Selenium自动化案例
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``` #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 2019/3/15 21:29 from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome()# 可切换浏览器:Ie、Firefox driver.maximize_window()# 浏览器窗口最大换 driver.implicitly_wait(8)# 设置隐式时间等待 driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")# 访问地址 driver.quit()# 关闭浏览器 # 完整的脚本例子----------------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘kw‘]").send_keys("selenium") # 搜索输入框输入Selenium.xpath定位、find_elements找的是一组元素,返回的是一个列表; driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘su‘]").click()# 点击百度一下按钮 time.sleep(2)# 导入时间模块,等待2秒 # 断言1 # 这里通过元素XPath表达式来确定该元素显示在结果列表,从而判断Selenium官网这个链接显示在结果列表。# 这里采用了相对元素定位方法/../ # 通过selenium方法is_displayed() 来判断我们的目标元素是否在页面显示。driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/h3/a[text()=‘官网‘]/../a/em[text()=‘Selenium‘]").is_displayed() driver.quit() # 上述例子可把断言1换成断言2 # 断言2 ele_string = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//div/h3/a[text()=‘官网‘]/../a").text if (ele_string ==u"Selenium - Web Browser Automation"): print "测试成功,结果和预期结果匹配!" # 网页上获取自己想要的信息---------------- # 例如:获取到页面下的一些邮件信息 from seleniumimport webdriver import re driver = webdriver.Ie() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("http://home.baidu.com/contact.html")# 页面地址 doc = driver.page_source# 得到页面源代码 emails = re.findall(r‘[w][email protected][w.-]+‘, doc)# 利用正则,找出 [email protected] 的字段,保存到emails列表 for emailin emails: print (email) # 利用其他定位元素--------------------- from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") try:# try except语句块来进行测试断言,这个在实际自动化测试脚本开发中,经常要用到处理异常 driver.find_element_by_id("kw")# 用ID方式定位百度输入框的元素位置, # 还有其他一些定位方式 # tag name: driver.find_element_by_tag_name("form"); # link text: driver.find_element_by_link_text("新闻").凡是看到链接元素上面有文字描述的都可以采取find_element_by_link_text()方法来进行元素定位 # partial link text: driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("主页").click()、 # class name : driver.find_element_by_class_name("s_ipt") class name定位、 # name : driver.find_element_by_name("wd") name定位、 # css : driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#su") 、 找 ‘百度一下’ 这个按钮、css定位方式 print (‘test pass: ID found‘) except Exception as e: print ("Exception found", format(e)) driver.quit() # 清空输入文本---------------------- driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear() # 刷新页面方法--------------------- driver.refresh() # 浏览器中的前进、后退操作------------------- # driver.back() # driver.forward() import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") time.sleep(2) elem_news = driver.find_element_by_link_text("新闻") elem_news.click()# 点击进入到百度新闻time.sleep(2) driver.back()# 从百度新闻后退到百度首页time.sleep(2) driver.forward()# 百度首页前进到百度新闻time.sleep(2) driver.quit() # 获取浏览器版本---------------------------------- print (driver.capabilities[‘version‘]) # current_url 方法可以得到当前页面的URL---------- print (driver.current_url) # title方法可以获取当前页面的标题显示的字段------- print (driver.title) # 浏览器中重新开一个tab,利用键盘快捷键(ctrl+t)----------------- ele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘body‘).send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +‘t‘) # 例 import time from seleniumimport webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/") time.sleep(1) ele = driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘body‘).send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +‘t‘# 触发ctrl + t time.sleep(1) # 点击单选框----------------------------- for iin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*/input[@type=‘radio‘]"): i.click() # 例 from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘http://news.baidu.com‘) driver.implicitly_wait(8) for iin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*/input[@type=‘radio‘]"): i.click() # 点击复选框----------------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Ie() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) driver.implicitly_wait(8) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘u1‘]/a[7]").click() time.sleep(1) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘TANGRAM__PSP_10__footerULoginBtn‘]").click() time.sleep(1) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘TANGRAM__PSP_10__memberPass‘]").click() # 设置屏幕分辨率----------------------------------- driver.set_window_size(1024, 768) driver.set_window_size(1280, 800) # 例 import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window()# 全屏driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) time.sleep(1) print (driver.get_window_size()) driver.set_window_size(1280, 800)# 分辨率1280*800 time.sleep(1) print (driver.get_window_size()) driver.set_window_size(1024, 768)# 分辨率1024*768 time.sleep(1) print (driver.get_window_size()) # title断言-------------------------------------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) time.sleep(1) # 方法一try: assert u"百度一下" in driver.title print (‘Assertion test pass.‘) except Exception as e: print (‘Assertion test fail.‘, format(e)) # 方法二if u"百度一下,你就知道" == driver.title: print (‘Assertion test pass.‘) else: print (‘Assertion test fail.‘) print driver.title # 获取错误信息进行对比、匹配------------------------------ import time from seleniumimport webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/") time.sleep(1) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘u1‘]/a[7]").click() time.sleep(1) driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘TANGRAM__PSP_8__submit‘]").click() # 断言方法一try: error_message = driver.find_element_by_xpath( "//*[@id=‘TANGRAM__PSP_8__error‘ and text()=‘请您填写手机/邮箱/用户名‘]").is_displayed() print ("Test pass. the error message is display.") except Exception as e: print ("Test fail.", format(e)) # 断言方法二,本文重点介绍方法error_mes = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘TANGRAM__PSP_8__error‘]").text try: assert error_mes ==u‘请您填写手机/邮箱/用户名‘ print (‘Test pass.‘) except Exception as e: print ("Test fail.", format(e)) # 断言验证某个按钮是否被选中 from seleniumimport webdriver import time driver = webdriver.Ie() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(5) driver.get("http://news.baidu.com/") time.sleep(2) # 验证元素大小是否符合需求设计--------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Firefox() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/") time.sleep(1) search_btn = driver.find_element_by_id(‘su‘) print (search_btn.size) # 页面文本全选操作ctrl+a------------------------ import time from seleniumimport webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) element = driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘body‘) element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +‘a‘) # 退格键删除信息操作------------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) element = driver.find_element_by_id(‘kw‘) element.send_keys("Selenium automation") time.sleep(1) element.send_keys(Keys.CONTROL +‘a‘) element.send_keys(Keys.BACKSPACE) # 鼠标右键操作,如:右键点开按钮,选择选项----------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver from selenium.webdriverimport ActionChains from selenium.webdriver.common.keysimport Keys driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘) time.sleep(2) element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@id=‘lg‘]/img") actionChains = ActionChains(driver) actionChains.context_click(element).send_keys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).send_keys(Keys.ENTER).perform() actionChains.context_click(element).send_keys(‘i‘).perform() # 如何执行js脚本----------------------------------- # 实例一 执行js脚本触发一个alert弹出框 import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") time.sleep(1) driver.execute_script("window.alert(‘这是一个alert弹框。‘);")# 注意这里的分号是英文输入法的分号,不能用中文 # 实例二 执行js脚本来控制浏览器竖向滚动条 # 打开百度贴吧,然后拖动滚动条到左侧 “地区” # coding=utf-8 import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://tieba.baidu.com/index.html") time.sleep(1) target_elem = driver.find_element_by_link_text("地区") driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", target_elem)# 用目标元素参考去拖动 driver.execute_script("scroll(0,2400)")# 这个是第二种方法,比较粗劣,大概的拖动 # 获取页面包含href元素的超链接,爬虫中常用----------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") time.sleep(1) for linkin driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//*[@href]"): print (link.get_attribute(‘href‘)) driver.quit() # 截图保存操作,测试脚本中有异常报错时可用的该方法-------------------------- import time from seleniumimport webdriver driver = webdriver.Chrome() driver.maximize_window() driver.implicitly_wait(6) driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") time.sleep(1) driver.get_screenshot_as_file("C:\Users\你的账户名\Desktop\baidu.png") driver.quit()
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