Zabbix4.0历史数据的持久化

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(一)背景介绍
zabbix是一个大型的分布式的监控系统,监控的范围比较广,是目前比较流行的监控系统,但是由于自身的原因,历史数据不能持久保存,如果数据库的数据大于100G左右查询或其他的速度会非常的慢,会触发很多问题,一般的zabbix历史数据会不超过一个月(按实际获得的数据比例计算),我们一般保存七天。一般为了业务的需要,往往会需要很长的历史数据来进行查看和排查问题,这就需要使zabbix的历史数据进行长久保存(不能存数据库,而可以存ES存储)。

(二)环境
zabbix:zabbix4.0.1(安装部署省略)
ES:5.5.2 (安装部署省略)

(三)具体的配置

3.1、首先修改zabbix_server.conf文件,启用历史数据的配置,具体如下:

$grep ‘^[a-Z]‘ /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf 
LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
LogFileSize=0
PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid
SocketDir=/var/run/zabbix
DBHost=localhost
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix
HistoryStorageURL=http://X.X.X.X:9200
HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text
HistoryStorageDateIndex=1
SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptrap/snmptrap.log
Timeout=4
AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
ExternalScripts=/usr

########################下边是具体的解释####################################

### Option: HistoryStorageURL
#       History storage HTTP[S] URL.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# HistoryStorageURL=
#HistoryStorageURL="-uelastic:FatPPdaiCom http://10.114.16.77:9200"
HistoryStorageURL=http://10.114.23.139:9200

### Option: HistoryStorageTypes
#       Comma separated list of value types to be sent to the history storage.
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
# HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text
HistoryStorageTypes=uint,db1,str,log,text

### Option: HistoryStorageDateIndex
# Enable preprocessing of history values in history storage to store values in different indices based on date.
#       0 - disable
#       1 - enable
#
# Mandatory: no
# Default:
HistoryStorageDateIndex=1

备注:下边是ES所支持存储的数据类型
技术分享图片

3.2、修改zabbix前端的配置文件,添加global $DB,$HISTORY;

$vim /etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php 

<?php
// Zabbix GUI configuration file.
global $DB,$HISTORY;
#global $DB;

$DB[‘TYPE‘]     = ‘mysql‘;
$DB[‘SERVER‘]   = ‘localhost‘;
$DB[‘PORT‘]     = ‘0‘;
$DB[‘DATABASE‘] = ‘zabbix‘;
$DB[‘USER‘]     = ‘zabbix‘;
$DB[‘PASSWORD‘] = ‘zabbix‘;

// Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
$DB[‘SCHEMA‘] = ‘‘;

$ZBX_SERVER      = ‘10.114.23.230‘;
$ZBX_SERVER_PORT = ‘10051‘;
$ZBX_SERVER_NAME = ‘zabbix‘;

$IMAGE_FORMAT_DEFAULT = IMAGE_FORMAT_PNG;

// Elasticsearch url (can be string if same url is used for all types).
$HISTORY[‘url‘]   = ‘http://X.X.X.X:9200‘;
#$HISTORY[‘url‘]   = ‘-uelastic:FatPPdaiCom http://X.X.X.X:9200‘;
// Value types stored in Elasticsearch.
$HISTORY[‘types‘] = [‘uint‘, ‘text‘, ‘log‘, ‘str‘, ‘db1‘];

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//如果不同类型使用不同的 ES 集群,可以按如下进行配置
#$HISTORY[‘url‘]   = [
#    ‘uint‘ => ‘http://10.114.16.77:9200 ‘,
#    ‘text‘ => ‘http://10.114.16.77:9200 ‘
#];
#$HISTORY[‘types‘] = [‘uint‘, ‘text‘];

注意的要点:
1、HISTORY[‘url‘]和HISTORY[‘types‘]被更新。
2、定义zabbix GUI全局数据源路径文件 global $DB, $HISTORY;(告诉zabbix先从数据库里读取,没有的话取HISTORY读取)

3.3、在ES上依次创建五个索引(不创建也可以,会自动创建的)

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/unit  -H ‘content-type:application/json‘  -d ‘{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "type" : "long"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}‘
$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/db1  -H ‘content-type:application/json‘  -d ‘{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "type" : "double"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}‘

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/log  -H ‘content-type:application/json‘  -d ‘{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}‘

$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/text  -H ‘content-type:application/json‘  -d ‘{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}‘
$curl -XPUT http://X.X.X.X:9200/str  -H ‘content-type:application/json‘  -d ‘{
   "settings" : {
      "index" : {
         "number_of_replicas" : 1,
         "number_of_shards" : 5
      }
   },
   "mappings" : {
      "values" : {
         "properties" : {
            "itemid" : {
               "type" : "long"
            },
            "clock" : {
               "format" : "epoch_second",
               "type" : "date"
            },
            "value" : {
               "fields" : {
                  "analyzed" : {
                     "index" : true,
                     "type" : "text",
                     "analyzer" : "standard"
                  }
               },
               "index" : false,
               "type" : "text"
            }
         }
      }
   }
}‘

3.4、在ES上查看是否生成:

$curl http://X.X.X.X:9200/_cat/indices?v
health status index uuid pri rep docs.count docs.deleted store.size pri.store.size
green open str ZTkdqhpFR9ijzTfKvtsMrQ 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open text TjY6OEGySJ2AGc1rpfOEhA 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open log qG-R2UhiQhypP9stSSodkw 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open db1 av_V5XbiSDyDdZXW0rO6aw 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb
green open .kibana JZBiyypQSRuMxRnHxOLP1Q 1 1 1 0 8kb 4kb
green open unit 2bxxvaMTTFKqTq0EDX5EjA 5 1 0 0 2.2kb 1.1kb

3.5、在kibana上创建相应的索引并查看数据。
技术分享图片
技术分享图片

就可以看到历史数据会存储到ES中去

(四)、查看是否通过db访问还是es,修改该文件(/etc/zabbix/web/zabbix.conf.php)的全局变量就可以知道访问的是mysql还是ES了。

具体可以参考官方文档(https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/4.0/manual/appendix/install/elastic_search_setup

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