requests

Posted 2021-01-27 ronle

GET请求

 1 import requests
 2 
 3 headers = {
 4     ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (Khtml, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36‘
 5 }
 6 data = {
 7     ‘wd‘: ‘码云‘
 8 }
 9 url = "https://www.baidu.com/s"
10 response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=data, verify=False)
11 print(response.status_code)
12 print(response.request.url)
13 print(response.content.decode())

POST请求

 1 import json
 2 
 3 import requests
 4 import urllib3
 5 
 6 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 7 headers = {
 8     ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; android 6.0; Nexus 5 Build/MRA58N) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Mobile Safari/537.36‘
 9 
10 }
11 query_string = input("输入你要翻译的汉字：")
12 data = {
13     ‘query‘: query_string,
14     ‘from‘: ‘zh‘,
15     ‘to‘: ‘en‘
16 
17 }
18 url = ‘https://fanyi.baidu.com/basetrans‘
19 response = requests.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
20 # print(response.content.decode())
21 
22 dict_ret = json.loads(response.content.decode())
23 ret = dict_ret[‘trans‘][0][‘dst‘]
24 print(ret)

session登录

 1 import requests
 2 import urllib3
 3 
 4 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 5 session = requests.Session()
 6 
 7 url = "https://login.m.taobao.com/login.htm"
 8 headers = {
 9     ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘
10 }
11 data = {
12     ‘TPL_username‘: "xxx",
13     ‘TPL_password‘: "xxx"
14 }
15 session.post(url=url, headers=headers, data=data, verify=False)
16 ret = session.get("https://h5.m.taobao.com/mlapp/olist.html", headers=headers, verify=False)
17 with open(‘cart.html‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
18     f.write(ret.content.decode(‘utf-8‘))

cookie登录

 1 import requests
 2 import urllib3
 3 
 4 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 5 
 6 headers = {
 7     ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘,
 8     ‘Cookie‘: ‘isg=BHx8iHc6DAlbjzjWCQinbw9ITRru3SevFeYCa1b9iGdKIRyrfoXwL_KTBc9Zclj3‘
 9 }
10 
11 ret = requests.get("https://h5.m.taobao.com/mlapp/olist.html", headers=headers, verify=False)
12 with open(‘cart.html‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
13     f.write(ret.content.decode(‘utf-8‘))

cookie生成键值对

 1 import requests
 2 import urllib3
 3 
 4 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 5 url = ‘https://h5.m.taobao.com/mlapp/olist.html‘
 6 headers = {
 7     ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘,
 8 }
 9 
10 cookies = ‘thw=cn; t=d04efea3a8fd36e76208d492e2af8f43; ‘
11 cookies = {i.split(‘=‘)[0]: i.split(‘=‘)[1] for i in cookies.split("; ")}
12 
13 print(cookies)
14 ret = requests.get(url, headers=headers, cookies=cookies, verify=False)
15 with open(‘cart.html‘, ‘w‘, encoding=‘utf-8‘) as f:
16     f.write(ret.content.decode(‘utf-8‘))

cookiejar

 1 import requests
 2 import urllib3
 3 
 4 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 5 
 6 url = "https://www.baidu.com/"
 7 headers = {
 8     ‘user-agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘
 9 }
10 response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, verify=False)
11 
12 # 将CookieJar转为字典：
13 cookies_dict = requests.utils.dict_from_cookiejar(response.cookies)
14 print(cookies_dict)
15 # 将字典转为CookieJar：
16 # cookie_dict - 插入到CookieJar中的键/值的字典。
17 # cookiejar - （可选）一个cookiejar来添加cookie。
18 # 覆盖 - （可选）如果为False，则不会使用新的jar替换jar中已有的cookie。
19 cookies = requests.utils.cookiejar_from_dict(cookies_dict, cookiejar=None, overwrite=True)
20 print(cookies)
21 
22 # 转换完之后就可以把它赋给cookies 并传入到session中了：
23 # s = requests.Session()
24 # s.cookies = cookies
25 #
26 # print(s.cookies)

url地址解码

 1 import requests
 2 import urllib3
 3 
 4 urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
 5 
 6 url = ‘https://www.baidu.com/s?word=人工智能‘
 7 
 8 ret = requests.utils.quote(url)
 9 print(ret)
10 
11 ret = requests.utils.unquote(ret)
12 print(ret)
13 
14 headers = {
15     ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘
16 }
17 response = requests.get(url, timeout=5, headers=headers, verify=False)
18 print(response.content.decode())

异常重试

 1 import requests
 2 from retrying import retry
 3 
 4 url = "http://www.youtube.com"
 5 headers = {
 6     ‘User-Agent‘: ‘Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 11_0 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/604.1.38 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/11.0 Mobile/15A372 Safari/604.1‘
 7 }
 8 
 9 
10 # 最大重试3次 异常捕获
11 @retry(stop_max_attempt_number=3)
12 def _parse_url(urls, method, data, proxies):
13     if method == ‘POST‘:
14         response = requests.post(urls, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=3, proxies=proxies)
15     else:
16         response = requests.get(urls, headers=headers, data=data, timeout=3, proxies=proxies)
17     assert response.status_code == 200
18     return response.content.decode()
19 
20 
21 def parse_url(urls, method=‘get‘, data=None, proxies={}):
22     try:
23         html_str = _parse_url(urls, method, data, proxies)
24     except:
25         html_str = None
26 
27     return html_str
28 
29 
30 if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
31     print(parse_url(url))