爬虫之post请求与请求传参

Posted 2021-02-11 qq631243523

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一.POST请求

class Postspider(scripy.Spider):
    name = "post"
    # allowed_domains = ["www.xxx.com"]
    start_urls = ["https.//fanyi.baidu.com/sug"]

    def start_requests(self):
        data = {
            "kw": "dog"
        }
        for url in self.start_urls:
            yield scrapy.FormRequest(url=url, formdata=data, calback=self.parse)


def parse(self, response):
    print(response.text)

二.请求传参

　　- 在某些情况下，我们爬取的数据不在同一个页面中，例如，我们爬取一个电影网站，电影的名称，评分在一级页面，而要爬取的其他电影详情在其二级子页面中。这时我们就需要用到请求传参。

ex：爬取www.id97.com电影网，将一级页面中的电影名称，类型，评分一级二级页面中的上映时间，导演，片长进行爬取。

import scrapy
from moviePro.items import MovieproItem

class MovieSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = ‘movie‘
    allowed_domains = [‘www.id97.com‘]
    start_urls = [‘http://www.id97.com/‘]

    def parse(self, response):
        div_list = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="col-xs-1-5 movie-item"]‘)

        for div in div_list:
            item = MovieproItem()
            item[‘name‘] = div.xpath(‘.//h1/a/text()‘).extract_first()
            item[‘score‘] = div.xpath(‘.//h1/em/text()‘).extract_first()
            #xpath(string(.))表示提取当前节点下所有子节点中的数据值（.）表示当前节点
            item[‘kind‘] = div.xpath(‘.//div[@class="otherinfo"]‘).xpath(‘string(.)‘).extract_first()
            item[‘detail_url‘] = div.xpath(‘./div/a/@href‘).extract_first()
            #请求二级详情页面，解析二级页面中的相应内容,通过meta参数进行Request的数据传递
            yield scrapy.Request(url=item[‘detail_url‘],callback=self.parse_detail,meta={‘item‘:item})

    def parse_detail(self,response):
        #通过response获取item
        item = response.meta[‘item‘]
        item[‘actor‘] = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[1]/a/text()‘).extract_first()
        item[‘time‘] = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[7]/td[2]/text()‘).extract_first()
        item[‘long‘] = response.xpath(‘//div[@class="row"]//table/tr[8]/td[2]/text()‘).extract_first()
        #提交item到管道
        yield item

items.py:

 -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy


class MovieproItem(scrapy.Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    name = scrapy.Field()
    score = scrapy.Field()
    time = scrapy.Field()
    long = scrapy.Field()
    actor = scrapy.Field()
    kind = scrapy.Field()
    detail_url = scrapy.Field()

管道文件：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don‘t forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

import json
class MovieproPipeline(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fp = open(‘data.txt‘,‘w‘)
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        dic = dict(item)
        print(dic)
        json.dump(dic,self.fp,ensure_ascii=False)
        return item
    def close_spider(self,spider):
        self.fp.close()