HBASE 基础命令总结

Posted 2021-02-11 boanxin

HBASE基础命令总结

一，概述

本文中介绍了hbase的基础命令，作者既有记录总结hbase基础命令的目的还有本着分享的精神，和广大读者一起进步。本文的hbase版本是：HBase 1.2.0-cdh5.10.0。

二，HBase工具命令

 

上面的 master、regionserver、zookeeper、rest、thrift、thrift2 都是启动命令启动命令就不介绍了。下面一一介绍我认为比较重要的命令：

1，hbase shell 命令

这个命令主要是进入hbase客户端client 的命令，在这里可以操作hbase 数据库，诸如：增删改查等这个命令内容较多，本文简单介绍这个命令以后会着重讲解这个命令见下面代码：

hbase(main):001:0> help
HBase Shell, version 1.2.0-cdh5.10.0, rUnknown, Fri Jan 20 12:13:18 PST 2017
Type ‘help "COMMAND"‘, (e.g. ‘help "get"‘ -- the quotes are necessary) for help on a specific command.
Commands are grouped. Type ‘help "COMMAND_GROUP"‘, (e.g. ‘help "general"‘) for help on a command group.

COMMAND GROUPS:
  
  Group name: general
  Commands: status, table_help, version, whoami

  Group name: ddl
  Commands: alter, alter_async, alter_status, create, describe, disable, disable_all, drop, drop_all, enable, enable_all, exists, get_table, is_disabled, is_enabled, list, locate_region,
  show_filters

  Group name: namespace
  Commands: alter_namespace, create_namespace, describe_namespace, drop_namespace, list_namespace, list_namespace_tables

  Group name: dml
  Commands: append, count, delete, deleteall, get, get_counter, get_splits, incr, put, scan, truncate, truncate_preserve

  Group name: tools
  Commands: assign, balance_switch, balancer, balancer_enabled, catalogjanitor_enabled, catalogjanitor_run, catalogjanitor_switch, close_region, compact, compact_mob, compact_rs, flush, 
  major_compact, major_compact_mob, merge_region, move, normalize, normalizer_enabled, normalizer_switch, split, trace, unassign, wal_roll, zk_dump

  Group name: replication
  Commands: add_peer, append_peer_tableCFs, disable_peer, disable_table_replication, enable_peer, enable_table_replication, get_peer_config, list_peer_configs, list_peers, 
  list_replicated_tables, remove_peer, remove_peer_tableCFs, set_peer_tableCFs, show_peer_tableCFs, update_peer_config

  Group name: snapshots
  Commands: clone_snapshot, delete_all_snapshot, delete_snapshot, list_snapshots, restore_snapshot, snapshot

  Group name: configuration
  Commands: update_all_config, update_config

  Group name: quotas
  Commands: list_quotas, set_quota

  Group name: security
  Commands: grant, list_security_capabilities, revoke, user_permission

  Group name: procedures
  Commands: abort_procedure, list_procedures

  Group name: visibility labels
  Commands: add_labels, clear_auths, get_auths, list_labels, set_auths, set_visibility

SHELL USAGE:
Quote all names in HBase Shell such as table and column names.  Commas delimit
command parameters.  Type <RETURN> after entering a command to run it.
Dictionaries of configuration used in the creation and alteration of tables are
Ruby Hashes. They look like this:

  {‘key1‘ => ‘value1‘, ‘key2‘ => ‘value2‘, ...}

and are opened and closed with curley-braces.  Key/values are delimited by the
‘=>‘ character combination.  Usually keys are predefined constants such as
NAME, VERSIONS, COMPRESSION, etc.  Constants do not need to be quoted.  Type
‘Object.constants‘ to see a (messy) list of all constants in the environment.

If you are using binary keys or values and need to enter them in the shell, use
double-quote‘d hexadecimal representation. For example:

  hbase> get ‘t1‘, "keyx03x3fxcd"
  hbase> get ‘t1‘, "key032311"
  hbase> put ‘t1‘, "testxefxff", ‘f1:‘, "x01x33x40"

The HBase shell is the (J)Ruby IRB with the above HBase-specific commands added.
For more on the HBase Shell, see http://hbase.apache.org/book.html

　　

2，hbase hbck 检测命令

 

 

[[email protected] root]$ hbase hbck -h
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 17:09:41 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
Usage: fsck [opts] {only tables}
 where [opts] are:
   -help Display help options (this)
   -details Display full report of all regions.
   -timelag <timeInSeconds>  Process only regions that  have not experienced any metadata updates in the last  <timeInSeconds> seconds.
   -sleepBeforeRerun <timeInSeconds> Sleep this many seconds before checking if the fix worked if run with -fix
   -summary Print only summary of the tables and status.
   -metaonly Only check the state of the hbase:meta table.
   -sidelineDir <hdfs://> HDFS path to backup existing meta.
   -boundaries Verify that regions boundaries are the same between META and store files.
   -exclusive Abort if another hbck is exclusive or fixing.
   -disableBalancer Disable the load balancer.

  Metadata Repair options: (expert features, use with caution!)
   -fix              Try to fix region assignments.  This is for backwards compatiblity
   -fixAssignments   Try to fix region assignments.  Replaces the old -fix
   -fixMeta          Try to fix meta problems.  This assumes HDFS region info is good.
   -noHdfsChecking   Don‘t load/check region info from HDFS. Assumes hbase:meta region info is good. Won‘t check/fix any HDFS issue, e.g. hole, orphan, or overlap
   -fixHdfsHoles     Try to fix region holes in hdfs.
   -fixHdfsOrphans   Try to fix region dirs with no .regioninfo file in hdfs
   -fixTableOrphans  Try to fix table dirs with no .tableinfo file in hdfs (online mode only)
   -fixHdfsOverlaps  Try to fix region overlaps in hdfs.
   -fixVersionFile   Try to fix missing hbase.version file in hdfs.
   -maxMerge <n>     When fixing region overlaps, allow at most <n> regions to merge. (n=5 by default)
   -sidelineBigOverlaps  When fixing region overlaps, allow to sideline big overlaps
   -maxOverlapsToSideline <n>  When fixing region overlaps, allow at most <n> regions to sideline per group. (n=2 by default)
   -fixSplitParents  Try to force offline split parents to be online.
   -ignorePreCheckPermission  ignore filesystem permission pre-check
   -fixReferenceFiles  Try to offline lingering reference store files
   -fixEmptyMetaCells  Try to fix hbase:meta entries not referencing any region (empty REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER rows)

  Datafile Repair options: (expert features, use with caution!)
   -checkCorruptHFiles     Check all Hfiles by opening them to make sure they are valid
   -sidelineCorruptHFiles  Quarantine corrupted HFiles.  implies -checkCorruptHFiles

  Metadata Repair shortcuts
   -repair           Shortcut for -fixAssignments -fixMeta -fixHdfsHoles -fixHdfsOrphans -fixHdfsOverlaps -fixVersionFile -sidelineBigOverlaps -fixReferenceFiles -fixTableLocks 
                                  -fixOrphanedTableZnodes
   -repairHoles      Shortcut for -fixAssignments -fixMeta -fixHdfsHoles

  Table lock options
   -fixTableLocks    Deletes table locks held for a long time (hbase.table.lock.expire.ms, 10min by default)

  Table Znode options
   -fixOrphanedTableZnodes    Set table state in ZNode to disabled if table does not exists

 Replication options
   -fixReplication   Deletes replication queues for removed peers

 

　　

 

这是一个用于检查区域一致性和表完整性问题并且修复损坏的Hbase的工具，它工作在两种基本模式-只读不一致识别模式和多阶段写修复模式。如果想要检查您的hbase集群是否损坏就运行命令 hbase hbck 

hbase hbck  ：此处的命令有很多INFO日志，本文已经略去

在命令结束的时候，它会打印OK或者告诉您存在的INCONSISTENCIES数量。偶尔的不一致也可能是暂时的所以要多运行几次。

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
HBaseFsck command line options: 
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO util.HBaseFsck: Launching hbck
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO zookeeper.RecoverableZooKeeper: Process identifier=hconnection-0x66fdec9 connecting to ZooKeeper ensemble=rhel1009161:2181,rhel1009179:2181,rhel1009167:2181
此处省略环境变量和路径
Version: 1.2.0-cdh5.10.0
Number of live region servers: 3
Number of dead region servers: 0
Master: rhel1009161,60000,1548150309236
Number of backup masters: 0
Average load: 12.666666666666666
Number of requests: 0
Number of regions: 38
Number of regions in transition: 0
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO util.HBaseFsck: Loading regionsinfo from the hbase:meta table

Number of empty REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER rows in hbase:meta: 0
Number of Tables: 13
19/03/03 10:51:44 INFO util.HBaseFsck: Loading region directories from HDFS
.
19/03/03 10:51:45 INFO util.HBaseFsck: Loading region information from HDFS
Summary:
19/03/03 10:51:45 INFO zookeeper.ClientCnxn: EventThread shut down
Table CONSUMER_OFFSET is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Table scores is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012
Table hbase:meta is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
Table SYSTEM.CATALOG is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Table logs is okay.
    Number of regions: 25
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349 rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701 rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012
Table test is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Table UNIFIED_TREATED_OFFSET is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
Table hbase:namespace is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
Table SYSTEM:SEQUENCE is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012
Table SYSTEM:FUNCTION is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Table SYSTEM.SEQUENCE is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Table SYSTEM.FUNCTION is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
Table SYSTEM.STATS is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012
Table SYSTEM:STATS is okay.
    Number of regions: 1
    Deployed on:  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
0 inconsistencies detected.
Status: OK

　　

在操作上，如果您想要定期报告hbck情况使用 -details选项将报告更多细节。

hbase hbck -details

和上面对比更加详细的日志有：

 

Version: 1.2.0-cdh5.10.0
Number of live region servers: 3
  rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349
  rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012
  rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701
Number of dead region servers: 0
Master: rhel1009161,60000,1548150309236
Number of backup masters: 0
Average load: 12.666666666666666
Number of requests: 0
Number of regions: 38
Number of regions in transition: 0
RegionServer: rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349 number of regions: 14
RegionServer: rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701 number of regions: 13
  CONSUMER_OFFSET,,1542955855321.7fb40659f11f9aa40cc4e4592e7b0ee8. id: 1542955855321 encoded_name: 7fb40659f11f9aa40cc4e4592e7b0ee8 start:  end: 
  SYSTEM.CATALOG,,1542868574952.c12de5a41e40941ead11d9c28610715b. id: 1542868574952 encoded_name: c12de5a41e40941ead11d9c28610715b start:  end: 
  logs,06,1550475903153.5c01a9598f165dc920190e62095df2d9. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 5c01a9598f165dc920190e62095df2d9 start: 06 end: 07
  logs,07,1550475903153.41822d6c6b7cd327899a702042891843. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 41822d6c6b7cd327899a702042891843 start: 07 end: 08
  logs,08,1550475903153.b78167598124d3e26fc83284af4070fd. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: b78167598124d3e26fc83284af4070fd start: 08 end: 09
  logs,11,1550475903153.839eb42eeb4a24509b946f1e3479782e. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 839eb42eeb4a24509b946f1e3479782e start: 11 end: 12
  logs,15,1550475903153.64d80dbb27469f8f8af220b2d0f5e6f9. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 64d80dbb27469f8f8af220b2d0f5e6f9 start: 15 end: 16
  hbase:meta,,1.1588230740 id: 1 encoded_name: 1588230740 start:  end: 
  logs,18,1550475903153.3c95183ef591ecd40eb2974235fd7fb3. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 3c95183ef591ecd40eb2974235fd7fb3 start: 18 end: 19
  logs,01,1550475903153.90a78af1f727bc227fae4eb110bf9f81. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 90a78af1f727bc227fae4eb110bf9f81 start: 01 end: 02
  logs,03,1550475903153.ed0a1db1482cdc32c5c81db7c13d0640. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: ed0a1db1482cdc32c5c81db7c13d0640 start: 03 end: 04
  logs,20,1550475903153.f1d80dd75b6081ad4e2c228943d3ea26. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: f1d80dd75b6081ad4e2c228943d3ea26 start: 20 end: 21
  logs,04,1550475903153.e0d0ffe01694d399d4561f7ccd8a4251. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: e0d0ffe01694d399d4561f7ccd8a4251 start: 04 end: 05
  logs,22,1550475903153.d25a8660a05bcc622b8d097de95de1d9. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: d25a8660a05bcc622b8d097de95de1d9 start: 22 end: 23
  test,,1551005576808.dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be. id: 1551005576808 encoded_name: dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be start:  end: 
  SYSTEM:FUNCTION,,1542955835416.1c38cae8b41456637f964d304b5d4c12. id: 1542955835416 encoded_name: 1c38cae8b41456637f964d304b5d4c12 start:  end: 
  SYSTEM.SEQUENCE,,1543905944331.9d1b8e635bff6f102f6449f52e831fa5. id: 1543905944331 encoded_name: 9d1b8e635bff6f102f6449f52e831fa5 start:  end: 
RegionServer: rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012 number of regions: 11
  scores,,1543037693784.dde4190ffc736f98eaa9daa1ea05041d. id: 1543037693784 encoded_name: dde4190ffc736f98eaa9daa1ea05041d start:  end: 
  logs,,1550475903153.e0cd325149800ef8530183f8bb3a0e3e. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: e0cd325149800ef8530183f8bb3a0e3e start:  end: 01
  logs,02,1550475903153.e62cf30a617df4ec1ae0eabb2234ffcf. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: e62cf30a617df4ec1ae0eabb2234ffcf start: 02 end: 03
  logs,05,1550475903153.73f2d6e692b279f6195bb819868ef994. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 73f2d6e692b279f6195bb819868ef994 start: 05 end: 06
  logs,13,1550475903153.a1198f2a30fa37cee7af8469c98d1b2b. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: a1198f2a30fa37cee7af8469c98d1b2b start: 13 end: 14
  logs,14,1550475903153.2434987f549f96afd8cf0d0350a0c75a. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 2434987f549f96afd8cf0d0350a0c75a start: 14 end: 15
  logs,17,1550475903153.049ef09d700b5ccfe1f9dc81eb67b622. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 049ef09d700b5ccfe1f9dc81eb67b622 start: 17 end: 18
  logs,19,1550475903153.abea5829dfde5fb41ffeb0850d9bf887. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: abea5829dfde5fb41ffeb0850d9bf887 start: 19 end: 20
  logs,23,1550475903153.94b3e1a2714d4ca430f420d278bcd521. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 94b3e1a2714d4ca430f420d278bcd521 start: 23 end: 24
  logs,09,1550475903153.1748392dfa2bd60e2ef77e546ae2965c. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 1748392dfa2bd60e2ef77e546ae2965c start: 09 end: 10
  SYSTEM:SEQUENCE,,1542955832695.6075b49813063999d52eb99a9698cb29. id: 1542955832695 encoded_name: 6075b49813063999d52eb99a9698cb29 start:  end: 
  SYSTEM.STATS,,1543905945651.223f3fb04a9f65ccb1e7e1820411867c. id: 1543905945651 encoded_name: 223f3fb04a9f65ccb1e7e1820411867c start:  end: 
  logs,10,1550475903153.749026a0500f23933466d8af3115cf2d. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 749026a0500f23933466d8af3115cf2d start: 10 end: 11
  logs,12,1550475903153.fbfad1572d67c451f5daa1de87565cf1. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: fbfad1572d67c451f5daa1de87565cf1 start: 12 end: 13
  logs,16,1550475903153.64a37d3879353f6ea372c8ef296a5c22. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 64a37d3879353f6ea372c8ef296a5c22 start: 16 end: 17
  logs,21,1550475903153.a4a1786a84ad60aa086e46d3209657c3. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: a4a1786a84ad60aa086e46d3209657c3 start: 21 end: 22
  logs,24,1550475903153.8ffca9986bd916c9e311a1ed681f818a. id: 1550475903153 encoded_name: 8ffca9986bd916c9e311a1ed681f818a start: 24 end: 
  UNIFIED_TREATED_OFFSET,,1542955848844.e6c6b20204132fdca2a037b8b2c145ee. id: 1542955848844 encoded_name: e6c6b20204132fdca2a037b8b2c145ee start:  end: 
  hbase:namespace,,1542770225289.36bb8d029f2a478b59ffa7b5f2e2d7a9. id: 1542770225289 encoded_name: 36bb8d029f2a478b59ffa7b5f2e2d7a9 start:  end: 
  SYSTEM.FUNCTION,,1543905946894.b0ca0860f46ab494a40e81ea3732e990. id: 1543905946894 encoded_name: b0ca0860f46ab494a40e81ea3732e990 start:  end: 
  SYSTEM:STATS,,1542955834028.07cc65ad3379ccc1af28924cb8cb1d50. id: 1542955834028 encoded_name: 07cc65ad3379ccc1af28924cb8cb1d50 start:  end: 

 

　　

Number of Tables: 13
  Table: SYSTEM:STATS	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM:FUNCTION	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM.STATS	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: hbase:namespace	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM:SEQUENCE	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: CONSUMER_OFFSET	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM.SEQUENCE	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM.FUNCTION	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: SYSTEM.CATALOG	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: scores	rw	    	 families: 3
  Table: test	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: logs	rw	    	 families: 1
  Table: UNIFIED_TREATED_OFFSET	rw	    	 families: 1

　　

---- Table ‘CONSUMER_OFFSET‘: region split map
:	[ { meta => CONSUMER_OFFSET,,1542955855321.7fb40659f11f9aa40cc4e4592e7b0ee8., hdfs => hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/CONSUMER_OFFSET/7fb40659f11f9aa40cc4e4592e7b0ee8,
 deployed => rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701;CONSUMER_OFFSET,,1542955855321.7fb40659f11f9aa40cc4e4592e7b0ee8., replicaId => 0 }, ]	
null:	
---- Table ‘CONSUMER_OFFSET‘: overlap groups
There are 0 overlap groups with 0 overlapping regions
---- Table ‘scores‘: region split map
:	[ { meta => scores,,1543037693784.dde4190ffc736f98eaa9daa1ea05041d., hdfs => hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/scores/dde4190ffc736f98eaa9daa1ea05041d, 
deployed => rhel1009179,60020,1548150309012;scores,,1543037693784.dde4190ffc736f98eaa9daa1ea05041d., replicaId => 0 }, ]	
null:	
---- Table ‘scores‘: overlap groups
There are 0 overlap groups with 0 overlapping regions
---- Table ‘hbase:meta‘: region split map
:	[ { meta => hbase:meta,,1.1588230740, hdfs => hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/hbase/meta/1588230740, deployed => rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349;hbase:meta,,1.1588230740, 
replicaId => 0 }, ]	
null:	
---- Table ‘hbase:meta‘: overlap groups
There are 0 overlap groups with 0 overlapping regions
---- Table ‘SYSTEM.CATALOG‘: region split map
:	[ { meta => SYSTEM.CATALOG,,1542868574952.c12de5a41e40941ead11d9c28610715b., hdfs => hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/SYSTEM.CATALOG/c12de5a41e40941ead11d9c28610715b, 
deployed => rhel1009173,60020,1548150308701;SYSTEM.CATALOG,,1542868574952.c12de5a41e40941ead11d9c28610715b., replicaId => 0 }, ]	
null:	
---- Table ‘SYSTEM.CATALOG‘: overlap groups
There are 0 overlap groups with 0 overlapping regions

　　

 

如果信息过多还可以针对表来进行检测比如：

hbase hbck test 

test 就是表名

 

3，hbase hbck 修复命令

如果多次检测都出现了不一致或者其他问题，那么就要针对性的修复了修复命令如：

hbase hbck -fixVersionFile 解决缺失hbase.version 文件 的问题

hbase hbck -fixAssignments 解决  用于修复region没有assign、不应该assign、assign多次的问题。

                                                      如果region既不在meta表中，又不在hdfs上，但是在regionserver的online region集合中；

                                                      如果一个region在META表中有记录，在hdfs上面也有，table不是disabled的，但是这个region没有被服务；

                                                      如果一个region在META表中有记录，在hdfs上面也有，table是disabled的，但是这个region被某个regionserver服务了；

                                                      如果一个region在META表中有记录，在hdfs上面也有，table不是disabled的，但是这个region被多个regionserver服务了；

                                                      如果一个region在META表中，在hdfs上面也有，也应该被服务，但是META表中记录的regionserver和实际所在的regionserver不相符

hbase hbck -fixAssignments -fixMeta 解决如果一个region在meta中，并且在regionserver的online region集合中，但是hdfs集合没有，（-fixAssignments告诉regionserver close region），（-fixMeta删除META表中region的记录）

hbase hbck -fixMeta -fixAssignments 解决 如果一个region在meta表中没有记录，没有被regionserver服务，但是hdfs上面有。（-fixAssignments 用于assign region），（ -fixMeta用于在META表中添加region的记录）

hbase hbck -fixMeta 解决如果hdfs上面没有，那么从Meta表中删除相应的记录，如果hdfs上面有，在meta表中添加相应的记录。

                                        如果一个region在Meta表中没有记录，在hdfs上面有，被regionserver服务了；如果在meta有记录，但是在hdfs没有，并且没有被regionserver服务；

 

hbase hbck -fixHdfsHoles 创建一个新的空region，填补空洞，但是不assign 这个 region，也不在META表中添加这个region的相关信息,

                                          选项只是创建了一个新的空region，填补上了这个区间，还需要加上-fixAssignments -fixMeta 来解决问题，

                                          -fixAssignments 用于assign region，

                                          -fixMeta用于在META表中添加region的记录，

                                           所以有了组合拳 -repairHoles 修复region holes，相当于-fixAssignments -fixMeta -fixHdfsHoles -fixHdfsOrphans

hbase hbck -fixHdfsOrphans    region在hdfs上面没有.regioninfo文件

hbase hbck -fixHdfsOverlaps  

hbase hbck -repair 这个命令是打开所有的修复项目，相当于 -fixAssignments -fixMeta -fixHdfsHoles -fixHdfsOrphans -fixHdfsOverlaps -fixVersionFile -sidelineBigOverlaps

 

4，hbase snapshot 命令

使用这个命令可以创建hbase快照：

 

举例说明：hbase snapshot -name test_snapshot -table test

这个命令就是给表test创建一个快照快照名字叫做 test_snapshot

 

5，hbase snapshotinfo 命令

 这是查看hbase 快照信息的

 

举例说明：hbase snapshotinfo -snapshot test1 -files

 

6，hbase wal 命令

 

 

[[email protected] root]$ hbase wal --json --printvals  /hbase/WALs/rhel1009167,60020,1548150309349/rhel1009167%2C60020%2C1548150309349..meta.1551602786730.meta
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 17:35:18 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
[Writer Classes: ProtobufLogWriter
Cell Codec Class: org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.wal.WALCellCodec]

　　

7，hbase hfile 命令

[[email protected] root]$ hbase hfile
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 17:37:14 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
usage: HFile [-a] [-b] [-e] [-f <arg> | -r <arg>] [-h] [-i] [-k] [-m] [-p]
       [-s] [-v] [-w <arg>]
 -a,--checkfamily         Enable family check
 -b,--printblocks         Print block index meta data
 -e,--printkey            Print keys
 -f,--file <arg>          File to scan. Pass full-path; e.g.
                          hdfs://a:9000/hbase/hbase:meta/12/34
 -h,--printblockheaders   Print block headers for each block.
 -i,--checkMobIntegrity   Print all cells whose mob files are missing
 -k,--checkrow            Enable row order check; looks for out-of-order
                          keys
 -m,--printmeta           Print meta data of file
 -p,--printkv             Print key/value pairs
 -r,--region <arg>        Region to scan. Pass region name; e.g.
                          ‘hbase:meta,,1‘
 -s,--stats               Print statistics
 -v,--verbose             Verbose output; emits file and meta data
                          delimiters
 -w,--seekToRow <arg>     Seek to this row and print all the kvs for this
                          row only

　　

举例hbase hfile -b -m -v -f /hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8

hbase hfile -b -m -v -f /hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 17:44:58 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
Scanning -> /hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8
19/03/03 17:44:58 INFO hfile.CacheConfig: CacheConfig:disabled
19/03/03 17:44:58 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
Block index size as per heapsize: 392
reader=/hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8,
compression=none,
cacheConf=CacheConfig:disabled,
firstKey=12345/event:2/1551515538823/Put,
lastKey=dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event:time/2/Put,
avgKeyLen=29,
avgValueLen=2,
entries=5,
length=1264
Trailer:
fileinfoOffset=398,
loadOnOpenDataOffset=288,
dataIndexCount=1,
metaIndexCount=0,
totalUncomressedBytes=1171,
entryCount=5,
compressionCodec=NONE,
uncompressedDataIndexSize=36,
numDataIndexLevels=1,
firstDataBlockOffset=0,
lastDataBlockOffset=0,
comparatorClassName=org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue$KeyComparator,
majorVersion=2,
minorVersion=3
Fileinfo:
BLOOM_FILTER_TYPE = ROW
DELETE_FAMILY_COUNT = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00
EARLIEST_PUT_TS = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02
KEY_VALUE_VERSION = x00x00x00x01
LAST_BLOOM_KEY = dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be
MAJOR_COMPACTION_KEY = xFF
MAX_MEMSTORE_TS_KEY = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x1D
MAX_SEQ_ID_KEY = 31
TIMERANGE = 2....1551515538823
hfile.AVG_KEY_LEN = 29
hfile.AVG_VALUE_LEN = 2
hfile.CREATE_TIME_TS = x00x00x01i=xBFx8D|
hfile.LASTKEY = x00 dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1bex05eventtimex00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02x04
Mid-key: x00x0512345x05event2x00x00x01i=x88Ux87x04
Bloom filter:
BloomSize: 8
No of Keys in bloom: 3
Max Keys for bloom: 6
Percentage filled: 50%
Number of chunks: 1
Comparator: RawBytesComparator
Delete Family Bloom filter:
Not present
Block Index:
size=1
key=12345/event:2/1551515538823/Put
offset=0, dataSize=243

Scanned kv count -> 5

　　

举例：hbase hfile -p -m -v -r test,,1551005576808.dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be.

 hbase hfile -p -m -v  -r test,,1551005576808.dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be.
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 17:48:46 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
region dir -> hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be
19/03/03 17:48:46 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
Number of region files found -> 1
Found file[1] -> hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8
Scanning -> hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8
19/03/03 17:48:46 INFO hfile.CacheConfig: CacheConfig:disabled
K: 12345/event:2/1551515538823/Put/vlen=0/seqid=29 V: 
K: 12345/event:3/1551237197857/Put/vlen=2/seqid=21 V: 56
K: 123456/event:2/1551238121803/Put/vlen=2/seqid=24 V: 4x0A
K: 123456/event:4/1551238105260/Put/vlen=1/seqid=23 V: 2
K: dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event:time/2/Put/vlen=9/seqid=0 V: timestamp
Block index size as per heapsize: 392
reader=hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data/default/test/dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event/011bad5c3d544eaea0efcb694fdb83a8,
    compression=none,
    cacheConf=CacheConfig:disabled,
    firstKey=12345/event:2/1551515538823/Put,
    lastKey=dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be/event:time/2/Put,
    avgKeyLen=29,
    avgValueLen=2,
    entries=5,
    length=1264
Trailer:
    fileinfoOffset=398,
    loadOnOpenDataOffset=288,
    dataIndexCount=1,
    metaIndexCount=0,
    totalUncomressedBytes=1171,
    entryCount=5,
    compressionCodec=NONE,
    uncompressedDataIndexSize=36,
    numDataIndexLevels=1,
    firstDataBlockOffset=0,
    lastDataBlockOffset=0,
    comparatorClassName=org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue$KeyComparator,
    majorVersion=2,
    minorVersion=3
Fileinfo:
    BLOOM_FILTER_TYPE = ROW
    DELETE_FAMILY_COUNT = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x00
    EARLIEST_PUT_TS = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02
    KEY_VALUE_VERSION = x00x00x00x01
    LAST_BLOOM_KEY = dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1be
    MAJOR_COMPACTION_KEY = xFF
    MAX_MEMSTORE_TS_KEY = x00x00x00x00x00x00x00x1D
    MAX_SEQ_ID_KEY = 31
    TIMERANGE = 2....1551515538823
    hfile.AVG_KEY_LEN = 29
    hfile.AVG_VALUE_LEN = 2
    hfile.CREATE_TIME_TS = x00x00x01i=xBFx8D|
    hfile.LASTKEY = x00 dea7c6c100149485017af503a5e4e1bex05eventtimex00x00x00x00x00x00x00x02x04
Mid-key: x00x0512345x05event2x00x00x01i=x88Ux87x04
Bloom filter:
    BloomSize: 8
    No of Keys in bloom: 3
    Max Keys for bloom: 6
    Percentage filled: 50%
    Number of chunks: 1
    Comparator: RawBytesComparator
Delete Family Bloom filter:
    Not present
Scanned kv count -> 5

　　

8，hbase zkcli 命令

这个命令顾名思义 就是进入zookeeper客户端，值得注意的是，如果你的hbase配置了kerberos，在这里修改权限是很方便的。其余zookeeper命令省略。

 

9， hbase upgrade 命令

这个命令就是更新hbase的时候使用的命令：

hbase upgrade -h
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
usage: $bin/hbase upgrade -check [-dir DIR]|-execute
 -check       Run upgrade check; looks for HFileV1  under ${hbase.rootdir}
              or provided ‘dir‘ directory.
 -dir <arg>   Relative path of dir to check for HFileV1s.
 -execute     Run upgrade; zk and hdfs must be up, hbase down
 -h,--help    Help
Read http://hbase.apache.org/book.html#upgrade0.96 before attempting upgrade

Example usage:

Run upgrade check; looks for HFileV1s under ${hbase.rootdir}:
 $ bin/hbase upgrade -check

Run the upgrade: 
 $ bin/hbase upgrade -execute

　　

hbase upgrade -check
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO Configuration.deprecation: fs.default.name is deprecated. Instead, use fs.defaultFS
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Target dir is: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/.hbase-snapshot
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/.tmp
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/MasterProcWALs
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/WALs
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/archive
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/corrupt
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/data
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/hbase.id
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/hbase.version
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/oldWALs
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Ignoring path: hdfs://nameservice1/hbase/splitWAL
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Result: 

19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Tables Processed: 
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Count of HFileV1: 0
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Count of corrupted files: 0
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO util.HFileV1Detector: Count of Regions with HFileV1: 0
19/03/03 18:07:48 INFO migration.UpgradeTo96: No HFileV1 found.

　　

10，hbase clean 命令

这个命令在生产比较危险。谨慎使用。

hbase clean -h
Usage: hbase clean (--cleanZk|--cleanHdfs|--cleanAll)
Options: 
        --cleanZk   cleans hbase related data from zookeeper.
        --cleanHdfs cleans hbase related data from hdfs.
        --cleanAll  cleans hbase related data from both zookeeper and hdfs.

　　

11，hbase pe 命令

这个命令是测试hbase性能的自带的工具

hbase pe -h
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 18:14:52 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
Usage: java org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation   <OPTIONS> [-D<property=value>]* <command> <nclients>

Options:
 nomapred        Run multiple clients using threads (rather than use mapreduce)
 rows            Rows each client runs. Default: 1048576
 size            Total size in GiB. Mutually exclusive with --rows. Default: 1.0.
 sampleRate      Execute test on a sample of total rows. Only supported by randomRead. Default: 1.0
 traceRate       Enable HTrace spans. Initiate tracing every N rows. Default: 0
 table           Alternate table name. Default: ‘TestTable‘
 multiGet        If >0, when doing RandomRead, perform multiple gets instead of single gets. Default: 0
 compress        Compression type to use (GZ, LZO, ...). Default: ‘NONE‘
 flushCommits    Used to determine if the test should flush the table. Default: false
 writeToWAL      Set writeToWAL on puts. Default: True
 autoFlush       Set autoFlush on htable. Default: False
 oneCon          all the threads share the same connection. Default: False
 presplit        Create presplit table. If a table with same name exists, it‘ll be deleted and recreated (instead of verifying count of its existing regions). 
                 Recommended for accurate perf analysis (see guide). Default: disabled
 inmemory        Tries to keep the HFiles of the CF inmemory as far as possible. Not guaranteed that reads are always served from memory.  Default: false
 usetags         Writes tags along with KVs. Use with HFile V3. Default: false
 numoftags       Specify the no of tags that would be needed. This works only if usetags is true. Default: 1
 filterAll       Helps to filter out all the rows on the server side there by not returning any thing back to the client.  Helps to check the server side performance.  
                 Uses FilterAllFilter internally. 
 latency         Set to report operation latencies. Default: False
 bloomFilter      Bloom filter type, one of [NONE, ROW, ROWCOL]
 blockEncoding   Block encoding to use. Value should be one of [NONE, PREFIX, DIFF, FAST_DIFF, PREFIX_TREE]. Default: NONE
 valueSize       Pass value size to use: Default: 1000
 valueRandom     Set if we should vary value size between 0 and ‘valueSize‘; set on read for stats on size: Default: Not set.
 valueZipf       Set if we should vary value size between 0 and ‘valueSize‘ in zipf form: Default: Not set.
 period          Report every ‘period‘ rows: Default: opts.perClientRunRows / 10 = 104857
 multiGet        Batch gets together into groups of N. Only supported by randomRead. Default: disabled
 addColumns      Adds columns to scans/gets explicitly. Default: true
 replicas        Enable region replica testing. Defaults: 1.
 splitPolicy     Specify a custom RegionSplitPolicy for the table.
 randomSleep     Do a random sleep before each get between 0 and entered value. Defaults: 0
 columns         Columns to write per row. Default: 1
 caching         Scan caching to use. Default: 30

 Note: -D properties will be applied to the conf used. 
  For example: 
   -Dmapreduce.output.fileoutputformat.compress=true
   -Dmapreduce.task.timeout=60000

Command:
 append          Append on each row; clients overlap on keyspace so some concurrent operations
 checkAndDelete  CheckAndDelete on each row; clients overlap on keyspace so some concurrent operations
 checkAndMutate  CheckAndMutate on each row; clients overlap on keyspace so some concurrent operations
 checkAndPut     CheckAndPut on each row; clients overlap on keyspace so some concurrent operations
 filterScan      Run scan test using a filter to find a specific row based on it‘s value (make sure to use --rows=20)
 increment       Increment on each row; clients overlap on keyspace so some concurrent operations
 randomRead      Run random read test
 randomSeekScan  Run random seek and scan 100 test
 randomWrite     Run random write test
 scan            Run scan test (read every row)
 scanRange10     Run random seek scan with both start and stop row (max 10 rows)
 scanRange100    Run random seek scan with both start and stop row (max 100 rows)
 scanRange1000   Run random seek scan with both start and stop row (max 1000 rows)
 scanRange10000  Run random seek scan with both start and stop row (max 10000 rows)
 sequentialRead  Run sequential read test
 sequentialWrite Run sequential write test

Args:
 nclients        Integer. Required. Total number of clients (and HRegionServers) running. 1 <= value <= 500
Examples:
 To run a single client doing the default 1M sequentialWrites:
 $ bin/hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation sequentialWrite 1
 To run 10 clients doing increments over ten rows:
 $ bin/hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation --rows=10 --nomapred increment 10

　　

举例：

下面是hbase pe测试

顺序写（百万）
hbase org.apache.Hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation sequentialWrite 1

顺序读（百万）
hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation sequentialRead 1

随机写（百万）
hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation randomWrite 1

随机读（百万）
hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.PerformanceEvaluation randomRead 1

12，hbase ltt 命令

这个也是测试hbase性能的命令

 

hbase ltt -h
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM warning: Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release
19/03/03 18:19:36 INFO Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available
usage: bin/hbase org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.LoadTestTool <options>
Options:
 -batchupdate                    Whether to use batch as opposed to separate updates for every column in a row
 -bloom <arg>                    Bloom filter type, one of [NONE, ROW, ROWCOL]
 -compression <arg>              Compression type, one of [LZO, GZ, NONE, SNAPPY, LZ4]
 -data_block_encoding <arg>      Encoding algorithm (e.g. prefix compression) to use for data blocks in the test column
                                 family, one of [NONE, PREFIX, DIFF, FAST_DIFF, PREFIX_TREE].
 -deferredlogflush               Enable deferred log flush.
 -encryption <arg>               Enables transparent encryption on the test table, one of [AES]
 -families <arg>                 The name of the column families to use separated by comma
 -generator <arg>                The class which generates load for the tool. Any args for this class can be passed as
                                 colon separated after class name
 -h,--help                       Show usage
 -in_memory                      Tries to keep the HFiles of the CF inmemory as far as possible.  Not guaranteed that
                                 reads are always served from inmemory
 -init_only                      Initialize the test table only, don‘t do any loading
 -key_window <arg>               The ‘key window‘ to maintain between reads and writes for concurrent write/read
                                 workload. The default is 0.
 -max_read_errors <arg>          The maximum number of read errors to tolerate before terminating all reader threads.
                                 The default is 10.
 -mob_threshold <arg>            Desired cell size to exceed in bytes that will use the MOB write path
 -multiget_batchsize <arg>       Whether to use multi-gets as opposed to separate gets for every column in a row
 -multiput                       Whether to use multi-puts as opposed to separate puts for every column in a row
 -num_keys <arg>                 The number of keys to read/write
 -num_regions_per_server <arg>   Desired number of regions per region server. Defaults to 5.
 -num_tables <arg>               A positive integer number. When a number n is speicfied, load test tool  will load n
                                 table parallely. -tn parameter value becomes table name prefix. Each table name is in
                                 format <tn>_1...<tn>_n
 -read <arg>                     <verify_percent>[:<#threads=20>]
 -reader <arg>                   The class for executing the read requests
 -region_replica_id <arg>        Region replica id to do the reads from
 -region_replication <arg>       Desired number of replicas per region
 -regions_per_server <arg>       A positive integer number. When a number n is specified, load test tool will create the
                                 test table with n regions per server
 -skip_init                      Skip the initialization; assume test table already exists
 -start_key <arg>                The first key to read/write (a 0-based index). The default value is 0.
 -tn <arg>                       The name of the table to read or write
 -update <arg>                   <update_percent>[:<#threads=20>][:<#whether to ignore nonce collisions=0>]
 -updater <arg>                  The class for executing the update requests
 -write <arg>                    <avg_cols_per_key>:<avg_data_size>[:<#threads=20>]
 -writer <arg>                   The class for executing the write requests
 -zk <arg>                       ZK quorum as comma-separated host names without port numbers
 -zk_root <arg>                  name of parent znode in zookeeper