王颖奇 20171010129《面向对象程序设计（java）》第十五周学习总结
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实验十五 GUI编程练习与应用程序部署
实验时间 2018-12-6
学习总结：
理论部分：
? JAR文件? 应用程序首选项存储? Java Web Start
JAR文件：
1.Java程序的打包：程序编译完成后，程序员将.class文件压缩打包为.jar文件后，GUI界面程序就可以直接双击图标运行。
2.jar文件（Java归档）既可以包含类文件，也可包含诸如图像和声音这些其它类型的文件。
3.JAR文件是压缩的，它使用ZIP压缩格式。
jar命令
1 jar命令格式：
jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files ...
2 Jar命令选项（教材581页表13-1）：
– -c 创建一个新的或者空的存档文件并加入文件。
– -C 暂时改变到指定的目录
– -e 在清单文件中创建一个条目
– -f 将JAR文件名指定为第二个命令行参数
– -i 为指定的JAR文件产生索引信息
– -m 将一个清单文件（manifest）添加到JAR文件中
– -M 不产生所有项的清单文件（manifest）
– -t 列出存档内容的列表
– -u 更新已存在的JAR文件
– -v 生成详细的输出结果
– -x 解压存档中的命名的（或所有的〕文件
– -0 只存储方式，不用ZIP压缩格式
(1) 创建JAR文件
jar cf jar-file input-file(s)
c---want to Create a JAR file.
eg: 1) jar cf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif
f---want the output to go to a file rather than to stdout.
2) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif
v---Produces verbose output to stdout.
3) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *
*---create all contents in current directory.
4) jar cv0f MenuTest.jar *
0---don‘t want the JAR file to be compressed.
(2) 查看JAR文件
jar tf jar-file
t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file.
eg: 1) jar tvf MenuTest.jar
v---Produces verbose output to stdout.
(3) 提取JAR文件
jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)]
x---want to extract files from the JAR archive.
eg: 1) jar xf MenuTest.jar copy.gif(仅提取文件copy.gif)
2) jar xf MenuTest.jar alex/copy.gif(仅提取目录alex下的
文件copy.gif)
3) jar xf MenuTest.jar(提取该JAR中的所有文件或目录)
(4) 更新JAR文件
jar uf jar-file input-file(s)
u---want to update an existing JAR file.
eg: 1) jar uf MenuTest.jar copy.gif
(5) 索引JAR文件
jar i jar-file
i---index an existing JAR file.
eg: 1) jar i MenuTest.jar
清单文件
? 每个JAR文件中包含一个用于描述归档特征的清单文件(manifest)。清单文件被命名为MANIFEST.MF，它位于JAR文件的一个特殊的META-INF子目录中。
? 最小的符合标准的清单文件是很简单的：Manifest-Version：1.0复杂的清单文件包含多个条目，这些条目被分成多个节。第一节被称为主节，作用于整个JAR文件。随后的条目用来指定已命名条目的属性，可以是文件、包或者URL。
? 清单文件的节与节之间用空行分开，最后一行必须以换行符结束。否则，清单文件将无法被正确地读取。
– 创建一个包含清单的JAR文件，应该运行：
jar cfm MyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/*.class
– 要更新一个已有JAR文件的清单，则需要将增加的部分
放置到一个文本文件中，运行如下命令：
jar ufm MyArchive.jar manifest-additions.mf
运行JAR文件
? 用户可以通过下面的命令来启动应用程序：
java –jar MyProgram.jar
? 窗口操作系统，可通过双击JAR文件图标来启动应用程序。
资源
? Java中，应用程序使用的类通常需要一些相关的数据文件，这些文件称为资源(Resource)。
–图像和声音文件。
–带有消息字符串和按钮标签的文本文件。
–二进制数据文件，如：描述地图布局的文件。
? 类加载器知道如何搜索类文件，直到在类路径、存档文件或Web服务器上找到为止。
? 利用资源机制对于非类文件也可以进行同样操作，具体步骤如下：
– 获得资源的Class对象。
– 如果资源是一个图像或声音文件，那么就需要调用getresource(filename)获得资源的URL位置，然后利用getImage或getAudioClip方法进行读取。
– 如果资源是文本或二进制文件，那么就可以使用getResouceAsStream方法读取文件中的数据。
? 资源文件可以与类文件放在同一个目录中，也可以将资源文件放在其它子目录中。具体有以下两种方式：
–相对资源名：如data/text/about.txt它会被解释为相对于加载这个资源的类所在的包。
–绝对资源名：如/corejava/title.txt
? ResourceTest.java程序演示了资源加载的过程。
? 编译、创建JAR文件和执行这个程序的命令如下：
– javac ResourceTest.java
– jar cvfm ResourceTest.jar ResourceTest.mf
*.class *.gif *.txt
– java –jar ResourceTest.jar
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Java应用程序的打包操作；
(2) 了解应用程序存储配置信息的两种方法；
(3) 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 编程技术。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1： 导入第13章示例程序，测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材585页程序13-1，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 将所生成的JAR文件移到另外一个不同的目录中，再运行该归档文件，以便确认程序是从JAR文件中，而不是从当前目录中读取的资源。
更换位置后仍可运行
l 掌握创建JAR文件的方法；
代码：
package resource; import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.net.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * @version 1.41 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class ResourceTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame(); frame.setTitle("ResourceTest"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that loads image and text resources. */ class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300; public ResourceTestFrame() { setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); //返回类，并查找带有给定名称的资源。 URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif"); Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage(); setIconImage(img); //读取文件夹内容，写入到文本区中 JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(); InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt"); try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8")) { while (in.hasNext()) textArea.append(in.nextLine() + " "); } add(textArea); } }
运行结果：
测试程序2
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材588页-589程序13-2，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解Properties类中常用的方法；
代码：
package properties; import java.awt.EventQueue; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.Properties; import javax.swing.*; /** * A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size, * and title. * @version 1.01 2015-06-16 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PropertiesTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame(); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates * the properties upon exit. */ class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private File propertiesFile; private Properties settings; public PropertiesFrame() { // 从属性中获取位置、大小和标题 String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home"); File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava"); if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir(); propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties"); Properties defaultSettings = new Properties(); defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0"); defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0"); defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH); defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT); defaultSettings.setProperty("title", ""); settings = new Properties(defaultSettings); if (propertiesFile.exists()) try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile)) { settings.load(in); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left")); int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top")); int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width")); int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height")); setBounds(left, top, width, height); // 如果没有标题，询问用户 String title = settings.getProperty("title"); if (title.equals("")) title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) title = ""; setTitle(title); //添加指定的窗口侦听器，以从此窗口接收窗口事件。 addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() { public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event) { settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX()); settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY()); settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth()); settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight()); settings.setProperty("title", getTitle()); try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile)) { settings.store(out, "Program Properties"); } catch (IOException ex) { ex.printStackTrace(); } System.exit(0); } }); } }
运行结果：
添加title的名字wyq
测试程序3
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材593页-594程序13-3，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 了解Preferences类中常用的方法；
代码：
package preferences; import java.awt.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.prefs.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.filechooser.*; /** * A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame * position, size, and title. * @version 1.03 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class PreferencesTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } } /** * A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the * preferences upon exit. */ class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame { private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200; private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot(); private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava"); public PreferencesFrame() { // get position, size, title from preferences int left = node.getInt("left", 0); int top = node.getInt("top", 0); int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH); int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT); setBounds(left, top, width, height); // if no title given, ask user String title = node.get("title", ""); if (title.equals("")) title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) title = ""; setTitle(title); // 设置显示XML文件的文件选择器 final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser(); chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File(".")); chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml")); // 设置菜单 JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenu menu = new JMenu("File"); menuBar.add(menu); JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences"); menu.add(exportItem); exportItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { savePreferences(); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); node.exportSubtree(out); out.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences"); menu.add(importItem); importItem .addActionListener(event -> { if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) { try { InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser .getSelectedFile()); Preferences.importPreferences(in); in.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }); JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit"); menu.add(exitItem); exitItem.addActionListener(event -> { savePreferences(); System.exit(0); }); } public void savePreferences() { node.putInt("left", getX()); node.putInt("top", getY()); node.putInt("width", getWidth()); node.putInt("height", getHeight()); node.put("title", getTitle()); } }
运行结果：
测试程序4
l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材619页-622程序13-6，结合程序运行结果理解程序；
l 掌握基于JNLP协议的java Web Start应用程序的发布方法。
代码：
package webstart; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; /** * A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application. * @version 1.04 2015-06-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class Calculator { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame(); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
package webstart; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.PrintStream; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import javax.jnlp.BasicService; import javax.jnlp.FileContents; import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService; import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService; import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService; import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager; import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException; import javax.swing.JFrame; import javax.swing.JMenu; import javax.swing.JMenuBar; import javax.swing.JMenuItem; import javax.swing.JOptionPane; /** * A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history. */ public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame { private CalculatorPanel panel; public CalculatorFrame() { setTitle(); panel = new CalculatorPanel(); add(panel); JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File"); JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); menuBar.add(fileMenu); setJMenuBar(menuBar); JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open"); openItem.addActionListener(event -> open()); JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save"); saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save()); pack(); } /** * Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior * entry. */ public void setTitle() { try { String title = null; BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService"); URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase(); PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager .lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService"); URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title"); try { FileContents contents = service.get(key); InputStream in = contents.getInputStream(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); title = reader.readLine(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:"); if (title == null) return; service.create(key, 100); FileContents contents = service.get(key); OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true); PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out); printOut.print(title); } setTitle(title); } catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e); } } /** * Opens a history file and updates the display. */ public void open() { try { FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService"); FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName()); if (contents != null) { InputStream in = contents.getInputStream(); BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { panel.append(line); panel.append(" "); } } } catch (UnavailableServiceException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e); } catch (IOException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e); } } /** * Saves the calculator history to a file. */ public void save() { try { ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out); printOut.print(panel.getText()); InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray()); FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager .lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService"); service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt"); } catch (UnavailableServiceException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e); } catch (IOException e) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e); } } }
package webstart; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.text.*; /** A panel with calculator buttons and a result display. */ public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel { private JTextArea display; private JPanel panel; private double result; private String lastCommand; private boolean start; /** Lays out the panel. */ public CalculatorPanel() { setLayout(new BorderLayout()); result = 0; lastCommand = "="; start = true; // add the display display = new JTextArea(10, 20); add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH); ActionListener insert = new InsertAction(); ActionListener command = new CommandAction(); // add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4)); addButton("7", insert); addButton("8", insert); addButton("9", insert); addButton("/", command); addButton("4", insert); addButton("5", insert); addButton("6", insert); addButton("*", command); addButton("1", insert); addButton("2", insert); addButton("3", insert); addButton("-", command); addButton("0", insert); addButton(".", insert); addButton("=", command); addButton("+", command); add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER); } /** Gets the history text. @return the calculator history */ public String getText() { return display.getText(); } /** Appends a string to the history text. @param s the string to append */ public void append(String s) { display.append(s); } /** Adds a button to the center panel. @param label the button label @param listener the button listener */ private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener) { JButton button = new JButton(label); button.addActionListener(listener); panel.add(button); } /** This action inserts the button action string to the end of the display text. */ private class InsertAction implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { String input = event.getActionCommand(); start = false; display.append(input); } } /** This action executes the command that the button action string denotes. */ private class CommandAction implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { String command = event.getActionCommand(); if (start) { if (command.equals("-")) { display.append(command); start = false; } else lastCommand = command; } else { try { int lines = display.getLineCount(); int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1); int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1); String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart); display.append(" "); display.append(command); calculate(Double.parseDouble(value)); if (command.equals("=")) display.append(" " + result); lastCommand = command; display.append(" "); start = true; } catch (BadLocationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } /** Carries out the pending calculation. @param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result. */ public void calculate(double x) { if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x; else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x; else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x; else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x; else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x; } }
实验2：GUI综合编程练习
按实验十四分组名单，组内讨论完成以下编程任务：
练习1：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布：
l 编制一个程序，将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中；
l 按姓名字典序输出人员信息；
l 查询最大年龄的人员信息；
l 查询最小年龄人员信息；
l 输入你的年龄，查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地；
l 查询人员中是否有你的同乡。
l 输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。
代码：
package demo1; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new Main(); frame.setTitle("身份证"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
package demo1; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Main extends JFrame { private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; private static ArrayList<Student> list; private JPanel panel; private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300; public Main() { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份证号.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province = linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误"); e.printStackTrace(); } panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); JTextArea jt = new JTextArea(); panel.add(jt); add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7)); JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序"); JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年龄最大和年龄最小"); JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老乡"); JTextField jt1 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同龄人（年龄相近）："); JTextField jt2 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("输入你的身份证号码："); JTextField jt3 = new JTextField(); JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出"); jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Collections.sort(studentlist); jt.setText(studentlist.toString()); } }); jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int max = 0, min = 100; int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0; for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { j = studentlist.get(i).getage(); if (j > max) { max = j; k1 = i; } if (j < min) { min = j; k2 = i; } } jt.setText("年龄最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年龄最小：" + studentlist.get(k2)); } }); jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String find = jt1.getText(); String text=""; String place = find.substring(0, 3); for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) { text+=" "+studentlist.get(i); jt.setText("老乡：" + text); } } } }); jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String yourage = jt2.getText(); int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage); int near = agenear(a); int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage(); jt.setText("年龄相近：" + studentlist.get(near)); } }); jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { list = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.sort(studentlist); String key = jt3.getText(); for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) { list.add(studentlist.get(i)); jt.setText("emmm！你可能是： " + list); //System.out.println("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); //jt.setText("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); } } } }); buttonPanel.add(jButton); buttonPanel.add(jButton1); buttonPanel.add(lab); buttonPanel.add(jt1); buttonPanel.add(lab1); buttonPanel.add(jt2); buttonPanel.add(lab2); buttonPanel.add(jt3); buttonPanel.add(jButton2); add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public static int agenear(int age) { int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age; if (value < 0) value = -value; if (value < min) { min = value; k = i; } } return k; } }
package demo1; public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; }
运行结果：
字典排序：
1.查询最大年龄的人员信息；
2.查询最小年龄人员信息；
找老乡：
年龄相近的人：
输入身份证信息，查询所提供身份证号的人员信息，要求输入一个身份证数字时，查询界面就显示满足查询条件的查询结果，且随着输入的数字的增多，查询匹配的范围逐渐缩小。
输入数字2时：
输入数字26时：
输入数字265时：
练习2：采用GUI界面设计以下程序，并进行部署与发布
l 编写一个计算器类，可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作
l 利用计算机类，设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序，由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题，学生输入答案，由程序检查答案是否正确，每道题正确计10分，错误不计分，10道题测试结束后给出测试总分；
l 将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件，文件名为test.txt。
代码：
package ui_test; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.*; public class MyExGUI extends JFrame { ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>(); JMenuBar jm; // 菜单条组件 JMenu menu;// 菜单 JMenuItem item1, item2;// 菜单项 JMenu build; // 二级菜单 JMenuItem file, project; TextArea answer_all = new TextArea(); TextField jta = new TextField(); TextField jta_answer = new TextField(); JLabel num_answer = new JLabel(); JLabel answer; JToolBar jtb;// 工具条 JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next; int answer_count; int answer_fenshu; public MyExGUI() { // 创建菜单 jm = new JMenuBar(); menu = new JMenu("文件(F)"); menu.setMnemonic(‘f‘); // 助记符 build = new JMenu("新建"); file = new JMenuItem("文件"); project = new JMenuItem("答题"); item1 = new JMenuItem("保存(S)"); item2 = new JMenuItem("退出"); answer = new JLabel("第 1 题"); // 添加菜单项至菜单上 build.add(file); build.add(project); menu.add(build); menu.add(item1); menu.add(item2); menu.addSeparator(); // 将菜单加入至菜单栏 jm.add(menu); JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel(); contentPanel.setLayout(null); JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案"); JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("="); num_answer = answer; num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next = new JButton("下一题"); jta.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); daan.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.BOLD, 22)); contentPanel.add(num_answer); contentPanel.add(daan); contentPanel.add(dengyu); contentPanel.add(jta); contentPanel.add(jta_answer); contentPanel.add(answer_all); contentPanel.add(jb_next); num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50); daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50); jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30); dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20); jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30); jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30); answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300); this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 添加菜单栏，不能设定位置，会自动放在最上部 this.add(contentPanel); this.setTitle("在线答题系统"); this.setSize(600, 500); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { FileOutputStream outSTr = null; BufferedOutputStream Buff = null; boolean flag = true; File file; // String test ; do { // test = "test"+count; String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name"); file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt"); if (!file.exists()) { // 创建文件 try { flag = file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } flag = false; } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "该文件名已存在，请重新输入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); flag = true; } } while (flag); // 写入文件 String u_answer; try { outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file); Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr); System.out.println("选择是后执行的代码" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size()); for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) { try { Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes()); Buff.write(" ".getBytes()); u_answer = user_answer.get(i); if (u_answer.equals("")) u_answer = "没有作答"; Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes()); Buff.write(" ".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); i--; } } Buff.flush(); Buff.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { outSTr.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } user_zongti.clear(); user_answer.clear(); } }); project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { arithmetic art = new arithmetic(); true_answer = art.list_answer; jta_timu = art.list_timu; jta_zong = art.list; answer_count = 1; answer_all.setText(""); for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) { user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i)); answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i)); answer_all.append(" "); } num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++; } }); jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { String temp; temp = jta_answer.getText(); if (jta.getText().equals("")) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误,请导入题库", "错误", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); return; } jta_answer.setText(""); if (answer_count <= 10) { if (isInteger(temp)) { user_answer.add(temp); System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size()); num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 题"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++; } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "错误", "请输入数字", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); } } else { user_answer.add(temp); System.out.println("选择否后执行的代码" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size()); answer_fenshu = 0; for (int i = 0; i < user_answer.size(); i++) { if (user_answer.get(i).equals(true_answer.get(i))) answer_fenshu += 5; } user_fenshu.add(answer_fenshu); Object[] options = { "是", "取消" }; int res = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否查看成绩", "答题完毕", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION, JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, options, options[0]); if (res == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) { chart ct = new chart(user_fenshu); ct.setVisible(true); } else { Object[] option = { "是", "取消" }; int res1 = JOptionPane.showOptionDialog(null, "是否退出程序", "终止框", JOptionPane.DEFAULT_OPTION, JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION, null, option, option[0]); if (res1 == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } else { } } } } }); item2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); } public static boolean isInteger(String str) { for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) { if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) { return false; } } return true; } }
package ui_test; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyExGUI lg = new MyExGUI(); //new MyExGUI(); } }
package ui_test; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Random; import java.util.Scanner; public class arithmetic { ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> list_timu = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> list_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); public arithmetic() { FileOutputStream outSTr = null; BufferedOutputStream Buff = null; int number_n = 10, count; ArrayList<String> list_temp = new ArrayList<String>(); String[] operator = new String[] { "+", "-", "*", "/" }; Random rand = new Random(); File file1 = new File("test.txt"); if (file1.exists()) { // 创建文件 try { file1.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } while (number_n > 0) { int[] number_temp = new int[rand.nextInt(2) + 3]; String[] str_temp = new String[number_temp.length - 1]; for (int i = 0; i < number_temp.length; i++) { if (i < number_temp.length - 1) { number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100); list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i])); str_temp[i] = operator[rand.nextInt(4)]; list_temp.add(str_temp[i]); } else { number_temp[i] = rand.nextInt(100); list_temp.add(String.valueOf(number_temp[i])); } } count = calculate_RPN(produce_RPN(list_temp)); if (count != -1) { list_timu.add(transform_string(list_temp)); list_answer.add(String.valueOf(count)); list_temp.add(" = " + count); list.add(transform_string(list_temp)); number_n--; list_temp.clear(); } else list_temp.clear(); System.out.println(number_n); } try { outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file1); Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr); for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { try { Buff.write(list.get(i).getBytes()); Buff.write(" ".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); i--; } } Buff.flush(); Buff.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } // Buff.close(); try { outSTr.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) { System.out.print(list.get(i)); System.out.println(); } System.out.print("计算完毕！"); } public static int calculate_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) { int i = 0, t; double a = 0, b = 0; String l_temp; Stack sk = new Stack(10); for (t = 0; t < list_temp.size(); t++) { l_temp = list_temp.get(i++); if (!isInteger(l_temp)) { b = sk.mypop(); a = sk.mypop(); switch (l_temp) { case "+": sk.mypush(a + b); break; case "-": if(!(a<b)) { sk.mypush(a - b); } else return -1; break; case "*": sk.mypush(a * b); break; case "/": if (b == 0||a<b) return -1; sk.mypush(a / b); break; } System.out.println("st.mytop: " + sk.mypeek()); } else { sk.mypush((double) Integer.parseInt(l_temp)); } } if (!sk.myisempty()) { a = sk.mypop(); b = a - (int) a; System.out.println("a: " + a); if (a > 0 && b == 0) { return (int) a; } else return -1; } else return -1; } public static ArrayList<String> produce_RPN(ArrayList<String> list_temp) { int t = 0, i = 0; String tmp; Tack mytack = new Tack(10); ArrayList<String> lt_temp = new ArrayList<String>(); while (true) { tmp = list_temp.get(i++); if (isInteger(tmp)) { lt_temp.add(tmp); } else { if (mytack.myisempty()) { mytack.mypush(tmp); } else { if (isCPriority(tmp, mytack.mypeek())) mytack.mypush(tmp); else { lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop()); mytack.mypush(tmp); } } } if (i >= list_temp.size()) { while (!mytack.myisempty()) lt_temp.add(mytack.mypop()); System.out.println(transform_string(list_temp)); list_temp = lt_temp; System.out.println(list_temp); return list_temp; } } } public static boolean isInteger(String str) { for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0;) { if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) { return false; } } return true; } public static boolean isCPriority(String str, String s) { if ((str + s).equals("*+") || (str + s).equals("*-") || (str + s).equals("/+") || (str + s).equals("/-")) return true; else return false; } public static String transform_string(ArrayList<String> list_temp) { String s = ""; for (int i = 0; i < list_temp.size(); i++) { s += list_temp.get(i); } return s; } static class Stack { int mytop; double stk[]; public Stack(int num) { mytop = -1; stk = new double[num]; } /* 出栈 */ double mypop() { double peek = stk[mytop]; mytop--; return peek; } /* 入栈 */ void mypush(double x) { mytop++; stk[mytop] = x; } /* 判空 */ Boolean myisempty() { if (mytop == -1) return true; else return false; } /* 取栈顶元素 */ double mypeek() { double peek = stk[mytop]; return peek; } /* 栈大小 */ int mysize() { return mytop + 1; } } static class Tack { int mytop; String tk[]; public Tack(int num) { mytop = -1; tk = new String[num]; } /* 出栈 */ String mypop() { String peek = tk[mytop]; mytop--; return peek; } /* 入栈 */ void mypush(String x) { mytop++; tk[mytop] = x; } /* 判空 */ Boolean myisempty() { if (mytop == -1) return true; else return false; } /* 取栈顶元素 */ String mypeek() { String peek = tk[mytop]; return peek; } /* 栈大小 */ int mysize() { return mytop + 1; } } }
package ui_test; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Graphics; import java.awt.Graphics2D; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Random; import javax.swing.JFrame; public class chart extends JFrame{ //绘制柱形统计图 ArrayList<Integer> ran=new ArrayList<Integer>(); public chart(ArrayList<Integer> scores) { super(); getContentPane().setForeground(Color.CYAN); setForeground(Color.CYAN); setBackground(Color.CYAN); for(int i=0;i<scores.size();i++) { ran.add(scores.get(i)); System.out.println(scores.get(i)); } setTitle("绘制柱形图"); setSize(600, 400); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); } @Override public void paint(Graphics g){ int Width = getWidth(); int Height = getHeight(); int leftMargin = 20;//柱形图左边界 int topMargin = 50;//柱形图上边界 Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; g2.setColor(Color.WHITE);//绘制白色背景 g2.fillRect(0, 0, Width, Height-100);//绘制矩形图 g2.setColor(Color.black); for(int i=0;i<=10;i++) { //绘制灰色横线和百分比 g2.drawString((100-10*i)+" ", 15, topMargin+30*i); g2.drawLine(10, topMargin+30*i, Width, topMargin+30*i);//绘制灰色横线 } g2.setColor(Color.RED); for(int i=0;i<=ran.size();i++) { //绘制柱形图 int step = (i+1)*40;//设置每个柱形图的水平间隔为40 //绘制矩形 g2.fillRoundRect(leftMargin+step*2-5,(100-ran.get(i))*3+50, 40, 300-(100-ran.get(i))*3, 40, 10); //列出测试轮数 g2.drawString("第"+(i+1)+"轮", leftMargin+step*2, 380); } } }
运行结果：
选择答题：
答题完毕后，按照提示可查询成绩：
点击文件菜单中的“保存”选项，可保存答题记录：
正确答案：
答题记录：
学习感受：
对webstart部分不太理解
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