使用BBED跳过归档进行恢复
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https://blog.csdn.net/gumengkai/article/details/53311390 使用BBED跳过归档进行恢复 数据库启动异常，提示6号文件丢失 SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 776646656 bytes Fixed Size 2257272 bytes Variable Size 490737288 bytes Database Buffers 281018368 bytes Redo Buffers 2633728 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ 分析过程： 1. 查看告警日志和trace [[email protected] trace]$ pwd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace [[email protected] trace]$ cat alert_orcl.log 日志内容如下： ALTER DATABASE OPEN Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_dbw0_3020.trc: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3042.trc: ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN... 根据告警日志中的信息查看trace文件 SQL> select * from v$diag_info; [[email protected] ~]$ vim /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ora_3042.trc trace内容： DDE: Problem Key ‘ORA 1110‘ was flood controlled (0x1) (no incident) ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ 基本可以确认，是6号文件丢失 2. 使用rman还原6号文件 --查看数据库状态 RMAN> report schema; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL List of Permanent Datafiles =========================== File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------ 1 760 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2 590 SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 3 105 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 4 5 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 5 330 EXAMPLE *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 6 0 T *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf 7 100 TBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs_1.dbf 8 100 TBS2 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs2.dbf 9 1 UNDO1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undo01.dbf List of Temporary Files ======================= File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name ---- -------- -------------------- ----------- -------------------- 1 29 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf 6号文件大小为0，说明该数据文件已经丢失。 --restore还原6号文件 RMAN> restore datafile 6; Starting restore at 20-NOV-16 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp tag=TAG20161023T102912 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished restore at 20-NOV-16 3. 尝试打开数据库 SQL> select status from v$instance; STATUS ------------ MOUNTED SQL> alter database open; alter database open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-01113: file 6 needs media recovery ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ 提示需要介质恢复 4. 查看数据文件头部和控制文件记录的检查点信息 控制文件： SQL> select FILE#,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 2190210 2 2190210 3 2190210 4 2190210 5 2190210 6 2190210 7 2190210 8 2190210 9 2190210 9 rows selected. #可见控制文件中记录的检查点信息是一致的 数据文件头部： SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 2190210 2 2190210 3 2190210 4 2190210 5 2190210 6 1301034 #此时oracle会取读6号文件1号块的信息 7 2190210 8 2190210 9 2190210 9 rows selected. 对比控制文件记录的检查点信息和数据文件头部的检查点信息，看两者是否一致。 数据文件头部的scn要比控制文件记录的scn要小，所以要利用归档日志应用日志将数据文件恢复到2190210这个时间点。 5. 使用recover命令恢复6号文件 SQL> recover datafile 6; ORA-00279: change 1301034 generated at 10/23/2016 10:29:13 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_23/o1_mf_1_4_d0rb9tqo _.arc ORA-00280: change 1301034 for thread 1 is in sequence #4 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} 提示要应用o1_mf_1_4_d0rb9tqo_.arc从1301034进行恢复 6号文件头部记录了检查点信息，包括时间(scn)和RBA，即日志地址，之前的日志就不需要再进行恢复。 --回车进行自动恢复 1322797 ORA-00279: change 1322797 generated at 10/23/2016 11:06:34 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_24/o1_mf_1_5_d0vhzoyw _.arc ORA-00280: change 1322797 for thread 1 is in sequence #5 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} 检查点信息已经到了1322797，还是要比控制文件记录的要小。再从1322797应用归档进行恢复。 --1344052 ORA-00279: change 1344052 generated at 10/24/2016 16:01:57 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_10_24/o1_mf_1_6_d0vj3ffm _.arc ORA-00280: change 1344052 for thread 1 is in sequence #6 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} 以下重复内容不再贴出来.. --恢复异常，25号归档日志文件丢失 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} ORA-00279: change 1928225 generated at 11/13/2016 11:30:53 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn 9_.arc ORA-00280: change 1928225 for thread 1 is in sequence #25 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} ORA-00308: cannot open archived log ‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_25_d2htrd n9_.arc‘ ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory Additional information: 3 6. 到指定目录下查看归档日志是否还在 [[email protected] 2016_11_13]$ ls o1_mf_1_23_d2hqlxhy_.arc o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1f_.arc o1_mf_1_24_d2hqmflr_.arc o1_mf_1_27_d2jcddcq_.arc 的确是缺少了25号归档日志文件 --再看此时数据文件头部的scn SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header; FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------------ 1 2190210 2 2190210 3 2190210 4 2190210 5 2190210 6 1928225 7 2190210 8 2190210 9 2190210 9 rows selected. 还没有恢复到异常发生前的scn，如果此时直接打开数据库，后面的归档日志记录的信息就丢失了。 7. 修改数据文件头部的检查点信息，以跳过25号归档日志。将检查点信息指向26号日志。 --修改RBA，SCN RBA(redo byte addres) à sequence number+block number+offset 61è62 SCN(system change number) 使数据文件头部的SCN从61号日志的开始SCN指向62号日志的开始SCN 8. 使用BBED修改6号文件头部的RBA，6号文件1号块 注：oracle11g offset 500-->RBA offset 484-->SCN BBED> set file 6 FILE# 6 BBED> map /v --dump出1号块的结构 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------------ Data File Header struct kcvfh, 860 bytes @0 struct kcvfhbfh, 20 bytes @0 struct kcvfhhdr, 76 bytes @20 ub4 kcvfhrdb @96 struct kcvfhcrs, 8 bytes @100 ub4 kcvfhcrt @108 ub4 kcvfhrlc @112 struct kcvfhrls, 8 bytes @116 ub4 kcvfhbti @124 struct kcvfhbsc, 8 bytes @128 ub2 kcvfhbth @136 ub2 kcvfhsta @138 struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 ub4 kcvfhcpc @140 ub4 kcvfhrts @144 ub4 kcvfhccc @148 struct kcvfhbcp, 36 bytes @152 ub4 kcvfhbhz @312 struct kcvfhxcd, 16 bytes @316 sword kcvfhtsn @332 ub2 kcvfhtln @336 text kcvfhtnm[30] @338 ub4 kcvfhrfn @368 struct kcvfhrfs, 8 bytes @372 ub4 kcvfhrft @380 struct kcvfhafs, 8 bytes @384 ub4 kcvfhbbc @392 ub4 kcvfhncb @396 ub4 kcvfhmcb @400 ub4 kcvfhlcb @404 ub4 kcvfhbcs @408 ub2 kcvfhofb @412 ub2 kcvfhnfb @414 ub4 kcvfhprc @416 struct kcvfhprs, 8 bytes @420 struct kcvfhprfs, 8 bytes @428 ub4 kcvfhtrt @444 ub4 tailchk @8188 BBED> p kcvfhckp --484号检查点的结构 struct kcvfhckp, 36 bytes @484 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x001d6c21 –低位4个字节 ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000 --高位两个字节 ub4 kcvcptim @492 0x374d2ced ub2 kcvcpthr @496 0x0001 union u, 12 bytes @500 struct kcvcprba, 12 bytes @500 ub4 kcrbaseq @500 0x00000019 ub4 kcrbabno @504 0x00000002 ub2 kcrbabof @508 0x0000 ub1 kcvcpetb[0] @512 0x02 ub1 kcvcpetb[1] @513 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[2] @514 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[3] @515 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[4] @516 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[5] @517 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[6] @518 0x00 ub1 kcvcpetb[7] @519 0x00 SQL> select to_number(‘19‘,‘xx‘) fromdual; --25号文件 TO_NUMBER(‘19‘,‘XX‘) -------------------- 25 也就是从25号文件，2号块，偏移量为0的位置开始恢复。 只需要把25改为26即可，02不需修改，因为日志文件的第一个块是文件头，也就是从2号文件开始写日志的，恢复的时候也是从2号块开始恢复。 将19改为1a BBED> d /v offset 500 count 16 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 500 to 515 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------- 19000000 02000000 00009f98 02000000 l ................ BBED> modify /x 1a offset 500 Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 500 to 515 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1a000000 02000000 00009f98 02000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply Check value for File 6, Block 1: current = 0xea80, required = 0xea80 9. 修改SCN 6号文件1号块 struct kcvcpscn, 8 bytes @484 ub4 kscnbas @484 0x001d6c21 #低位4个字节 ub2 kscnwrp @488 0x0000 #高位2个字节 接下来要推测26号日志开始的SCN，可以从控制文件中记录的V$LOG_HISTORY查看 SQL> select SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# from v$log_history; SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# NEXT_CHANGE# ---------- ------------- ------------ 20 1700044 1721365 21 1721365 1754090 22 1754090 1791173 23 1791173 1829681 24 1829681 1928225 25 1928225 2023273 26 2023273 2046588 这样就可以去确定，将1028225改为2023273 1D6C21(21 6c 1d)---》à1edf69(69df 1e) #此时可以用计算器转换，因为数据库未打开，不能使用函数转换 通过将6号文件头部的SCN转换也可以验证这一点。 SQL> select to_number(‘1d6c21‘,‘xxxxxx‘) from dual; TO_NUMBER(‘1D6C21‘,‘XXXXXX‘) ---------------------------- 1928225 BBED> d /v offset 484 count 16 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 499 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------- 216c1d00 00000000 ed2c4d37 01000000 l !l......?M7.... <16 bytes per line> 注意，因为这里linux使用的是小端，number类型为倒置存储 BBED> modify /x 69 offset 484 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 484 to 499 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 696c1d00 00000000 ed2c4d37 01000000 <32 bytes per line> BBED> modify /x df offset 485 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 485 to 500 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ df1d0000 000000ed 2c4d3701 0000001a <32 bytes per line> BBED> modify /x 1e offset 486 File: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf (6) Block: 1 Offsets: 486 to 501 Dba:0x01800001 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1e000000 0000ed2c 4d370100 00001a00 <32 bytes per line> BBED> sum apply; Check value for File 6, Block 1: current = 0x59cb, required = 0x59cb 10. 恢复6号文件，看是否能够恢复 SQL> recover datafile 6 ORA-00279: change 2023273 generated at 11/13/2016 11:30:53 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_13/o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1 f_.arc ORA-00280: change 2023273 for thread 1 is in sequence #26 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} 可以看到此时已经从26号日志开始恢复了 SQL> recover datafile 6 ORA-00279: change 2096676 generated at 11/16/2016 18:54:49 needed for thread 1 ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2016_11_19/o1_mf_1_29_d2zk84c z_.arc ORA-00280: change 2096676 for thread 1 is in sequence #29 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL} Log applied. Media recovery complete. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. 数据库可以打开了。此时最好尽快做一个全库备份 ============================================================================================================================== 附上模拟故障的脚本： 1. 移除数据文件 t01.dbf [[email protected] orcl]$ ls control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf tbs_1.dbf temp01.dbf undotbs01.dbf example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf t01.dbf tbs2.dbf undo01.dbf users01.dbf [[email protected] orcl]$ mkdir bak [[email protected] orcl]$ mv t01.dbf bak/t01.dbf 2. 查看最近的备份文件 RMAN> list backup of database; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog List of Backup Sets =================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 4 Full 1.12G DISK 00:00:19 23-OCT-16 BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20161023T102912 Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2016_10_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20161023T102912_d0r83s29_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 4 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 1 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf 2 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf 3 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf 4 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf 5 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf 6 Full 1301034 23-OCT-16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf 最新的备份为10月26号 3. 查看归档日志 [[email protected] ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog [[email protected] archivelog]$ ls 2016_10_16 2016_10_24 2016_11_01 2016_11_03 2016_11_06 2016_11_12 2016_11_16 2016_11_20 2016_10_23 2016_10_29 2016_11_02 2016_11_05 2016_11_09 2016_11_13 2016_11_19 4. 移除2016_11_13的其中一个归档日志文件 [[email protected] archivelog]$ cd 2016_11_13 [[email protected] 2016_11_13]$ ls o1_mf_1_23_d2hqlxhy_.arc o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc o1_mf_1_27_d2jcddcq_.arc o1_mf_1_24_d2hqmflr_.arc o1_mf_1_26_d2hwpw1f_.arc [[email protected] 2016_11_13]$ mv o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc o1_mf_1_25_d2htrdn9_.arc.bak 5. 关闭数据库，重新打开 SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 776646656 bytes Fixed Size 2257272 bytes Variable Size 490737288 bytes Database Buffers 281018368 bytes Redo Buffers 2633728 bytes Database mounted. ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file ORA-01110: data file 6: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/t01.dbf‘ --------------------- 作者：bitko 来源：CSDN 原文：https://blog.csdn.net/gumengkai/article/details/53311390 版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！ ================================================================================================================================== ==================================================================================================================================
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