实验自动化安装

Posted 2021-02-07

让电脑自动完成安装，我们要把分区、root口令等告诉电脑，我们用一个（应答文件的文本文件）将设置写入其中，让安装向导找到该应答文件即可自动安装。
准备素材：centos7、centos7mini(最小化安装版本)

##### A、[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
此文件anaconda-ks.cfg为记录了我们是如何安装系统的。
##### B、将网卡配置文件的  onboot  改为  yes
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=bd070b36-c892-43b7-a8c8-d179b44c1d3c
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
~            
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart network

##### C、主机 centos7 ssh上远程的 centos7mini
[[email protected] ~]# ssh 192.168.58.133
[email protected]‘s password: 
Last login: Wed Jan 30 12:49:40 2019 from 192.168.58.1
[[email protected] ~]# scp anaconda-ks.cfg  192.168.58.254:/data
[email protected]‘s password: 
anaconda-ks.cfg                100% 1421   120.3KB/s   00:00    
[[email protected] ~]# exit
logout
Connection to 192.168.58.133 closed.
此处是将 anaconda-ks.cfg 文件拷贝到主机上

##### D、我们可以把 anaconda-ks.cf 文件当做最小化安装的模板。如下：
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data
[[email protected] data]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  hallo.sh  magedu.pubkey
[[email protected] data]# vim anaconda-ks.cfg 
#version=DEVEL                                                   
# System authorization information
auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use CDROM installation media
cdrom
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us‘
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8

# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network  --hostname=localhost.localdomain

# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $6$V2eP8pESlfKIToP8$NVcSm0geeSV4X1cd1lccrs9FAdK1rbj6EczSviVmoz75Znj5GaI.qY7jA0H1dmbh.hsI2ZIHtaR3Ko0/Xku9B1
# System services
services --disabled="chronyd"
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
"anaconda-ks.cfg" 48L, 1421C                   1,1           Top

##### E、此时我们要先安装图像界面的文件，如下：
[[email protected] data]# yum install system-config-kickstart
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                      | 3.6 kB     00:00     
epel                                      | 4.7 kB     00:00     
(1/2): epel/updateinfo                      | 954 kB   00:00     
(2/2): epel/primary_db                      | 6.6 MB   00:01     
Dependency Installed:
  gnome-python2.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7                           
  gnome-python2-canvas.x86_64 0:2.28.1-14.el7                    
  libart_lgpl.x86_64 0:2.3.21-10.el7                             
  libgnomecanvas.x86_64 0:2.30.3-8.el7                           
  rarian.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7                                   
  rarian-compat.x86_64 0:0.8.1-11.el7                            
  system-config-date.noarch 0:1.10.6-3.el7.centos                
  system-config-date-docs.noarch 0:1.0.11-4.el7                  
  system-config-keyboard.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7                    
  system-config-keyboard-base.noarch 0:1.4.0-5.el7               
  system-config-language.noarch 0:1.4.0-9.el7                    
  usermode-gtk.x86_64 0:1.111-5.el7                              

Complete!

##### F、我们可以利用网络，搭建一个网络服务器，按照httpd的做法，

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql httpd
/etc/httpd
/etc/httpd/conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d
/etc/httpd/conf.d/README
/etc/httpd/conf.d/autoindex.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/userdir.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-base.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-dav.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-lua.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-mpm.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-systemd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/01-cgi.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
/etc/httpd/conf/magic
/var/www
/var/www/cgi-bin
/var/www/html
将httpd服务启动起来：
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]# cd /var/www/html
[[email protected] html]# mkdir centos/{6,7}/os/x86_64/ -pv
[[email protected] html]# tree
.
├── app
│?? ├── 6
│?? │?? └── x86_64
│?? └── 7
│?? └── x86_64
└── centos
├── 6
│?? └── os
│?? └── x86_64
└── 7
└── os
└── x86_64

12 directories, 0 files
[[email protected] html]# mount /dev/sr0 centos/7/os/x86_64/
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

##### G、此时，我们可以去互联网访问主机了，如下：

http://192.168.58.254/centos/7/

Index of /centos/7

[ICO]   Name    Last modified   Size    Description
[PARENTDIR] Parent Directory        -    
[DIR]   os/ 2019-01-05 14:39    -    
我们输入如下命令：
[[email protected] ~]# system-config-kickstart
这是图形界面，我们可以在弹出的页面中设置文件

##### H、我们把centos7mini里的文件拷贝到centos7 上
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data
[[email protected] data]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  hallo.sh  magedu.pubkey
[[email protected] data]# mkdir /var/www/html/ks/; cp anaconda-ks.cfg /var/www/html/ks/centos7-mini.cfg

##### L、我们进入ks文件中查看
[[email protected] data]# cd /var/www/html/ks
[[email protected] ks]# ls
centos7-mini.cfg
[[email protected] ks]# ll
total 4
-rw------- 1 root root 1421 Jan 30 22:10 centos7-mini.cfg
[[email protected] ks]# chmod a+r centos7-mini.cfg 
[[email protected] ks]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1421 Jan 30 22:10 centos7-mini.cfg
效果如下：

http://192.168.58.254/ks/centos7-mini.cfg

#version=DEVEL

System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

Use CDROM installation media

cdrom

Use graphical install

graphical

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable
ignoredisk --only-use=sda

Keyboard layouts

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us‘

System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=off --ipv6=auto --no-activate
network --hostname=localhost.localdomain

Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $6$V2eP8pESlfKIToP8$NVcSm0geeSV4X1cd1lccrs9FAdK1rbj6EczSviVmoz75Znj5GaI.qY7jA0H1dmbh.hsI2ZIHtaR3Ko0/Xku9B1

System services

services --disabled="chronyd"

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
user --name=wang --password=$6$5MKCrWhZLuuC30QZ$X7fRD6I.5TrvmUNm4tDS6TmTZua/uer6Sn2EzXBv/Bk307pkanOOn9pyilJxT/cs9jxpXMBnAzHChvgPbb8Qe. --iscrypted --gecos="wang"

System bootloader configuration

bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
autopart --type=lvm

Partition clearing information

clearpart --none --initlabel

%packagesbr/>@^minimal
@core
kexec-tools

%end

%addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb=‘auto‘

%end
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
%end

##### H、接下来，我们在字符界面中配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# system-config-kickstart 
Xlib:  extension "RANDR" missing on display "localhost:11.0".
/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/kickstartGui.py:104: GtkWarning: GtkSpinButton: setting an adjustment with non-zero page size is deprecated
  xml = gtk.glade.XML ("/usr/share/system-config-kickstart/system-config-kickstart.glade", domain="system-config-kickstart")
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
此时会出现字符界面，我们进行配置，会保存一个备份文件，设为 mini2.cfg 然后在命令行中配置mini2.cfg ,如下：

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL

Install OS instead of upgrade

install

Keyboard layouts

old format: keyboard us

new format:

keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts=‘us‘

Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $1$bd9ZrVuB$ce4e5JUDPx9sIL4chvqY4/

Use network installation

url --url="http://192.168.58.254/centos/7/os/x86_64/"

System language

lang en_US
user --name=wang --password=$6$5MKCrWhZLuuC30QZ$X7fRD6I.5TrvmUNm4tDS6TmTZua/uer6Sn2EzXBv/Bk307pkanOOn9pyilJxT/cs9jxpXMBnAzHChvgPbb8Qe. --iscrypted --gecos="wang"

System authorization information

auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512

Use text mode install

text

Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable

SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

System services

services --disabled="chronyd"
ignoredisk --only-use=sda

Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

Network information

network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33

Halt after installation

halt

System timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai --nontp

System bootloader configuration

bootloader --append="crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda

Partition clearing information

zerombr
clearpart --all --initlabel
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=102400
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2305
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=50000
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024br/>%packages
@^minimal
@core
autofs
%end

%postbr/>@core
autofs
%end

%post
mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/bak
cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo <<EOF
[base]
name=aliun-base
baseurl=http://192.168.58.254/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch
gpgcheack=0
[epel]
name=epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enable=1
EOF

mkdir -m 700 /root/.ssh
cat > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys <<EOF
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC877AA5GcfUvWTDyH/fVPhL42biDSFNvLpQgSWr2YOS5nDdCRHyiarhC9+1WBBQ0yWvpYa7HePADYzuBSwR5tk1ZljcMx+i1d6vW3nYCG2EoQea4Z9Ryo6PvLzOtRzUTvbkhc3DukxpU5CdrfEoRN6EAjfgpnr39VLDPxlCNPmyHOSohDcRufBTU522623B3c3FJ4XmbWb5f478ERbNNJfc0UWlJI2Kq82myAtY+RFQSxGElDu7a4F/W6O78qP6QGlbcK/2aBZcgmtHmjTPsCCKucnm4jEij0xOXYHxcFUS7bw23i4VRFYsxU9oVdsZ2e7lATHPMgh19R0Kl/ZQQul [email protected]
EOF

chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo ‘GSSAPIAuthentication no‘ >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
echo ‘UseDNS no‘ >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
%end

我们手动配置了zerombr 用来清空分区，part分区，yum源，ssh/authorized_keys，/etc/ssh/sshd_config等内容。
##### L、我们将新安装好的centos7mini开机，在install 7 选项处按 esc 键，会弹出：boot：输入：Linux ks=http：//192.168.58.254/ks/mini2.cfg ip=192.168.58.123 netmask=255.255.255.0
此时我们去ping192.168.58.123，若能ping通，就说明可以了，按回车键，即可进行自动安装，到此，此实验完满结束！！！