class ParentClass1: #定义父类 pass class ParentClass2: #定义父类 pass class SubClass1(ParentClass1): #单继承,基类是ParentClass1,派生类是SubClass pass class SubClass2(ParentClass1,ParentClass2): #python支持多继承,用逗号分隔开多个继承的类 pass
>>> SubClass1.__bases__ #__base__只查看从左到右继承的第一个子类,__bases__则是查看所有继承的父类 (<class ‘__main__.ParentClass1‘>,) >>> SubClass2.__bases__ (<class ‘__main__.ParentClass1‘>, <class ‘__main__.ParentClass2‘>)
1.只有在python2中才分新式类和经典类,python3中统一都是新式类 2.在python2中,没有显式的继承object类的类,以及该类的子类,都是经典类 3.在python2中,显式地声明继承object的类,以及该类的子类,都是新式类 3.在python3中,无论是否继承object,都默认继承object,即python3中所有类均为新式类
class Vehicle: #定义交通工具类 Country=‘China‘ def __init__(self,name,speed,load,power): self.name=name self.speed=speed self.load=load self.power=power def run(self): print(‘开动啦...‘) class Subway(Vehicle): #地铁 def __init__(self,name,speed,load,power,line): #super(Subway,self) 就相当于实例本身 在python3中super()等同于super(Subway,self) super().__init__(name,speed,load,power) self.line=line def run(self): print(‘地铁%s号线欢迎您‘ %self.line) super(Subway,self).run() class Mobike(Vehicle):#摩拜单车 pass line13=Subway(‘中国地铁‘,‘180m/s‘,‘1000人/箱‘,‘电‘,13) line13.run()
class Vehicle: #定义交通工具类 Country=‘China‘ def __init__(self,name,speed,load,power): self.name=name self.speed=speed self.load=load self.power=power def run(self): print(‘开动啦...‘) class Subway(Vehicle): #地铁 def __init__(self,name,speed,load,power,line): Vehicle.__init__(self,name,speed,load,power) self.line=line def run(self): print(‘地铁%s号线欢迎您‘ %self.line) Vehicle.run(self) line13=Subway(‘中国地铁‘,‘180m/s‘,‘1000人/箱‘,‘电‘,13) line13.run()
#A没有继承B,但是A内super会基于C.mro()继续往后找 class A: def test(self): super().test() class B: def test(self): print(‘from B‘) class C(A,B): pass c=C() c.test() #打印结果:from B print(C.mro()) #[<class ‘__main__.C‘>, <class ‘__main__.A‘>, <class ‘__main__.B‘>, <class ‘object‘>]
isinstance(obj,cls)检查是否obj是否是类 cls 的对象
issubclass(sub, super)检查sub类是否是 super 类的派生类
高级:参考链接