感叹号在Linux bash中使用技巧
Posted gavin11
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1. 重复执行上一条指令 !!
[[email protected] python]# ls /usr/local/ aegis bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec python3 sbin share src [[email protected] python]# !! ls /usr/local/ aegis bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec python3 sbin share src [[email protected] python]#
2. 重复执行上一条以a为首的指令 !a
[[email protected] python]# history 248 rpm -qf /usr/bin/pwd 249 rpm -ql coreutils 250 clear 251 /usr/local/ 252 ls /usr/local/ 253 ls ls /usr/local/ 254 ls /usr/local/ 255 ls -al /usr/local/ 256 vim /etc/shadow 257 ls 258 vim /etc/passwd 259 clear 260 ls 261 cp -rf ./* /tmp/ 262 ls -l /tmp/ 263 ls -l 264 clear 265 ls /usr/local/ 266 history [[email protected] python]# !rpm rpm -ql coreutils /etc/DIR_COLORS /etc/DIR_COLORS.256color /etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor /etc/profile.d/colorls.csh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /usr/bin/[ /usr/bin/arch /usr/bin/base64
3. 重复执行上一条在history表中记录号码为number的指令 !number
[[email protected] python]#history 259 clear 260 ls 261 cp -rf ./* /tmp/ 262 ls -l /tmp/ 263 ls -l 264 clear 265 ls /usr/local/ 266 history 267 rpm -ql coreutils 268 clear 269 history [[email protected] python]# !267 rpm -ql coreutils /etc/DIR_COLORS /etc/DIR_COLORS.256color /etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor /etc/profile.d/colorls.csh /etc/profile.d/colorls.sh /usr/bin/[ /usr/bin/arch
4.重复执行前第number条指令 !-number
5. 表示获得上一条命令中的最后一项内容 !$
[[email protected] python]# ls -l /usr/local/python3/bin/ /etc/passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Jan 30 17:23 /etc/passwd /usr/local/python3/bin/: total 27340 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 30 11:11 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109 Jan 30 11:11 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 225 Jan 30 12:07 chardetect -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 250 Jan 30 11:11 easy_install-3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 30 11:11 idle3 -> idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107 Jan 30 11:11 idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jan 30 11:11 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jan 30 11:11 pip3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 30 11:11 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92 Jan 30 11:11 pydoc3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jan 30 11:11 python3 -> python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13978072 Jan 30 11:10 python3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 30 11:11 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13978072 Jan 30 11:10 python3.7m -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3105 Jan 30 11:11 python3.7m-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Jan 30 11:11 python3-config -> python3.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 30 11:11 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 449 Jan 30 11:11 pyvenv-3.7 [[email protected] python]# cat !$ cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
6. 表示获得上一条命令中的第一个参数 ！^
[[email protected] python]# [[email protected] python]# ls -l /usr/local/python3/bin/ /etc/passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Jan 30 17:23 /etc/passwd /usr/local/python3/bin/: total 27340 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 30 11:11 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109 Jan 30 11:11 2to3-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 225 Jan 30 12:07 chardetect -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 250 Jan 30 11:11 easy_install-3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Jan 30 11:11 idle3 -> idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107 Jan 30 11:11 idle3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jan 30 11:11 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 232 Jan 30 11:11 pip3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Jan 30 11:11 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92 Jan 30 11:11 pydoc3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jan 30 11:11 python3 -> python3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13978072 Jan 30 11:10 python3.7 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Jan 30 11:11 python3.7-config -> python3.7m-config -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 13978072 Jan 30 11:10 python3.7m -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3105 Jan 30 11:11 python3.7m-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Jan 30 11:11 python3-config -> python3.7-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 30 11:11 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 449 Jan 30 11:11 pyvenv-3.7 [[email protected] python]# ls !^ ls -l total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 Jan 30 18:16 1.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 998 Jan 30 21:01 2.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 Jan 30 21:15 3.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59824 Jan 30 20:53 links.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14956 Jan 30 20:59 wangping_links_2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Jan 30 20:59 wp_links_2.txt
7.上一命令除了最后一个参数 !:-
[[email protected] python]# ls -l /etc/passwd /home/python/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Jan 30 17:23 /etc/passwd /home/python/: total 92 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 Jan 30 18:16 1.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 998 Jan 30 21:01 2.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59 Jan 30 21:15 3.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59824 Jan 30 20:53 links.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14956 Jan 30 20:59 wangping_links_2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32 Jan 30 20:59 wp_links_2.txt [[email protected] python]# !:- ls -l /etc/passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Jan 30 17:23 /etc/passwd [[email protected] python]#
8.上一条命令中的所有参数 !*
[[email protected] python]# [[email protected] python]# ls /etc/passwd /home/python/1.py /etc/passwd /home/python/1.py [[email protected] python]# ls -l !* ls -l /etc/passwd /home/python/1.py -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1159 Jan 30 17:23 /etc/passwd -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 958 Jan 30 18:16 /home/python/1.py [[email protected] python]#
9.使用上条命令指定的参数 ![命令名]:[参数号]
$ cp -rf dira dirb/ #将dira拷贝到dirb $ ls -l !cp:2 #查看dira的内容 ls -l dira total 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 hyb hyb 0 Jan 20 16:18 barfile
10. 用Ctrl + r 组合键来进入历史搜索模式在history表中查询某条过往指令，找到需要重复执行的命令后，按回车键即可重复命令参数(即上一点中的第5条)
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