alien_invasion
Posted ruanshuai
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alien.py
import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite class Alien(Sprite): """表示单个外星人的类""" def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen): """初始化外星人并设置其起始位置""" super().__init__() self.screen = screen self.ai_settings = ai_settings #加载外星人图像，并设置其rect属性 self.image = pygame.image.load(‘images/alien.bmp‘) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() #每个外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近 self.rect.x = self.rect.width self.rect.y = self.rect.height #存储外星人的准确位置 self.x = float(self.rect.x) def blitme(self): """在指定位置绘制外星人""" self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) def check_edges(self): """如果外星人位于屏幕边缘，就返回True""" screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect() if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right: return True elif self.rect.left < 0: return True def update(self): """向左或向右移动外星人""" self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction) self.rect.x = self.x
alien_invasion.py
import pygame from settings import Settings from ship import Ship from alien import Alien import game_functions as gf from pygame.sprite import Group from game_stats import GameStats from scoreboard import Scoreboard from button import Button def run_game(): """初始化pygame、设置和屏幕对象""" pygame.init() ai_settings = Settings() screen = pygame.display.set_mode( (ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height)) pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion") #创建Play按钮 play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play") #创建存储游戏统计信息的实例，并创建记分牌 stats = GameStats(ai_settings) sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats) #创建一艘飞船、一个子弹和一个外星人的编组 ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen) bullets = Group() aliens = Group() #创建外星人群 gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens) #开始游戏的主循环 while True: gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets) if stats.game_active: ship.update() gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button) run_game()
bullet.py
import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite class Bullet(Sprite): """一个队飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类""" def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship): """在飞船所处的位置创建一个子弹对象""" super().__init__() self.screen = screen #在（0,0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0,ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height) self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx self.rect.top = ship.rect.top #存储用小数表示的子弹位置 self.y = float(self.rect.y) self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor def update(self): """向上移动子弹""" #更新表示子弹位置的小数值 self.y -= self.speed_factor #更新表示子弹的rect的位置 self.rect.y = self.y def draw_bullet(self): """在屏幕上绘制子弹""" pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)
button.py
import pygame.font class Button(): def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg): """初始化按钮的属性""" self.screen = screen self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性 self.width, self.height = 200, 50 self.button_color = (0, 255, 0) self.text_color = (255, 255, 255) self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) #创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中 self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height) self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center #按钮的标签只需创建一次 self.prep_msg(msg) def prep_msg(self, msg): """将msg渲染成图像，并使其在按钮上居中""" self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color, self.button_color) self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect() self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center def draw_button(self): """绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本""" self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect) self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)
game_functins.py
import sys from time import sleep import pygame from bullet import Bullet from alien import Alien def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets): """响应按键和鼠标事件""" for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == pygame.QUIT: sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP: check_keyup_events(event, ship) elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y) elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN: mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos() check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y) def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y): """玩家单击Play按钮时开始新游戏""" button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y) if button_clicked and not stats.game_active: #重置游戏设置 ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings() #隐藏光标 pygame.mouse.set_visible(False) #重置游戏统计信息 stats.reset_stats() stats.game_active = True #重置记分牌图像 sb.prep_score() sb.prep_high_score() sb.prep_level() sb.prep_ships() #清空外星人列表和子弹列表 aliens.empty() bullets.empty() #创建一群新的外星人，并让飞船居中 create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens) ship.center_ship() def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button): """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕""" #每次循环时都重绘屏幕 screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) ship.blitme() aliens.draw(screen) #在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹 for bullet in bullets.sprites(): bullet.draw_bullet() #显示得分 sb.show_score() #如果游戏处于非活动状态，就显示Play按钮 if not stats.game_active: play_button.draw_button() #让最近绘制的屏幕可见 pygame.display.flip() def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets): """响应按键""" if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: ship.moving_right = True elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: ship.moving_left = True elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE: fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets) elif event.key == pygame.K_q: sys.exit() def check_keyup_events(event, ship): """响应松开""" if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT: ship.moving_right = False elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT: ship.moving_left = False def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕""" #更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失的子弹 bullets.update() #删除已消失的子弹 for bullet in bullets.copy(): if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: bullets.remove(bullet) check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): """响应子弹和外星人的碰撞""" #删除发生碰撞的子弹和外星人 collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True) if collisions: for aliens in collisions.values(): stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points sb.prep_score() check_high_score(stats, sb) if len(aliens) == 0: """如果整群外星人都被消灭，就提高一个等级""" bullets.empty() ai_settings.increase_speed() #提高等级 stats.level += 1 sb.prep_level() create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens) def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets): """如果还没有到达限制，就发射一颗子弹""" #创建新子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中 if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship) bullets.add(new_bullet) def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width): """计算每行可容纳多少个外星人""" available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 3 * alien_width number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (3 * alien_width)) return number_aliens_x def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height): """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人""" available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height) number_rows = int(available_space_y / (4 * alien_height)) return number_rows def create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number): """创建外星人群""" #创建一个外星人，并将其放在当前行 alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen) alien_width = alien.rect.width alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width *alien_number alien.rect.x = alien.x alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number + 10 aliens.add(alien) def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens): """创建外星人群""" #创建一个外星人，并计算每行可容纳多少个外星人 alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen) number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width) number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height, alien.rect.height) #创建外星人群 for row_number in range(number_rows): for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x): create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number) def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens): """有外星人到达边缘时采取相应的措施""" for alien in aliens.sprites(): if alien.check_edges(): change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens) break def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens): """将整群外星人下移，并改变它们的方向""" for alien in aliens.sprites(): alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1 def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): """响应被外星人撞到的飞船""" if stats.ships_left > 0: #将ships_left减一 stats.ships_left -= 1 #更新记分牌 sb.prep_ships() #清空外星人列表和子弹列表 aliens.empty() bullets.empty() #创建一群新的外星人，并将飞船放到屏幕底端中央 create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens) ship.center_ship() #暂停 sleep(0.5) else: stats.game_active = False pygame.mouse.set_visible(True) def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): """检查是否有外星人到达了屏幕底端""" screen_rect = screen.get_rect() for alien in aliens.sprites(): if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom: #像飞船被撞到一样处理 ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) break def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets): """检查是否有外星人到达屏幕边缘 然后更新所有外星人的位置""" check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens) aliens.update() #检测外星人和飞船碰撞 if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens): ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) #检查是否有外星人到达屏幕底端 check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets) def check_high_score(stats, sb): """检查是否诞生了新的最高得分""" if stats.score > stats.high_score: stats.high_score = stats.score sb.prep_high_score()
game_stats.py
class GameStats(): """跟踪游戏的统计信息""" def __init__(self, ai_settings): """初始化统计信息""" self.ai_settings = ai_settings self.reset_stats() #游戏刚启动时处于活动状态 self.game_active = False #在任何情况下都不应该重置最高得分 self.high_score = 0 self.level = 1 def reset_stats(self): """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息""" self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit self.score = 0
scoreboard.py
import pygame.font from pygame.sprite import Group from ship import Ship class Scoreboard(): """报告得分信息的类""" def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats): """初始化显示得分信息的属性""" self.screen = screen self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() self.ai_settings = ai_settings self.stats = stats #显示得分信息时使用的字体设置 self.text_color = (30, 30, 30) self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48) #准备包含得分的初始头像 self.prep_score() self.prep_high_score() self.prep_level() self.prep_ships() def prep_score(self): """将得分转换为渲染的图像""" rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1)) score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score) self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str,True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color) #将得分放在屏幕右上角 self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect() self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20 self.score_rect.top = 5 def prep_high_score(self): """将最高分转换为渲染的图像""" high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1)) high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score) self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str,True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color) #将最高得分放在屏幕顶部中央 self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect() self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx self.high_score_rect.top = 5 def prep_level(self): """将等级转换为渲染的图像""" self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color) #将等级放在得分下方 self.level_rect = self.score_image.get_rect() self.level_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20 self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom def prep_ships(self) : """显示还余下多少艘飞船""" self.ships = Group() for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left): ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen) ship.rect.x = 5 + ship_number * ship.rect.width ship.rect.y = 5 self.ships.add(ship) def show_score(self): """在屏幕上显示飞船和得分""" self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect) self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect) self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect) #绘制飞船 self.ships.draw(self.screen)
settings.py
class Settings(): """存储《外星人入侵》的所有设置的类""" def __init__(self): """初始化游戏的设置""" #子弹设置 self.bullet_width = 6 self.bullet_height = 15 self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60) self.bullets_allowed = 8 #屏幕设置 self.screen_width = 1200 self.screen_height = 800 self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230) #飞船设置 self.ship_limit = 3 #外星人设置 self.fleet_drop_speed = 20 #加快游戏节奏的速度 self.speedup_scale = 1.1 #外星人点数的提高速度 self.score_scale = 1.5 self.initialize_dynamic_settings() def initialize_dynamic_settings(self): """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置""" self.ship_speed_factor = 2 self.bullet_speed_factor = 6 self.alien_speed_factor = 1 #fleet_direction为1表示向右移，为-1表示向左移 self.fleet_direction = 1 #计分 self.alien_points = 50 def increase_speed(self): """提高速度设置和外星人点数""" self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale) print(self.alien_points)
ship.py
import pygame from pygame.sprite import Sprite class Ship(Sprite): def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen): """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置""" super().__init__() self.screen = screen self.ai_settings = ai_settings #加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形 self.image = pygame.image.load(‘images/ship.bmp‘) self.rect = self.image.get_rect() self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect() #将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央 self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom #在飞船的属性center中存储小数值 self.center = float(self.rect.centerx) #移动标志 self.moving_right = False self.moving_left = False def update(self): """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置""" #更新飞船的center值，而不是rect if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right: self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0: self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor #根据self.center更新rect对象 self.rect.centerx = self.center def blitme(self): """在指定位置绘制飞船""" self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect) def center_ship(self): """让飞船在屏幕上居中""" self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx
开始界面
运行界面
代码来自《Python编程：从入门到实践》
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