Delphi : keydown与keypress的区别,组合键
Posted jijm123
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Shift 是一个集合变量。 type TShiftState = set of (ssShift, ssAlt, ssCtrl, ssLeft, ssRight, ssMiddle, ssDouble); 也就是说TShiftstate类型有ssShift, ssAlt, ssCtrl, ssLeft（鼠标左键）, ssRight（鼠标右键）, ssMiddle（鼠标中键）, ssDouble (鼠标双击) Value Meaning ssShift The Shift key is held down. ssAlt The Alt key is held down. ssCtrl The Ctrl key is held down. ssLeft The left mouse button is held down. ssRight The right mouse button is held down. ssMiddle The middle mouse button is held down. ssDouble The mouse was double-clicked. 用来判断组合键中是否用shift、Ctrl、鼠标左键、右键、中键、双击事件。 Delphi中一些常用的组合键值 CTRL+A:#1 CTRL+B:#2 CTRL+C:#3 CTRL+D:#4 CTRL+E:#5 CTRL+F:#6 CTRL+G:#7 CTRL+H:#8 CTRL+I:#9 CTRL+J:#10 CTRL+K:#11 CTRL+L:#12 CR:#13 CTRL+N:#14 CTRL+O:#15 CTRL+P:#16 CTRL+Q:#17 CTRL+R:#18 CTRL+S:#19 CTRL+T:#20 CTRL+U:#21 CTRL+V:#22 CTRL+W:#23 CTRL+X:#24 CTRL+Y:#25 CTRL+Z:#26 ESC:#27 CTRL+:#28 CTRL+]:#29 SHIFT+CTRL+-:#30 DEL:#127 一般用在keydown、keyup、keypress事件中。 OnKeyDown和OnKeyUp事件中的Key是Word型的，表示用户按的是键盘上的哪个键，OnKeyPress中的Key是Char型，表示用户输入什么字符。一个产生8位(char)常规健值，一个产生16位(word)功能健健值。 1.KeyPress主要用来捕获数字(注意：包括Shift+数字的符号)、字母（注意：包括大小写）、小键盘等除了F1-12、SHIFT、Alt、Ctrl、Insert、Home、PgUp、Delete、End、PgDn、ScrollLock、Pause、NumLock、{菜单键}、{开始键}和方向键外的ANSI字符，KeyDown和KeyUp 通常可以捕获键盘除了PrScrn所有按键(这里不讨论特殊键盘的特殊键） 2.KeyPress 只能捕获单个字符 KeyDown 和KeyUp 可以捕获组合键。 3.KeyPress 可以捕获单个字符的大小写 4.KeyDown和KeyUp 对于单个字符捕获的KeyValue 都是一个值，也就是不能判断单个字符的大小写。 5.KeyPress 不区分小键盘和主键盘的数字字符。 KeyDown 和KeyUp 区分小键盘和主键盘的数字字符。 6.其中PrScrn 按键KeyPress、KeyDown和KeyUp 都不能捕获。 keydown是键盘按下任何键 keypress是键盘按下任何数字键和任何字母键 keydown 与keypress的声明格式差别很大 1 onkeydown事件 type TKeyEvent = procedure (Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState) of object; property OnKeyDown: TKeyEvent; 该事件在有任何键按下的时候，就发生。看！它响应的是Word类型，还能识别Shift键状态 2 onkeypress事件 type TKeyPressEvent = procedure (Sender: TObject; var Key: Char) of object; property OnKeyPress: TKeyPressEvent; 该事件响应的是字符类型Char，只能识别ASCII码，不能识别组合键和控制键和功能键。按下功能键、控制键不产生该事件，但产生OnkeyDown事件。 TWinControl与键盘相关的3个事件如下： OnKeyDown：键按下 OnKeyPress：有Ascii字符产生 OnKeyUp：键放开 其中OnKeyDown、OnKeyUp对任何按键都有响应，传入参数为 var Key: Word 键的扫描值 Shift: TShiftState 表示控制键状态，包括键盘上的Ctrl、Shift、Alt和鼠标的左、中、右键及双击。 OnKeyPress事件只对Ascii有响应，传入参数为 var Key: Char Ascii字符 //例如F1-F10只有onKeydown有反应 另外TWincontrol. KeyPreview:Boolean属性确定控件是否在子控件之前处理按键。 比如说enter键, onkeypress事件 if key=#13 then //当你按下enter键时触发该事件 do something onkeydown事件 if key=13 then //当你按下enter键时触发该事件 do something 其中所有的KeyDown事件里面应该用如下判断： if Key = VK_RETURN then ... 所有的KeyPress事件里面应该用如下判断： if Key = #13 then ... postmessage(self.handle,wm_keydown,vk_tab,0); keybd_event(VK_TAB,2,0,0); perform(WM_NEXTDLGCTL,0,0); SelectNext(ActiveControl, True, True); ... 但是显然用回车代码TAB显然不适合于BUTTON，你在它上面按回车的时候它会执行OnClick，所以不会TAB，你可以用别的键代替回车。 》》》》》》》》》》 键值 在keydown事件里面 showmessage(inttostr(key)); 在keypress事件里面 showmessage(key); 就知道了。 Form1.KeyPreview := True; procedure TForm1.FormKeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); begin Showmessage(IntToStr(Key)); end; procedure TForm1.FormKeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char); begin Showmessage(IntToStr(Ord(Key))); end; { Virtual Keys, Standard Set } {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LBUTTON} VK_LBUTTON = 1; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RBUTTON} VK_RBUTTON = 2; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CANCEL} VK_CANCEL = 3; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_MBUTTON} VK_MBUTTON = 4; { NOT contiguous with L & RBUTTON } {$EXTERNALSYM VK_BACK} VK_BACK = 8; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_TAB} VK_TAB = 9; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CLEAR} VK_CLEAR = 12; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RETURN} VK_RETURN = 13; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SHIFT} VK_SHIFT = $10; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CONTROL} VK_CONTROL = 17; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_MENU} VK_MENU = 18; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PAUSE} VK_PAUSE = 19; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CAPITAL} VK_CAPITAL = 20; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_KANA } VK_KANA = 21; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_HANGUL } VK_HANGUL = 21; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_JUNJA } VK_JUNJA = 23; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_FINAL } VK_FINAL = 24; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_HANJA } VK_HANJA = 25; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_KANJI } VK_KANJI = 25; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CONVERT } VK_CONVERT = 28; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NONCONVERT } VK_NONCONVERT = 29; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_ACCEPT } VK_ACCEPT = 30; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_MODECHANGE } VK_MODECHANGE = 31; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_ESCAPE} VK_ESCAPE = 27; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SPACE} VK_SPACE = $20; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PRIOR} VK_PRIOR = 33; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NEXT} VK_NEXT = 34; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_END} VK_END = 35; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_HOME} VK_HOME = 36; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LEFT} VK_LEFT = 37; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_UP} VK_UP = 38; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RIGHT} VK_RIGHT = 39; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_DOWN} VK_DOWN = 40; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SELECT} VK_SELECT = 41; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PRINT} VK_PRINT = 42; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_EXECUTE} VK_EXECUTE = 43; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SNAPSHOT} VK_SNAPSHOT = 44; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_INSERT} VK_INSERT = 45; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_DELETE} VK_DELETE = 46; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_HELP} VK_HELP = 47; { VK_0 thru VK_9 are the same as ASCII ’0’ thru ’9’ ($30 - $39) } { VK_A thru VK_Z are the same as ASCII ’A’ thru ’Z’ ($41 - $5A) } {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LWIN} VK_LWIN = 91; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RWIN} VK_RWIN = 92; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_APPS} VK_APPS = 93; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD0} VK_NUMPAD0 = 96; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD1} VK_NUMPAD1 = 97; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD2} VK_NUMPAD2 = 98; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD3} VK_NUMPAD3 = 99; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD4} VK_NUMPAD4 = 100; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD5} VK_NUMPAD5 = 101; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD6} VK_NUMPAD6 = 102; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD7} VK_NUMPAD7 = 103; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD8} VK_NUMPAD8 = 104; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMPAD9} VK_NUMPAD9 = 105; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_MULTIPLY} VK_MULTIPLY = 106; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_ADD} VK_ADD = 107; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SEPARATOR} VK_SEPARATOR = 108; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SUBTRACT} VK_SUBTRACT = 109; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_DECIMAL} VK_DECIMAL = 110; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_DIVIDE} VK_DIVIDE = 111; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F1} VK_F1 = 112; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F2} VK_F2 = 113; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F3} VK_F3 = 114; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F4} VK_F4 = 115; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F5} VK_F5 = 116; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F6} VK_F6 = 117; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F7} VK_F7 = 118; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F8} VK_F8 = 119; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F9} VK_F9 = 120; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F10} VK_F10 = 121; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F11} VK_F11 = 122; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F12} VK_F12 = 123; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F13} VK_F13 = 124; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F14} VK_F14 = 125; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F15} VK_F15 = 126; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F16} VK_F16 = 127; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F17} VK_F17 = 128; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F18} VK_F18 = 129; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F19} VK_F19 = 130; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F20} VK_F20 = 131; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F21} VK_F21 = 132; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F22} VK_F22 = 133; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F23} VK_F23 = 134; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_F24} VK_F24 = 135; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NUMLOCK} VK_NUMLOCK = 144; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_SCROLL} VK_SCROLL = 145; { VK_L & VK_R - left and right Alt, Ctrl and Shift virtual keys. Used only as parameters to GetAsyncKeyState() and GetKeyState(). No other API or message will distinguish left and right keys in this way. } {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LSHIFT} VK_LSHIFT = 160; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RSHIFT} VK_RSHIFT = 161; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LCONTROL} VK_LCONTROL = 162; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RCONTROL} VK_RCONTROL = 163; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_LMENU} VK_LMENU = 164; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_RMENU} VK_RMENU = 165; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PROCESSKEY} VK_PROCESSKEY = 229; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_ATTN} VK_ATTN = 246; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_CRSEL} VK_CRSEL = 247; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_EXSEL} VK_EXSEL = 248; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_EREOF} VK_EREOF = 249; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PLAY} VK_PLAY = 250; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_ZOOM} VK_ZOOM = 251; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_NONAME} VK_NONAME = 252; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_PA1} VK_PA1 = 253; {$EXTERNALSYM VK_OEM_CLEAR} VK_OEM_CLEAR = 254; ：），其实不用记，你不是用delphi吗，在ide里面输入vk_f1总会吧，然后按住ctrl键 单击刚才你输入的vk_f1，就会出来啦！ 至于key:char的值，就是key:word的ascII码，你可以看chr(vk_f1),chr(vk_enter),都可以哈！ 》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》 delphi帮助里的虚拟键值表: vk_right right arrow key vk_down down arrow key vk_select select key vk_print print key (keyboard-specific) vk_execute execute key vk_snapshot print screen key vk_insert insert key vk_delete delete key vk_help help key vk_lwin left windows key (microsoft keyboard) vk_rwin right windows key (microsoft keyboard) vk_apps applications key (microsoft keyboard) vk_numpad0 0 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad1 1 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad2 2 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad3 3 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad4 4 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad5 5 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad6 6 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad7 7 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad8 8 key (numeric keypad) vk_numpad9 9 key (numeric keypad) vk_multiply multiply key (numeric keypad) vk_add add key (numeric keypad) vk_separator separator key (numeric keypad) vk_subtract subtract key (numeric keypad) vk_decimal decimal key (numeric keypad) vk_divide divide key (numeric keypad) vk_f1 f1 key vk_f2 f2 key vk_f3 f3 key vk_f4 f4 key vk_f5 f5 key vk_f6 f6 key vk_f7 f7 key vk_f8 f8 key vk_f9 f9 key vk_f10 f10 key vk_f11 f11 key vk_f12 f12 key vk_f13 f13 key vk_f14 f14 key vk_f15 f15 key vk_f16 f16 key vk_f17 f17 key vk_f18 f18 key vk_f19 f19 key vk_f20 f20 key vk_f21 f21 key vk_f22 f22 key vk_f23 f23 key vk_f24 f24 key vk_numlock num lock key vk_scroll scroll lock key vk_lshift left shift key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_rshift right shift key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_lcontrol left ctrl key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_rcontrol right ctrl key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_lmenu left alt key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_rmenu right alt key (only used with getasynckeystate and getkeystate) vk_processkey process key vk_attn attn key vk_crsel crsel key vk_exsel exsel key vk_ereof erase eof key vk_play play key vk_zoom zoom key vk_noname reserved for future use vk_pa1 pa1 key vk_oem_clear clear key 模拟鼠标 鼠标移动(移动量dx,dy) mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE,dx,dy,0, 0 ); 鼠标在(x,y)处按下或释放 setcursorpos(x,y); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0 ); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTDOWN, 0, 0, 0, 0 ); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0 ); mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_RIGHTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0 ); 鼠标双击由两次按下与释放来模拟 键盘模拟 一般虚拟键值(VK_)由KeyDown或keyup事件得到 特殊键值 Tab--9 Shift--16 Ctrl--17 Alt--18 CapsLock--20 Esc--27 Win--91,92 NumLock--144 ScrollLock--145 按下键 keybd_event(key, MapVirtualKey(key, 0 ), KEYEVENTF_KEYUP , 0 ); 释放键 keybd_event(key, MapVirtualKey(key, 0 ), 0 , 0 ); 以上做法对大多数键有效，少数键要用到不同的值 》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》 常数名称 十六进制值 十进制值 对应按键 VK_LBUTTON 01 1 鼠标的左键 VK_RBUTTON 02 2 鼠标的右键 VK-CANCEL 03 3 Ctrl+Break(通常不需要处理) VK_MBUTTON 04 4 鼠标的中键（三按键鼠标) VK_BACK 08 8 Backspace键 VK_TAB 09 9 Tab键 VK_CLEAR 0C 12 Clear键（Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘5） VK_RETURN 0D 13 Enter键 VK_SHIFT 10 16 Shift键 VK_CONTROL 11 17 Ctrl键 VK_MENU 12 18 Alt键 VK_PAUSE 13 19 Pause键 VK_CAPITAL 14 20 Caps Lock键 VK_ESCAPE 1B 27 Ese键 VK_SPACE 20 32 Spacebar键 VK_PRIOR 21 33 Page Up键 VK_NEXT 22 34 Page Domw键 VK_END 23 35 End键 VK_HOME 24 36 Home键 VK_LEFT 25 37 LEFT ARROW 键(←) VK_UP 26 38 UP ARROW键(↑) VK_RIGHT 27 39 RIGHT ARROW键(→) VK_DOWN 28 40 DOWN ARROW键(↓) VK_Select 29 41 Select键 VK_PRINT 2A 42 VK_EXECUTE 2B 43 EXECUTE键 VK_SNAPSHOT 2C 44 Print Screen键（抓屏） VK_Insert 2D 45 Ins键(Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘0) VK_Delete 2E 46 Del键(Num Lock关闭时的数字键盘.) VK_HELP 2F 47 Help键 VK_0 30 48 0键 VK_1 31 49 1键 VK_2 32 50 2键 VK_3 33 51 3键 VK_4 34 52 4键 VK_5 35 53 5键 VK_6 36 54 6键 VK_7 37 55 7键 VK_8 38 56 8键 VK_9 39 57 9键 VK_A 41 65 A键 VK_B 42 66 B键 VK_C 43 67 C键 VK_D 44 68 D键 VK_E 45 69 E键 VK_F 46 70 F键 VK_G 47 71 G键 VK_H 48 72 H键 VK_I 49 73 I键 VK_J 4A 74 J键 VK_K 4B 75 K键 VK_L 4C 76 L键 VK_M 4D 77 M键 VK_N 4E 78 N键 VK_O 4F 79 O键 VK_P 50 80 P键 VK_Q 51 81 Q键 VK_R 52 82 R键 VK_S 53 83 S键 VK_T 54 84 T键 VK_U 55 85 U键 VK_V 56 86 V键 VK_W 57 87 W键 VK_X 58 88 X键 VK_Y 59 89 Y键 VK_Z 5A 90 Z键 VK_NUMPAD0 60 96 数字键0键 VK_NUMPAD1 61 97 数字键1键 VK_NUMPAD2 62 98 数字键2键 VK_NUMPAD3 62 99 数字键3键 VK_NUMPAD4 64 100 数字键4键 VK_NUMPAD5 65 101 数字键5键 VK_NUMPAD6 66 102 数字键6键 VK_NUMPAD7 67 103 数字键7键 VK_NUMPAD8 68 104 数字键8键 VK_NUMPAD9 69 105 数字键9键 VK_MULTIPLY 6A 106 数字键盘上的*键 VK_ADD 6B 107 数字键盘上的+键 VK_SEPARATOR 6C 108 Separator键 VK_SUBTRACT 6D 109 数字键盘上的-键 VK_DECIMAL 6E 110 数字键盘上的.键 VK_DIVIDE 6F 111 数字键盘上的/键 VK_F1 70 112 F1键 VK_F2 71 113 F2键 VK_F3 72 114 F3键 VK_F4 73 115 F4键 VK_F5 74 116 F5键 VK_F6 75 117 F6键 VK_F7 76 118 F7键 VK_F8 77 119 F8键 VK_F9 78 120 F9键 VK_F10 79 121 F10键 VK_F11 7A 122 F11键 VK_F12 7B 123 F12键 VK_NUMLOCK 90 144 Num Lock 键 VK_SCROLL 91 145 Scroll Lock键 上面没有提到的：（都在大键盘） VK_LWIN 91 左win键 VK_RWIN 92 右win键 VK_APPS 93 右Ctrl左边键，点击相当于点击鼠标右键，会弹出快捷菜单 186 ;(分号) 187 =键 188 ,键(逗号) 189 -键(减号) 190 .键(句号) 191 /键 192 `键(Esc下面) 219 [键 220 /键 221 ]键 222 ‘键(引号) procedure TForm1.Edit1KeyDown(Sender: TObject; var Key: Word; Shift: TShiftState); begin if key=VK_DELETE then key:=0; end; Delphi6.0,2000下通过Top 于在keydown中屏蔽掉除数字外的所有键 还应该允许Ctr+C/X/V，所以总结起来应该是： procedure TForm1.Edit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char); begin if not (Key in [‘0‘..‘9‘, #3, #22, #24, #8, #13, #45]) then Key := #0; end; procedure TForm1.Edit1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char); begin if (key>#57) and (key<#48) then key:=#0; end; 我想你最好将你的例程写出来。 如果是像CKEN阁下说的那样，你要将按键事件屏蔽的话，实际上应该是直接赋值： Key:=0; (注意不是Key:=#0,因为这里的Key是Word类型,在keypress事件中,key的值是Char型，就要用“#”) Good luck 在KeyDown里面就可以实现 if key=vk_numpad0 then （如果为小键盘的0键就干你想干的事情） 下面是小键盘的值 VK_NUMPAD0 0 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD1 1 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD2 2 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD3 3 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD4 4 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD5 5 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD6 6 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD7 7 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD8 8 key (numeric keypad) VK_NUMPAD9 9 key (numeric keypad) VK_MULTIPLY Multiply key (numeric keypad) VK_ADD Add key (numeric keypad) VK_SEPARATOR Separator key (numeric keypad) VK_SUBTRACT Subtract key (numeric keypad) VK_DECIMAL Decimal key (numeric keypad) VK_DIVIDE Divide key (numeric keypad) 》》》》》》》》》》》》》》》
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