从AST编译解析谈到写babel插件
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之前一直在掘金上看到一些关于面试写babel插件的文章,最近也在学,以下就是学习后的总结。
关键词:AST编译解析, babel
AST编译解析
AST[维基百科]:在计算机科学中,抽象语法树(Abstract Syntax Tree,AST),或简称语法树(Syntax tree),是源代码语法结构的一种抽象表示。它以树状的形式表现编程语言的语法结构,树上的每个节点都表示源代码中的一种结构。之所以说语法是“抽象”的,是因为这里的语法并不会表示出真实语法中出现的每个细节。比如,嵌套括号被隐含在树的结构中,并没有以节点的形式呈现;而类似于 if-condition-then
这样的条件跳转语句,可以使用带有两个分支的节点来表示。
和抽象语法树相对的是具体语法树(通常称作分析树)。一般的,在源代码的翻译和编译过程中,语法分析器创建出分析树。一旦AST被创建出来,在后续的处理过程中,比如语义分析阶段,会添加一些信息。
如何利用AST解析function ast(){},更改后重新恢复
分三步走:
- 解析js的语法=>语法树
- 遍历树(先序深度优先)=> 更改树的内容
- 生成新的树
const esprima = require(‘esprima‘);//解析js的语法的包
const estraverse = require(‘estraverse‘);//遍历树的包
const escodegen = require(‘escodegen‘);//生成新的树的包
let code = `function ast(){}`;
//解析js的语法
let tree = esprima.parseScript(code);
//遍历树
estraverse.traverse(tree, {
enter(node) {
console.log(‘enter: ‘+node.type);
}, leave(node){
console.log(‘leave: ‘+node.type);
}
});
//生成新的树
let r = escodegen.generate(tree);
console.log(r);
更改树的内容后
const esprima = require(‘esprima‘);
const estraverse = require(‘estraverse‘);
const escodegen = require(‘escodegen‘);
let code = `function ast(){}`;
let tree = esprima.parseScript(code);
estraverse.traverse(tree, {
enter(node) {
if (node.type === ‘Identifier‘) {
node.name = ‘Jomsou‘;
}
// console.log(‘enter: ‘+node.type);
// }, leave(node){
// console.log(‘leave: ‘+node.type);
}
});
let r = escodegen.generate(tree);
console.log(r);
//结果
function Jomsou() {
}
babel插件
1、ES6箭头函数`let sum = (a, b)=>{return a+b};转化为ES5普通函数
const babel = require(‘babel-core‘);//babel核心解析库
const t = require(‘babel-types‘);//babel类型转化库
let code = `let sum = (a, b)=>{return a+b}`;
let ArrowPlugins = {
//访问者模式
visitor: {
//捕获匹配的API
ArrowFunctionExpression(path){
let {node} = path;
let body = node.body;
let params = node.params;
let r = t.functionExpression(null, params, body, false, false);
path.replaceWith(r);
}
}
}
let d = babel.transform(code, {
plugins: [
ArrowPlugins
]
})
console.log(d.code);
箭头函数这样写let sum = (a, b)=>a+b;的转化
let babel = require(‘babel-core‘);
let t = require(‘babel-types‘);
let code = `let sum = (a, b)=>a+b`;
//.babelrc
let AllowPlugins = {
visitor: {
ArrowFunctionExpression(path){
let node = path.node;
let params = node.params;
let body = node.body;
if(!t.isBlockStatement(body)){
let returnStatement = t.returnStatement(body);
body = t.blockStatement([returnStatement]);
}
let funcs = t.functionExpression(null, params, body, false, false);
path.replaceWith(funcs);
}
}
}
let r = babel.transform(code, {
plugins:[
AllowPlugins
]
})
console.log(r.code);
2、class
let code = `
class Jomsou{
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
getName(){
return this.name;
}
}
`
a) 实现constructor的转化
const babel = require(‘babel-core‘);//babel核心解析库
const t = require(‘babel-types‘);//babel类型转化库
/**
* function Jomsou(name){
* this.name = name;
* }
* Jomsou.prototype.getName = function(){
* return this.name;
* }
*/
let code = `
class Jomsou{
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
getName(){
return this.name;
}
}
`
let ClassPlugin = {
visitor: {
ClassDeclaration(path){
let {node} = path;
let className = node.id.name;
className = t.identifier(className);
//console.log(className);
let funs = t.functionDeclaration(className, [], t.blockStatement([]), false, false);
path.replaceWith(funs);
}
}
}
let d = babel.transform(code, {
plugins: [
ClassPlugin
]
})
console.log(d.code);
b) 实现class的方法函数转化为原型方法
const babel = require(‘babel-core‘);//babel核心解析库
const t = require(‘babel-types‘);//babel类型转化库
/**
* function Jomsou(name){
*
* }
*/
let code = `
class Jomsou{
constructor(name){
this.name = name;
}
getName(){
return this.name;
}
}
`
let ClassPlugin = {
visitor: {
ClassDeclaration(path){
let {node} = path;
let className = node.id.name;
className = t.identifier(className);
let classList = node.body.body;
//console.log(className);
let funs = t.functionDeclaration(className, [], t.blockStatement([]), false, false);
let es5func = [];
classList.forEach((item, index)=>{
let body = classList[index].body;
if(item.kind===‘constructor‘)
{
let params = item.params.length?item.params.map(item=>item.name):[];
params = t.identifier(params);
funs = t.functionDeclaration(className, [params], body, false, false);
path.replaceWith(funs);
}else {
let protoObj = t.memberExpression(className, t.identifier(‘prototype‘));
let left = t.memberExpression(protoObj, t.identifier(item.key.name));
let right = t.functionExpression(null, [], body, false, false);
let assign = t.assignmentExpression(‘=‘, left, right);
es5func.push(assign);
}
})
if(es5func.length==0)
{
path.replaceWith(funs);
}
else {
es5func.push(funs);
path.replaceWithMultiple(es5func);
}
}
}
}
let d = babel.transform(code, {
plugins: [
ClassPlugin
]
})
console.log(d.code);
3、实现模块的按需加载
eg:
//babel-plugin-固定的前缀,放在node_module里
//babel-plugin-czq-import
const babel = require(‘babel-core‘);//babel核心解析库
const t = require(‘babel-types‘);//babel类型转化库
let code = `import {Button, ALert} from ‘antd‘`;
let importPlugin = {
visitor: {
ImportDeclaration(path){
let {node} = path;
//console.log(node);
let source = node.source.value;
let specifiers = node.specifiers;
if(!t.isImportDefaultSpecifier(specifiers[0])){
specifiers = specifiers.map(specifier=>{
return t.importDeclaration(
[t.importDefaultSpecifier(specifier.local)],
t.stringLiteral(`${source}/lib/${specifier.local.name.toLowerCase()}`)
)
});
path.replaceWithMultiple(specifiers);
}
}
}
}
let r = babel.transform(code, {
plugins: [
importPlugin
]
})
module.exports = importPlugin;
最后的测试
安装依赖:
npm antd babel-preset-env babel-preset-react react react-dom webpack webpack-cli --save-dev
测试代码:
//test.js
import React from ‘react‘;
import ReactDOM from ‘react-dom‘;
import {Button} from ‘antd‘;
测试:
npx webpack
用babel-plugin-czq-import前后的效果对比:
前:
后:
原文:从AST编译解析谈到写babel插件,欢迎star,欢迎交流。
项目地址babelPlugin
参考地址:
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