rabbitmq

Posted 2021-02-01 tjqblog

tags:

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AMQP 协议模型

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server: 又称broker，作用是接受客户端连接。

channel :网络信道：几乎所有的操作都在channel上进行。客户端可以建立多个channel，每个channel代表一个会话任务，类似于数据库的session。

message：传递的实体数据，其结构由两部分组成 properties和body，前者是对消息的设置，比如消息的优先级，延迟等等。后者就是消息的内容。

virtual host：虚拟地址，用于逻辑隔离了(类似于redis的数据库的逻辑隔离) ，是最上层的消息路由，一个v host 可以有多个 exchange 和queue ，但是对于同一个 vhost 不能有相　同名称的exchange 和queue。

exchange ：交换机作用是接受消息，根据路由键转发消息到绑定的queue。

binding : exchange 和queue之间的虚拟连接也可是exchange 与exchange之间连接，binding可以包含路由键(routing key)

routing key :路由规则

queue：也称message queue，消息队列。

rabbitmq的整体架构及消息的流转

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centos下的rabbitmq的安装

yum install build-essential openssl openssl-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel make gcc gcc-c++ kernel-devel m4 ncurses-devel tk tc xz

下载：

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/erlang/erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

wget http://repo.iotti.biz/CentOS/7/x86_64/socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm

wget www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.6.5/rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

rabbitmq与erlang版本的对应关系见官网

http://www.rabbitmq.com/which-erlang.html

rpm-ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh socat-1.7.3.2-5.el7.lux.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

如果上面第二部出现问题，可以尝试一下步骤

rpm-ivh erlang-18.3-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

yum -y install epel-release

yum -y install socat

rpm -ivh rabbitmq-server-3.6.5-1.noarch.rpm

修改配置文件：

vim /usr/lib/rabbitmq/lib/rabbitmq_server-3.6.5/ebin/rabbit.app

比如修改密码、配置等等，例如：loopback_users 中的 <<"guest">>,只保留guest

服务启动和停止：

启动 rabbitmq-server start & 或者 service rabbitmq-server start rabbitmqctl start_app

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可以看到日志存放路径日志名称默认是[email protected]主机名.log ,当然我们也可以修改主机名

停止 rabbitmqctl stop_app 或者 service rabbitmq-server stop 或者 kill -9

lsof -i:5672

管理插件：rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management （打开管控台才能访问管控台页面）

访问地址：http://116.62.220.199:15672/

密码和用户名均为 guest

可以使用rabbitmqctl 命令，来添加用户删除用户列出用户列表清除用户权限等等也可以对vhost 队列进行丰富的操作，是一个很丰富的命令。这些命令在管控台都有对应的操作。

rabbitmqctl reset 移除所有数据（须在rabbitmqctl start_app之后使用）

使用java客户端的hello world

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>

package com.bujiang.magic.rabbitmq.quickstart;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Procuder {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //1 创建工厂 
        ConnectionFactory factory =new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("admin");
        //2 从工厂获取连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        //3 通过连接获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 通过channel发布数据
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
//            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, props, body);
            //这里不指定exchange  只指定routingKey  这时mq走的是AMQP default模式  这种模式是routingKey 直接去queue里面找 找到就路由过去
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", null, ("Hello MQ"+i).getBytes());
        }
        //关闭资源
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
        //1 创建工厂 
        ConnectionFactory factory =new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        factory.setPort(5672);
        factory.setVirtualHost("/");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("admin");
        //2 从工厂获取连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        //3 通过连接获取channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        //4 创建一个队列
//        channel.queueDeclare(queue, durable, exclusive, autoDelete, arguments)
        String queueName = "test002";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        
        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
//        channel.basicConsume(queue, autoAck, callback)
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        //获取消息
        for(;;) {
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.out.println("消费端收到消息---"+msg);
            
            BasicProperties pros = delivery.getProperties();
            System.out.println(pros.toString());
            
            Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
            System.out.println(envelope);
        }
        
        //关闭资源
//        channel.close();
//        connection.close();
    }
}


先启动 消费端 创建队列，再启动生产端 生产消息。

交换机

type 交换机的类型

direct ：直连模式要求生产者的routekey完全和消费者的routekey匹配才会被接收，否则直接抛弃。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4DirectExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "direct";
        String queueName = "test_direct_queue";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";
        
        //表示声明了一个交换机
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        //表示声明了一个队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        //建立一个绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);  
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4DirectExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_direct_exchange";
        String routingKey = "test.direct";//这里的key  如果与消费者的key不一致，那么消费者将收不到消息
        //5 发送
        
        String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4  Direct Exchange Message 111 ... ";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey , null , msg.getBytes());         
        
    }
    
}

topic 模式：所有发送到Topic Exchange 的消息被转发到所有关心的routeKey中指定的Topic的queue上，#匹配一个或者多个词，*匹配一个词，比如 log.#, 可以匹配log.aa log.aa.bbb等等，而log.* 只能匹配到log.后面一个词如log.txt

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import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4TopicExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "topic";
        String queueName = "test_topic_queue";
        String routingKey = "user.*";
//        String routingKey = "user.#";//这里如果上一个user.* 使用过，然后现在使用user.#,那么这两个key将会同时存在
                                     //这显然会混淆，因此我们需要在管控台手动在queues或者exchange上解绑 
        // 1 声明交换机 
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        // 2 声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        // 3 建立交换机和队列的绑定关系:
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);  
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4TopicExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_topic_exchange";
        String routingKey1 = "user.save";
        String routingKey2 = "user.update";
        String routingKey3 = "user.delete.abc";
        //5 发送
        
        String msg = " Hello World RabbitMQ 4 Topic Exchange Message ...";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1 , null , (routingKey1+msg).getBytes()); 
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2 , null , (routingKey2+msg).getBytes());     
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3 , null , (routingKey3+msg).getBytes()); 
        channel.close();  
        connection.close();  
    }
    
}

fanout ：不处理路由键，只需要简单的将队列绑定到交换机上，发送到交换机的消息都会被转发到与该交换机绑定的所有队列上。这种模式的性能上最好的

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer4FanoutExchange {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory() ;  
        
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(3000);
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        String exchangeType = "fanout";
        String queueName = "test_fanout_queue";
        String routingKey = "jjkjkasasa";    //不设置路由键 设不设置都无所谓
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, exchangeType, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //durable 是否持久化消息
        QueueingConsumer consumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        //参数：队列名称、是否自动ACK、Consumer
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer); 
        //循环获取消息  
        while(true){  
            //获取消息，如果没有消息，这一步将会一直阻塞  
            Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();  
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());    
            System.out.println("收到消息：" + msg);  
        } 
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer4FanoutExchange {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 创建Connection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        //3 创建Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();  
        //4 声明
        String exchangeName = "test_fanout_exchange";
        //5 发送
        for(int i = 0; i < 10; i ++) {
            String msg = "Hello World RabbitMQ 4 FANOUT Exchange Message ...";
            channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, "", null , msg.getBytes());//这里的routekey 设置不设置都无所谓        
        }
        channel.close();  
        connection.close();  
    }
    
}

headers 这种方式用的比较少

durability 持久化，为true 时，rabbitmq 重启后数据依然存在

auto delete:当最后绑定到exchange 上的队列删除后，自动删除该exchange。这个与上面消费者代码的autodelete属性是相反的，当队列无任何exchange关联时，该队列自动删除

internal :这个属性基本是为false就可以了。

Message的其他属性

import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BasicProperties;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        //4 声明（创建）一个队列
        String queueName = "test001";
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        
        //5 创建消费者
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        //6 设置Channel
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            //7 获取消息
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
            BasicProperties properties = delivery.getProperties();
            Map<String, Object> headers = properties.getHeaders();
            System.err.println("headers get my1 value: " + headers.get("my1"));
            System.err.println(properties);
            //Envelope envelope = delivery.getEnvelope();
        }
        
    }
}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Procuder {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1 创建一个ConnectionFactory, 并进行配置
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 通过连接工厂创建连接
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过connection创建一个Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<>();
        headers.put("my1", "111");
        headers.put("my2", "222");
        
        
        AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                .deliveryMode(2)//2 表示持久化消息，消息发到服务器上 假设未被消费 如果服务器重启，那么消息依然会存在，如果是1则表示服务器重启 消息将会被清除
                .contentEncoding("UTF-8")//设置字符集编码
                .expiration("10000")//设置过期时间 10000毫秒 过期，如果在这时间内 没有被消费 那么消息将会被 自动的移除 
                .headers(headers)//自定义属性
                .build();
        
        //4 通过Channel发送数据
        for(int i=0; i < 5; i++){
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ!";
            //1 exchange   2 routingKey
            channel.basicPublish("", "test001", properties, msg.getBytes());
        }

        //5 记得要关闭相关的连接
        channel.close();
        connection.close();
    }
}

如何保证消息的100%的投递成功。

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幂等性：对一件事情执行X次，可能100次 1000次，不管多少次，结果都是一致的叫做幂等性。

消费端如何保证幂等性避免重复消费。(在海量订单生产的时候难免出现消息的重复投递等问题，或者网络原因导致闪断导致重发消息)。

1 唯一id+指纹码机智，利用数据库主键去重（好处:实现简单，坏处:有高并发的数据库写入瓶颈）

2 利用redis的原子性去实现 (redis缓存与数据库如何做到原子性？假设不入mysql库全存到缓存中，那么如何设置定时同步策略?)

confirm确认消息

　　生产者投递消息后，rabbitmq broker 接收到消息则会给生产者一个应答，生产者接收应答用来确定这条消息是否正常发送到broker上，这种方式是消息可靠性投递的核心保障。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 获取C    onnection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过Connection创建一个新的Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_confirm_exchange";
        String routingKey = "confirm.#";
        String queueName = "test_confirm_queue";
        
        //4 声明交换机和队列 然后进行绑定设置, 最后制定路由Key
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //5 创建消费者 
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            
            System.err.println("消费端: " + msg);
        }
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConfirmListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        //1 创建ConnectionFactory
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        //2 获取C    onnection
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        
        //3 通过Connection创建一个新的Channel
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        //4 指定我们的消息投递模式: 消息的确认模式 
        channel.confirmSelect();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_confirm_exchange";
        String routingKey = "confirm.save";
        
        //5 发送一条消息
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Send confirm message!";
        channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, msg.getBytes());
        
        //6 添加一个确认监听
        channel.addConfirmListener(new ConfirmListener() {
            @Override
            public void handleNack(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                System.err.println("-------no ack!-----------");
                //在一些情况下 比如磁盘写满 mq异常  或者queue容量到了上限
            }
            
            @Override
            public void handleAck(long deliveryTag, boolean multiple) throws IOException {
                System.err.println("-------ack!-----------");
                
            }
        });
    }
}

return消息机制

　　用于处理一些不可路由的消息，有些时候当我们在发送消息的时候 exchange不存在或者routekey路由不到指定队列我们需要去监听这种不可达的消息需要使用return listen 来统一跟踪。

　　Mandatory:如果为true，则监听器会接收到不可达消息进行后续处理，如果为false 那么对于不可达消息 broker端会自动删除。

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchangeName = "test_return_exchange";
        String routingKey = "return.#";
        String queueName = "test_return_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
        
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);
        
        while(true){
            
            Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
            String msg = new String(delivery.getBody());
            System.err.println("消费者: " + msg);
        }
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ReturnListener;
import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP.BasicProperties;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_return_exchange";
        String routingKey = "return.save";
        String routingKeyError = "abc.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Return Message";
        
        
        channel.addReturnListener(new ReturnListener() {
            @Override
            public void handleReturn(int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange,
                    String routingKey, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                
                System.err.println("---------handle  return----------");
                System.err.println("replyCode: " + replyCode);
                System.err.println("replyText: " + replyText);
                System.err.println("exchange: " + exchange);
                System.err.println("routingKey: " + routingKey);
                System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
                System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
            }
        });
        
        channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKeyError, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        //如果第三个参数 设置为false 那么将会被broker直接删除 不会被handleReturn监听
        
//        channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
    }
}

消费端的自定义监听

　　上面的所有代码中都是通过死循环来获取消息，下面我们通过自定义监听来做

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_consumer_exchange";
        String routingKey = "consumer.#";
        String queueName = "test_consumer_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //注意这里 自定义了一个监听
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_consumer_exchange";
        String routingKey = "consumer.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ Consumer Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
    }


}

消费端的限流

　　假设mq服务器囤积了上万条未处理的数据，这时我们随机打开一个客户端巨量的消息会瞬间推送过来但是我们单个客户端无法同时处理这么多的数据。rabbitmq提供了一种qos(服务质量保证)的功能，即在非自动签收(ack = false)的前提下，如果一定数量的消息未被确认签收前，则不进行新的消息消费。因此在真正的工作中基本不会设置自动签收=true；

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_qos_exchange";
        String routingKey = "qos.save";
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ QOS Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, null, msg.getBytes());
        }
        
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_qos_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_qos_queue";
        String routingKey = "qos.#";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //1 限流方式  第一件事就是 autoAck设置为 false
//        channel.basicQos(prefetchSize, prefetchCount, global);
//        prefetchSize：消息的大小限制，这里0表示不限制
//        prefetchCount：最多同时消费数量
//        global： 为true表示 channel级别，false表示consumer级别
        channel.basicQos(0, 1, false);
        //这里的auto ack 必须设置为false
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {

    //重写channel属性 ，这里必须覆盖这个属性 因为下面要用到
    private Channel channel ;
    
    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));

        //执行手动签收
//        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, multiple);
//        deliveryTag:消息标签
//        multiple：是否批量签收
        
        channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);//如果这一段代码被注释，那么消费者消费一条消息后进入阻塞状态 等待ack确认，打开则不进入阻塞状态
        
    }
}

消费端ack 与重回队列

　　nack ，对于有些未处理成功的消息，我们返回broker nack信号让其重新发消息给我们，不行则再进行几次这样的操作，直到达到我们设定的临界值N，这时我们发送ack 信号给broker，然后日志记录异常，最后人工进行补偿或者其他补偿措施。

　　重回队列，对于没有处理成功的消息，让消息重新扔给broker 让它重新给客户端发送一条消息，实际工作中一般不设置重回队列。

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_ack_exchange";
        String routingKey = "ack.save";
        
        
        
        for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
            
            Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            headers.put("num", i);
            
            AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                    .deliveryMode(2)
                    .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .headers(headers)
                    .build();
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ ACK Message " + i;
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        
        String exchangeName = "test_ack_exchange";
        String queueName = "test_ack_queue";
        String routingKey = "ack.#";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        // 手工签收 必须要关闭 autoAck 
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    private Channel channel ;
    
    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
        this.channel = channel;
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
        try {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        if((Integer)properties.getHeaders().get("num") == 2) {
            //返回nack
//            channel.basicNack(deliveryTag, multiple, requeue);
//            requeue:消费失败时是否重新回队列 将消费失败的消息加入到队列的尾端,
            channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
        } else {
            //返回ack
            channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
        }
        
    }
}

TTL

　　ttl：与redis的ttl 类似，表示剩余过期时间表示消息在队列里 xx秒内未被消费，那么消息回被自动清空。

死信队列 DLX ，非常重要

　　当一个消息变成里死信之后，它能被重新发布到另一个exchange上，这个exchange 对应的队列就是死信队列，这个队列在实际生产中是保存未被认领的消息的队列，以下情况有可能死DLX

　　　　消息被拒绝(basic.reject/basic.nack),并且requeue=false

　　　　ttl过期

　　　　队列达到最大长度

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

public class Producer {

    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        String exchange = "test_dlx_exchange";//正常交换机
        String routingKey = "dlx.save";//正常路由key
        
        String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ DLX Message";
        
        for(int i =0; i<1; i ++){
            
            AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                    .deliveryMode(2)
                    .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                    .expiration("10000")
                    .build();
            channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
        }
    }
}

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.QueueingConsumer.Delivery;

public class Consumer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost("116.62.220.199");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        
        Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        
        // 这就是一个普通的交换机 和 队列 以及路由
        String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
        String routingKey = "dlx.#";
        String queueName = "test_dlx_queue";
        
        channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        
        Map<String, Object> agruments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
        String deadExchangeName = "aaadlx.exchange";//死信队列的交换机
        agruments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", deadExchangeName);
        //这个agruments属性，要设置到声明队列上
        channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, agruments);
        channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
        
        //要进行死信队列的声明:
        String deadQueueName = "dlx.queue";
        String deadRouteKey = "#";//#表示所有的键都会被路由到这个队列
        channel.exchangeDeclare(deadExchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
        channel.queueDeclare(deadExchangeName, true, false, false, null);
        channel.queueBind(deadQueueName, deadExchangeName, deadRouteKey); 
        
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
    }
}

import java.io.IOException;

import com.rabbitmq.client.AMQP;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.DefaultConsumer;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Envelope;

public class MyConsumer extends DefaultConsumer {


    public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
        super(channel);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
        System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
        System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
        System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
        System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
        System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
    }


}

先启动消费端建立好队列，再启动生产端，此时消息正常消费

将消费端关闭，再启动生产端，这时可以发现消息正常落在正常的队列test_dlx_queue上，10秒后该消息将会从正常的队列中消失，进入死信队列dlx.queue上被其收集。

spring amqp 的api熟悉

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
            <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
            <version>3.6.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.ConsumerTagStrategy;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import com.bfxy.spring.adapter.MessageDelegate;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.ImageMessageConverter;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.PDFMessageConverter;
import com.bfxy.spring.convert.TextMessageConverter;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.bfxy.spring.*"})
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory(){
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setAddresses("116.62.220.199:5672");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        return connectionFactory;
    }
    
    //这个组件由于管理我们的控制台的 比如交换机的创建 队列的创建 及绑定信息等等
    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
        rabbitAdmin.setAutoStartup(true);//这里一定要设置为true，否则spring不会加载RabbitAdmin 这个类
        return rabbitAdmin;
    }
    
    /**  
     * 针对消费者配置  
     * 1. 设置交换机类型  
     * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机  
        FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念  
        HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配  
        DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列  
        TopicExchange:多关键字匹配  
     */  
    @Bean  
    public TopicExchange exchange001() {  
        return new TopicExchange("topic001", true, false);  
    }  

    @Bean  
    public Queue queue001() {  
        return new Queue("queue001", true); //队列持久  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding001() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue001()).to(exchange001()).with("spring.*");  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public TopicExchange exchange002() {  
        return new TopicExchange("topic002", true, false);  
    }  
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue002() {  
        return new Queue("queue002", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding002() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue002()).to(exchange002()).with("rabbit.*");  
    } 
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue003() {  
        return new Queue("queue003", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Binding binding003() {  
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue003()).to(exchange001()).with("mq.*");  
    } 
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue_image() {  
        return new Queue("image_queue", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    @Bean  
    public Queue queue_pdf() {  
        return new Queue("pdf_queue", true); //队列持久  
    }
    
    
    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }
    
    @Bean
    public SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer(connectionFactory);
        //添加监控队列
        container.setQueues(queue001(), queue002(), queue003(), queue_image(), queue_pdf());
        container.setConcurrentConsumers(1);
        container.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(5);
        container.setDefaultRequeueRejected(false);//requeue
        container.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.AUTO);// auto ack
        container.setExposeListenerChannel(true);//设置是否外漏
        container.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {//消费端标签策略
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String queue) {
                return queue + "_" + UUID.randomUUID().toString();
            }
        });
        /**消息监听
        container.setMessageListener(new ChannelAwareMessageListener() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
                String msg = new String(message.getBody());
                System.err.println("----------消费者: " + msg);
            }
        });
        */
        
        /**
         * 1 适配器方式. 默认是有自己的方法名字的：handleMessage
            // 可以自己指定一个方法的名字: consumeMessage
            // 也可以添加一个转换器: 从字节数组转换为String
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");//也可以自己直到默认监听方法，MessageListenerAdapter源码中 默认方法是handleMessage
        adapter.setMessageConverter(new TextMessageConverter());//自定义消息转换器 这样我们可以不必使用byte[]，TextMessageConverter 会为我们自动转换
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        /**
         * 2 适配器方式: 我们的队列名称 和 方法名称，指定队列的消息与被所绑定的方法处理
         * 
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setMessageConverter(new TextMessageConverter());
        Map<String, String> queueOrTagToMethodName = new HashMap<>();
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("queue001", "method1");
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("queue002", "method2");
        adapter.setQueueOrTagToMethodName(queueOrTagToMethodName);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);        
        */
        
        // 1.1 支持json格式的转换器 对应testSendJsonMessage方法
        /**
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        
        
        // 1.2 DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper & Jackson2JsonMessageConverter 支持java对象转换
        /**对应 testSendJavaMessage方法
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        
        DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);
        
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        
        //1.3 DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper & Jackson2JsonMessageConverter 支持java对象多映射转换
        //根据自定义标签 来转换java对象 对应testSendMappingMessage测试方法
        /**
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
        
        Map<String, Class<?>> idClassMapping = new HashMap<String, Class<?>>();
        idClassMapping.put("order", com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order.class);
        idClassMapping.put("packaged", com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged.class);
        
        javaTypeMapper.setIdClassMapping(idClassMapping);
        
        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);
        adapter.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        */
        
        //1.4 ext convert
        
        MessageListenerAdapter adapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageDelegate());
        adapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("consumeMessage");
        
        //全局的转换器: 一个大的转换器  对应 testSendExtConverterMessage方法
        ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter convert = new ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter();
        
        TextMessageConverter textConvert = new TextMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("html/text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("xml/text", textConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("text/plain", textConvert);
        
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jsonConvert = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("json", jsonConvert);
        convert.addDelegate("application/json", jsonConvert);
        
        ImageMessageConverter imageConverter = new ImageMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("image/png", imageConverter);
        convert.addDelegate("image", imageConverter);
        
        PDFMessageConverter pdfConverter = new PDFMessageConverter();
        convert.addDelegate("application/pdf", pdfConverter);
        
        
        adapter.setMessageConverter(convert);
        container.setMessageListener(adapter);
        
        return container;
        
    }
}

import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.AmqpException;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessagePostProcessor;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin;
    
    @Test
    public void testAdmin() throws Exception {
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("test.direct", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange("test.topic", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new FanoutExchange("test.fanout", false, false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.direct.queue", false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false));
        
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false));
        
        //直连绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding("test.direct.queue",
                Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,
                "test.direct", "direct", new HashMap<>()));
        
        //topic 绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                .bind(new Queue("test.topic.queue", false))        //直接创建队列 ,前面已经创建队列 这里再创建不会影响
                .to(new TopicExchange("test.topic", false, false))    //直接创建交换机 建立关联关系
                .with("user.#"));    //指定路由Key
        
        //fanout绑定
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(
                BindingBuilder
                .bind(new Queue("test.fanout.queue", false))        
                .to(new FanoutExchange("test.fanout", false, false)));
        
        //清空队列数据
        rabbitAdmin.purgeQueue("test.topic.queue", false);
    }
    
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("desc", "信息描述..");
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("type", "自定义消息类型..");
        Message message = new Message("Hello RabbitMQ".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", message, new MessagePostProcessor() {
            //发送前 可以修改消息
            @Override
            public Message postProcessMessage(Message message) throws AmqpException {
                System.err.println("------添加额外的设置---------");
                message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("desc", "额外修改的信息描述");
                message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().put("attr", "额外新加的属性");
                return message;
            }
        });
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage2() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
        Message message = new Message("mq 消息1234".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);
        
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic001", "spring.amqp", "hello object message send!");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topic002", "rabbit.abc", "hello object message send!");
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMessage4Text() throws Exception {
        //1 创建消息
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
        Message message = new Message("mq 消息1234".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.abc", message);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic002", "rabbit.abc", message);
    }
    
    
    @Test
    public void testSendJsonMessage() throws Exception {
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("消息订单");
        order.setContent("描述信息");
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(json.getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendJavaMessage() throws Exception {
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("订单消息");
        order.setContent("订单描述信息");
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String json = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        //__TypeId__ 这个值是固定的
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order");
        Message message = new Message(json.getBytes(), messageProperties);
        
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendMappingMessage() throws Exception {
        
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        
        Order order = new Order();
        order.setId("001");
        order.setName("订单消息");
        order.setContent("订单描述信息");
        
        String json1 = mapper.writeValueAsString(order);
        System.err.println("order 4 json: " + json1);
        
        MessageProperties messageProperties1 = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties1.setContentType("application/json");
        //这里无需写类的全路径了 写标签即可
        messageProperties1.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "order");
        Message message1 = new Message(json1.getBytes(), messageProperties1);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.order", message1);
        
        Packaged pack = new Packaged();
        pack.setId("002");
        pack.setName("包裹消息");
        pack.setDescription("包裹描述信息");
        
        String json2 = mapper.writeValueAsString(pack);
        System.err.println("pack 4 json: " + json2);

        MessageProperties messageProperties2 = new MessageProperties();
        //这里注意一定要修改contentType为 application/json
        messageProperties2.setContentType("application/json");
        messageProperties2.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "packaged");
        Message message2 = new Message(json2.getBytes(), messageProperties2);
        rabbitTemplate.send("topic001", "spring.pack", message2);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSendExtConverterMessage() throws Exception {
//            byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "picture.png"));
//            MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
//            messageProperties.setContentType("image/png");
//            messageProperties.getHeaders().put("extName", "png");
//            Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
//            rabbitTemplate.send("", "image_queue", message);
        
            byte[] body = Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get("d:/002_books", "mysql.pdf"));
            MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
            messageProperties.setContentType("application/pdf");
            Message message = new Message(body, messageProperties);
            rabbitTemplate.send("", "pdf_queue", message);
    }
    

}

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Map;

import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.spring.entity.Packaged;


public class MessageDelegate {

    public void handleMessage(byte[] messageBody) {
        System.err.println("默认方法, 消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(byte[] messageBody) {
        System.err.println("字节数组方法, 消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("字符串方法, 消息内容:" + messageBody);
    }
    
    public void method1(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("method1 收到消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    public void method2(String messageBody) {
        System.err.println("method2 收到消息内容:" + new String(messageBody));
    }
    
    
    public void consumeMessage(Map messageBody) {
        System.err.println("map方法, 消息内容:" + messageBody);
    }
    
    
    public void consumeMessage(Order order) {
        System.err.println("order对象, 消息内容, id: " + order.getId() + 
                ", name: " + order.getName() + 
                ", content: "+ order.getContent());
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(Packaged pack) {
        System.err.println("package对象, 消息内容, id: " + pack.getId() + 
                ", name: " + pack.getName() + 
                ", content: "+ pack.getDescription());
    }
    
    public void consumeMessage(File file) {
        System.err.println("文件对象 方法, 消息内容:" + file.getName());
    }
}

public class ConverterBody {

    private byte[] body;
    
    public ConverterBody() {
    }

    public ConverterBody(byte[] body) {
        this.body = body;
    }

    public byte[] getBody() {
        return body;
    }

    public void setBody(byte[] body) {
        this.body = body;
    }
    
}

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class ImageMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        System.err.println("-----------Image MessageConverter----------");
        
        Object _extName = message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().get("extName");
        String extName = _extName == null ? "png" : _extName.toString();
        
        byte[] body = message.getBody();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + "." + extName;
        File f = new File(path);
        try {
            Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return f;
    }

}

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.UUID;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class PDFMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        throw new MessageConversionException(" convert error ! ");
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        System.err.println("-----------PDF MessageConverter----------");
        
        byte[] body = message.getBody();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String path = "d:/010_test/" + fileName + ".pdf";
        File f = new File(path);
        try {
            Files.copy(new ByteArrayInputStream(body), f.toPath());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return f;
    }

}

import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageProperties;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConversionException;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;

public class TextMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {

    //java 对象转message对象
    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        return new Message(object.toString().getBytes(), messageProperties);
    }

    //message对象转java对象
    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        String contentType = message.getMessageProperties().getContentType();
        if(null != contentType && contentType.contains("text")) {
            return new String(message.getBody());
        }
        return message.getBody();
    }

}

public class Order {

    private String id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private String content;

    public Order() {
    }
    
    public Order(String id, String name, String content) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.content = content;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }

    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
    
}

public class Packaged {

    private String id;
    
    private String name;
    
    private String description;
    
    public Packaged() {
    }
    
    public Packaged(String id, String name, String description) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
    
    
}

spring boot中使用 rabbitmq

生产端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=116.62.220.199:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true
spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.support.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.support.MessageBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;

@Component
public class RabbitSender {

    //自动注入RabbitTemplate模板类
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;  
    
    //回调函数: confirm确认
    final ConfirmCallback confirmCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback() {
        @Override
        public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
            System.err.println("correlationData: " + correlationData);
            System.err.println("ack: " + ack);
            if(!ack){
                System.err.println("异常处理....");
            }
        }
    };
    
    //回调函数: return返回
    final ReturnCallback returnCallback = new RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback() {
        @Override
        public void returnedMessage(org.springframework.amqp.core.Message message, int replyCode, String replyText,
                String exchange, String routingKey) {
            System.err.println("return exchange: " + exchange + ", routingKey: " 
                + routingKey + ", replyCode: " + replyCode + ", replyText: " + replyText);
        }
    };
    
    //发送消息方法调用: 构建Message消息
    public void send(Object message, Map<String, Object> properties) throws Exception {
        MessageHeaders mhs = new MessageHeaders(properties);
        Message msg = MessageBuilder.createMessage(message, mhs);
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
        //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("1234567890");
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-1", "springboot.abc", msg, correlationData);
    }
    
    //发送消息方法调用: 构建自定义对象消息
    public void sendOrder(Order order) throws Exception {
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(confirmCallback);
        rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(returnCallback);
        //id + 时间戳 全局唯一 
        CorrelationData correlationData = new CorrelationData("0987654321");//这个就是消息的id 须做到全局唯一 做补偿策略的时候 需要通过这个id来找到这条消息
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("exchange-2", "springboot.def", order, correlationData);
    package com.bfxy.springboot.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    
    public Order() {
    }
    public Order(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
}

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order;
import com.bfxy.springboot.producer.RabbitSender;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class ApplicationTests {

    @Test
    public void contextLoads() {
    }
    
    @Autowired
    private RabbitSender rabbitSender;

    private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
    
    @Test
    public void testSender1() throws Exception {
         Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap<>();
         properties.put("number", "12345");
         properties.put("send_time", simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
         rabbitSender.send("Hello RabbitMQ For Spring Boot!", properties);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void testSender2() throws Exception {
         Order order = new Order("001", "第一个订单");
         rabbitSender.sendOrder(order);
    }
    
    
    
}

消费端

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

spring.rabbitmq.addresses=116.62.220.199:5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=/
spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=15000

spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=5
spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=10

spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-2
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Exchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.QueueBinding;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.AmqpHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.Message;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Headers;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Payload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;

@Component
public class RabbitReceiver {

    
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(value = "queue-1", 
            durable="true"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "exchange-1", 
            durable="true", 
            type= "topic", 
            ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "true"),
            key = "springboot.*"
            )
    )
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws Exception {
        System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
        System.err.println("消费端Payload: " + message.getPayload());
        Long deliveryTag = (Long)message.getHeaders().get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        //手工ACK
        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 
     *     spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name=queue-2
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name=exchange-1
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type=topic
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions=true
        spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key=springboot.*
     * @param order
     * @param channel
     * @param headers
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
            value = @Queue(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.name}", 
            durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.queue.durable}"),
            exchange = @Exchange(value = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.name}", 
            durable="${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.durable}", 
            type= "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.type}", 
            ignoreDeclarationExceptions = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.exchange.ignoreDeclarationExceptions}"),
            key = "${spring.rabbitmq.listener.order.key}"
            )
    )
    @RabbitHandler
    public void onOrderMessage(@Payload com.bfxy.springboot.entity.Order order, 
            Channel channel, 
            @Headers Map<String, Object> headers) throws Exception {
        System.err.println("--------------------------------------");
        System.err.println("消费端order: " + order.getId());
        Long deliveryTag = (Long)headers.get(AmqpHeaders.DELIVERY_TAG);
        //手工ACK
        channel.basicAck(deliveryTag, false);
    }
    
    
}

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Order implements Serializable {

    private String id;
    private String name;
    
    public Order() {
    }
    public Order(String id, String name) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    
}

spring cloud stream ，非常好的组件可以实现生产端与消费端为不同类型的mq ，如生产端用rabbitmq 消费端使用kafka。其劣势是没法保证消息的100%投递，可能存在消息丢失的问题。其核心概念如下图

技术分享图片

rabbitmq 主备模式

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