多线程编程之Runnable与Callable区别

Posted 2021-01-25

Runnable

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Runnable {
    /**
     * When an object implementing interface <code>Runnable</code> is used
     * to create a thread, starting the thread causes the object‘s
     * <code>run</code> method to be called in that separately executing
     * thread.
     * <p>
     * The general contract of the method <code>run</code> is that it may
     * take any action whatsoever.
     *
     * @see     java.lang.Thread#run()
     */
    public abstract void run();
}

Callable

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Callable<V> {
    /**
     * Computes a result, or throws an exception if unable to do so.
     *
     * @return computed result
     * @throws Exception if unable to compute a result
     */
    V call() throws Exception;
}

相同点：
1.都是接口，都能够实现多线程编程，都需要Thread.start()来启动线程。

不同点：
1.Callable接口支持返回执行结果，此时需要调用FutureTask.get()方法实现，此方法会阻塞主线程直到获取‘将来’结果；当不调用此方法时，主线程不会阻塞！

Callable使用

/**
 * CallableImpl 简要描述
 * <p> TODO:描述该类职责 </p>
 *
 * @author ckmike
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 18-12-6 下午8:53
 * @copyright ckmike
 **/
public class CallableImpl implements Callable<String> {

    private String accept;

    public CallableImpl(String accept) {
        this.accept = accept;
    }

    @Override
    public String call() throws Exception {
        // 休眠
        TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3);
        return this.accept;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
        Callable<String> callable = new CallableImpl("my callable test!");
        FutureTask<String> task = new FutureTask<>(callable);
        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // 创建线程
        new Thread(task).start();
        // 调用get()阻塞主线程，反之，线程不会阻塞
        String result = task.get();
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("hello : " + result);
        System.out.println("cast : " + (endTime - beginTime) / 1000 + " second!");
    }
}

Runnable使用

/**
 * RunnableImpl 简要描述
 * <p> TODO:描述该类职责 </p>
 *
 * @author ckmike
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 18-12-6 下午9:03
 * @copyright ckmike
 **/
public class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {

    public RunnableImpl(String accept) {
        this.accept = accept;
    }

    private String accept;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        // 线程阻塞 1 秒，此时有异常产生，只能在方法内部消化，无法上抛
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        // 最终处理结果无法返回
        System.out.println("hello : " + this.accept);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Runnable runnable = new RunnableImpl("my runable test!");
        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        new Thread(runnable).start();
        long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("cast : " + (endTime - beginTime) / 1000 + " second!");
    }
}

写这篇文章的原因是：面试时问道Runnable与Callable的区别，平时也就用Runnable比较多，基本上没有用过Callable，所以就挂了，哈哈哈，也总结给有需要的朋友。有知道Callable接口的使用场景吗？有的话可以留意分享给我吗？谢谢了！