(项目)生鲜超市
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八、商品详情页功能
1、viewsets实现商品详情页接口
商品的轮播图是一个外键,序列化的时候需要用嵌套的方式来实现:
1 class GoodsImageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 2 """商品轮播图""" 3 4 class Meta: 5 model = GoodsImage 6 fields = (‘image‘,) 7 8 9 class GoodsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 10 # 覆盖外键字段 11 category = CategorySerializer() 12 13 # images是设置的related_name="images",把轮播图嵌套进来 14 images = GoodsImageSerializer(many=True) 15 16 class Meta: 17 model = Goods 18 fields = ‘__all__‘
商品详情页面只需要在商品列表页的接口中继承mixins.RetrieveModelMixin就可以了:
1 class GoodsListViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): 2 """商品列表页面""" 3 4 pagination_class = GoodsPagination 5 queryset = Goods.objects.all().order_by(‘id‘) # 必须定义一个默认的排序,否则会报错 6 serializer_class = GoodsSerializer 7 filter_backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter) 8 9 # 自定义过滤类 10 filter_class = GoodsFilter 11 12 # 搜索,=name表示精确搜索,也可以使用正则 13 search_fields = (‘name‘, ‘goods_brief‘, ‘goods_desc‘) 14 15 # 排序 16 ordering_fields = (‘sold_num‘, ‘shop_price‘)
现在就可以获取到某一个商品的详细数据了:
2、热卖商品接口实现
只需要在goods/filter.py中加上is_hot的过滤条件即可:
1 class GoodsFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet): 2 """商品过滤""" 3 4 # name是要过滤的字段,lookup是执行的行为 5 pricemin = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price", lookup_expr=‘gte‘) 6 pricemax = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="shop_price", lookup_expr=‘lte‘) 7 top_category = django_filters.NumberFilter(field_name="category", method=‘top_category_filter‘) 8 9 def top_category_filter(self, queryset, name, value): 10 # 不管当前点击的是一级分类二级分类还是三级分类,都能找到 11 return queryset.filter(Q(category_id=value) | Q(category__parent_category_id=value) | Q( 12 category__parent_category__parent_category_id=value)) 13 14 class Meta: 15 model = Goods 16 fields = [‘pricemin‘, ‘pricemax‘, ‘is_hot‘]
然后在后台中将商品的是否热销选为True,现在点开商品详情,最下面有热卖商品就会显示出来:
3、用户收藏接口
在user_operation下新建serializers.py文件,序列化用户收藏model的字段:
1 from rest_framework import serializers 2 from rest_framework.validators import UniqueTogetherValidator 3 4 from .models import UserFav 5 6 7 class UserFavSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): 8 # 获取当前登录的用户 9 user = serializers.HiddenField(default=serializers.CurrentUserDefault()) 10 11 class Meta: 12 # validate实现唯一联合,一个商品只能收藏一次 13 validators = [ 14 UniqueTogetherValidator( 15 queryset=UserFav.objects.all(), 16 fields=(‘user‘, ‘goods‘), 17 # message的信息可以自定义 18 message="已收藏" 19 ) 20 ] 21 model = UserFav 22 # 收藏的时候需要返回商品的id,因为取消收藏的时候必须知道商品的id是多少 23 fields = (‘user‘, ‘goods‘, ‘id‘)
然后在views.py中编写用户收藏的接口,收藏需要继承CreateModelMixin(添加收藏),DestroyModelMixin(删除收藏),ListModelMixin(获取已收藏的商品列表),RetrieveModelMixin(用于查询该商品是否被收藏):
1 from rest_framework import mixins, viewsets 2 3 from .serializers import UserFavSerializer 4 from .models import UserFav 5 6 class UserFavViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, 7 mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): 8 """用户收藏""" 9 10 queryset = UserFav.objects.all() 11 serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
注册url:
1 router.register(r‘userfavs‘, UserFavViewSet, base_name=‘userfavs‘) # 用户收藏
然后测试该接口,收藏三个商品,查看已收藏列表:
重复收藏商品会提示已收藏:
4、drf的权限验证
在utils下新建permissions.py,这个官网有实例,直接复制过来即可,把其中的owner改为user即可:
1 from rest_framework import permissions 2 3 4 class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission): 5 """ 6 Object-level permission to only allow owners of an object to edit it. 7 Assumes the model instance has an `owner` attribute. 8 """ 9 10 def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj): 11 # Read permissions are allowed to any request, 12 # so we‘ll always allow GET, HEAD or OPTIONS requests. 13 if request.method in permissions.SAFE_METHODS: 14 return True 15 16 # Instance must have an attribute named `owner`. 17 # obj相当于数据库中的model,这里要把owner改为我们数据库中的user 18 return obj.user == request.user
在用户收藏接口中完善权限,收藏只有登录用户才能收藏且必须是当前登录用户,用户只能获取到自己收藏的列表,不能获取全部:
1 class UserFavViewSet(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, 2 mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet): 3 """用户收藏""" 4 5 serializer_class = UserFavSerializer 6 7 # permission是权限验证 IsAuthenticated必须登录用户 IsOwnerOrReadOnly必须是当前登录的用户 8 permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly) 9 10 # authentication是用户认证 11 authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication) 12 13 # 搜索的字段 14 lookup_field = ‘goods_id‘ 15 16 # 只能查看当前登录用户的收藏,不会获取所有用户的收藏 17 def get_queryset(self): 18 return UserFav.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
- JSONWebTokenAuthentication认证不应该全局配置,因为用户获取商品信息或者其它页面的时候并不需要此认证,所以这个认证只要局部中添加就可以
- 删除settings中的rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication
5、Vue和用户收藏接口联调
修改Vue前端代码中的host:
1 //收藏 2 export const addFav = params => { return axios.post(`${host}/userfavs/`, params) } 3 4 //取消收藏 5 export const delFav = goodsId => { return axios.delete(`${host}/userfavs/`+goodsId+‘/‘) } 6 7 export const getAllFavs = () => { return axios.get(`${host}/userfavs/`) } 8 9 //判断是否收藏 10 export const getFav = goodsId => { return axios.get(`${host}/userfavs/`+goodsId+‘/‘) }
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