001---CBV和restful规范
Posted xjmlove
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CBV 和 restful规范
知识点准备:
django的view
- FBV:基于函数的视图
CBV:基于类的视图
urls.py from django.urls import path from app01.views import StudentsView urlpatterns = [ path('students/ ',StudentsView.as_view()), ] views.py from django.views import View from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse class StudentsView(View): def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('GET 请求') def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST 请求')
csrf_token
- 原理:基于中间件的process__view()做的,用户发送get请求的时候django会给他返回一个随机字符串,下次用户发送post请求的时候,要求携带这个随机字符串,验证是否一样,
- 免除:
csrf_exempt
- 验证:
csrf_protect
- 为什么不写在process__request()里面?
因为它中间件要判断视图函数有没有加免除或者验证的装饰器,如果在request里面,他无法获取哪些视图函数加了装饰器。
# 第一种:给方法加
from django.views import View
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator
class StudentsView(View):
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return super(StudentsView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('GET')
return HttpResponse('GET请求')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('POST请求')
# 第二种:给类加
@method_decorator(csrf_exempt,name='dispatch')
class TeachersView(View):
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print('GET')
return HttpResponse('GET请求')
def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
return HttpResponse('POST请求')
CBV源码剖析
- FBV 和 CBV
基于反射实现根据请求方式不同,执行不同的方法
原理:- 路由 cls.as_view()-->view()-->self.dispatch()-->反射
- 视图:get post delete put……
- 流程
class StudentsView(View): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # return HttpResponse('dispath') func = getattr(self,request.method.lower()) return func(request, *args, **kwargs) def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('GET请求') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST请求') def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('DELETE请求') def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs): return HttpResponse('PUT请求')
- 继承(多个类共用的功能,避免重复编写)
class MyBaseView(object): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print('before') func = super(MyBaseView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) print('after') return func class StudentsView(MyBaseView, View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print('GET') return HttpResponse('GET请求') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('POST请求') def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('DELETE请求') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('PUT请求')
restful规范
十条规范
- API与用户的通信协议:https
- 域名:
- URL方式:www.abc.com/api/
- 子域名方式(存在跨域问题) :www.abc.com www.api.abc.com
- 版本:www.abc.com/api/v1/
- 面向资源(视网络上的任何数据为资源,均使用名词、可复数):www.abc.com/api/v1/order/
- 过滤,通过url传递搜索条件
- 根据method不同进行不同的操作
from django.urls import path from app01.views import OrderView urlpatterns = [ path('order/',OrderView.as_view()), ] class OrderView(View): def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('获取订单') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('创建订单') def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('删除订单') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('更新订单')
- 状态码
- 错误处理
- 返回结果
- 返回结果中就是url
django rest_framework
- 安装:pip install djangorestframework
- 使用
认证
```python
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.exceptions import AuthenticationFailedclass MyAuthentication(object): def authenticate(self, request): token = request._request.GET.get('token') # 可以做用户名密码验证 if not token: raise AuthenticationFailed('认证失败') return (1, 2) def authenticate_header(self, request): pass class DogView(APIView): authentication_classes = [MyAuthentication] def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('获取小狗') def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('创建小狗') def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('删除小狗') def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return HttpResponse('更新小狗')
```
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