Windows 10下搭建以太坊私有链环境

Posted 2021-02-11 taoweizhong

通过网上的资料，结合自己的搭建的eth环境，希望能对大家搭建区块链环境有所帮助了解。下面开始进入准备。

本次是windows环境下的私有链环境搭建，所以需要做以下准备：

1.win10系统（家庭版），64位

2.以太坊钱包Ethereum-Wallet-win64-0-10-0（我用的版本0.10.0）

3.以太坊geth客户端(我用的是1.4.11版）

1.1 安装geth

Windows要求必须是64位系统，从官方网站下载编译好的win64客户端，下载解压后只有一个Geth.exe，运行安装即可。

安装后用cmd命令打开命令行，进入到你安装geth的目录下，输入geth –help 命令，如果输出关于geth的信息如下图则说明安装成功。

D:Studygeth>geth -help

NAME:

   geth - the go-ethereum command line interface

USAGE:

   geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]

VERSION:

   1.4.11-stable

 

1.1.1 配置创世块

配置自己的创世块是为了区分公有链，同一个网络中，创世块必须是一样的，否则无法联通。在刚刚Geth安装目录下放置初始化创世块文件名字为genesis.json，文件内容如下：

{

    "config": {

        "chainId": 7878,

        "homesteadBlock": 0,

        "eip155Block": 0,

        "eip158Block": 0

    },

    "difficulty": "200",

    "gasLimit": "4294967295",

    "alloc": {

        "7df9a875a174b3bc565e6424a0050ebc1b2d1d82": { "balance": "300000" },

        "f41c74c9ae680c1aa78f42e5647a62f353b7bdde": { "balance": "400000" }

    }

}

参数说明：

备

 

1.1.2 初始化私有链节点

执行geth的init命令初始化私链节点：

 D:Studygeth>geth --datadir .data init private.json

I0301 22:59:16.676485 ethdb/database.go:82] Alloted 16MB cache and 16 file handles to datachaindata

I0301 22:59:16.717405 cmd/geth/main.go:299] successfully wrote genesis block and/or chain rule set: f26adf7a562fc8c4cc60e31d2ac6dad88d57e52c4b38e9fd7337b580e90f025c

这会在当前目录下创建data目录，用来保存区块数据及账户信息。

 

1.1.3 启动私有链节点

执行如下命令：

D:Studygeth>geth --rpc --datadir .data --networkid 7878 console

D:Studygeth>geth --rpc --rpcapi "eth,net,web3,personal" --datadir .data --networkid 7878 console

I0301 22:59:41.986822 ethdb/database.go:82] Alloted 128MB cache and 1024 file handles to datachaindata

I0301 22:59:42.044666 ethdb/database.go:169] closed db:datachaindata

I0301 22:59:42.044666 cmd/utils/flags.go:592] WARNING: No etherbase set and no accounts found as default

I0301 22:59:42.046660 ethdb/database.go:82] Alloted 128MB cache and 1024 file handles to datachaindata

I0301 22:59:42.066609 eth/backend.go:621] upgrading db log bloom bins

I0301 22:59:42.066609 eth/backend.go:629] upgrade completed in 0

I0301 22:59:42.066609 ethdb/database.go:82] Alloted 16MB cache and 16 file handles to datadapp

I0301 22:59:42.074587 eth/backend.go:172] Protocol Versions: [63 62], Network Id: 7878

I0301 22:59:42.074587 eth/backend.go:201] Blockchain DB Version: 3

I0301 22:59:42.074587 core/blockchain.go:206] Last header: #0 [f26adf7a…] TD=200

I0301 22:59:42.075584 core/blockchain.go:207] Last block: #0 [f26adf7a…] TD=200

I0301 22:59:42.075584 core/blockchain.go:208] Fast block: #0 [f26adf7a…] TD=200

I0301 22:59:42.076581 p2p/server.go:313] Starting Server

I0301 22:59:44.140065 p2p/discover/udp.go:217] Listening, enode://c33036ee5e687263b037973b8e0a2839ae7a6c8152fd952ad52d058c3c16875bd[email protected]100.94.99.164:30303

I0301 22:59:44.141062 p2p/server.go:556] Listening on [::]:30303

I0301 22:59:44.143057 node/node.go:296] IPC endpoint opened: \\.pipegeth.ipc

I0301 22:59:44.150040 node/node.go:366] HTTP endpoint opened: http://localhost:8545

I0301 22:59:44.198928 p2p/nat/nat.go:111] mapped network port udp:30303 -> 30303 (ethereum discovery) using UPNP IGDv1-IP1

I0301 22:59:44.214865 p2p/nat/nat.go:111] mapped network port tcp:30303 -> 30303 (ethereum p2p) using UPNP IGDv1-IP1

Welcome to the Geth javascript console!

instance: Geth/v1.4.11-stable/windows/go1.6.2

 modules: admin:1.0 debug:1.0 eth:1.0 miner:1.0 net:1.0 personal:1.0 rpc:1.0 txpool:1.0 web3:1.0

 

参数说明：

 

1.1.4 账户管理

l 创建新账户

在geth控制台，使用personal对象的newAccount()方法创建一个新账户，参数为你自己选择的密码。

>  personal.newAccount(‘11111111‘)

"0x059d9cfef0ea9f8bffff395f436d7bb342858047"

> personal.newAccount(‘22222222‘)

"0x9d7aad5c92db134e58620260da9f923ccf78b7e9"

 输出就是新创建的账户地址（公钥），你的输出不会和上面的示例相同。geth会保存到数据目录下的keystore文件中。密码要自己记住，以后还需要用到。

l 查询账户

>  eth.accounts

["0x059d9cfef0ea9f8bffff395f436d7bb342858047", "0x9d7aad5c92db134e58620260da9f923ccf78b7e9"]

l 删除账户

Geth没有提供直接删除以太坊账户的命令，不过可以通过删除本地文件来删除以太坊账户，因为每一个以太坊账户对应一个文件

 D:>cd D:Studygethdatakeystore

2019/03/01  22:48    <DIR>          .

2019/03/01  22:48    <DIR>          ..

2019/03/01  22:48               491 UTC--2019-03-01T14-48-27.614861000Z--465f228819aa4f6b271ccbad6b60d472bbf34149

2019/03/01  22:48               491 UTC--2019-03-01T14-48-44.969795100Z--4b7254d0c7e7fec9a7e459fad506f7c8ef506129

l 查询账户余额

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

0

l 挖矿

没钱的账户什么也干不了，因此需要挖矿来挣点钱。 操作方式是在geth控制台执行miner对象的start()方法来启动挖矿，命令执行如下

 > miner.start(1)

I0301 23:01:24.884233 miner/miner.go:119] Starting mining operation (CPU=1 TOT=2)

I0301 23:01:24.884233 miner/worker.go:573] commit new work on block 1 with 0 txs & 0 uncles. Took 0

I0301 23:01:24.885229 eth/backend.go:454] Automatic pregeneration of ethash DAG ON (ethash dir: C:Users45014AppDataEthash)

I0301 23:01:24.888222 ethash.go:259] Generating DAG for epoch 0 (size 1073739904) (0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)

tI0301 23:01:24.888222 eth/backend.go:461] checking DAG (ethash dir: C:Users45014AppDataEthash)

rue

> I0301 23:01:25.878153 ethash.go:276] Done generating DAG for epoch 0, it took 989.9318ms

I0301 23:01:28.413715 miner/worker.go:339] Mined block (#1 / 9386c990). Wait 5 blocks for confirmation

I0301 23:01:28.413715 miner/worker.go:573] commit new work on block 2 with 0 txs & 0 uncles. Took 0

I0301 23:01:28.414718 miner/worker.go:573] commit new work on block 2 with 0 txs & 0 uncles. Took 0

I0301 23:01:29.496834 miner/worker.go:339] Mined block (#2 / 56bc0db5). Wait 5 blocks for confirmation

I0301 23:01:29.496834 miner/worker.go:573] commit new work on block 3 with 0 txs & 0 uncles. Took 0

I0301 23:01:29.497846 miner/worker.go:573] commit new work on block 3 with 0 txs & 0 uncles. Took 0

I0301 23:01:30.054354 miner/worker.go:339] Mined block (#3 / 2c125710). Wait 5 blocks for confirmation

 

等几分钟以后，检查账户余额：

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

75000000000000000000

> eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[1])

0

执行miner对象的stop()方法停止挖矿：

> miner.stop()

l 查看区块数

> eth.blockNumber

15

l 查看区块信息

 eth.getBlock(5)

 

 

l 解锁账户

在部署合约时需要一个解锁的账户。在geth控制台使用personal对象的unlockAccount()方法来解锁指定的账户，参数为账户地址和账户密码（在创建账户时指定的那个密码）：

> personal.unlockAccount(acc0)

Unlock account 0x059d9cfef0ea9f8bffff395f436d7bb342858047

Passphrase:

true

>

l 转账操作

acc0 = eth.accounts[0]

acc1= eth.accounts[1]

amount = web3.toWei(0.01)

personal.unlockAccount(acc0)

eth.sendTransaction({from: acc0, to: acc1, value: amount})

查看交易状态：

> txpool.status

{

  pending: 1,

  queued: 0

}

执行挖矿：

miner.start()

停止挖矿：

miner.stop()

查询账户1：

> eth.getBalance(acc0)

169677500000000000000

> eth.getBalance(acc1 )

10000000000000000

> txpool.status

{

  pending: 0,

  queued: 0

}

结论：转账操作只有在启动挖矿后才能生效，切记！！！！

1.2  以太坊钱包

1.2.1 启动钱包

打开ethwallet文件夹，运行Ethereum-Wallet.exe 如果右上角出现“PRIVATE-NET”则证明钱包客户端已经连接到了我们的私有节点。 

 

 

 

点击“LAUNCH APPLICATION” 
进入钱包主页面