0032-如何在CDH启用Kerberos的情况下安装及使用Sentry

Posted 2021-01-21

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5.Sentry列权限管理

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1.在集群所有节点添加fayson_r用户

[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# useradd fayson_r
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# id fayson_r
uid=504(fayson_r) gid=504(fayson_r) groups=504(fayson_r)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# 

2.创建Kerberos用户fayson_r

[[email protected] ~]# kadmin.local
Authenticating as principal hive/[email protected] with password.
kadmin.local:  addprinc [email protected]
WARNING: no policy specified for [email protected]; defaulting to no policy
Enter password for principal "[email protected]": 
Re-enter password for principal "[email protected]": 
Principal "[email protected]" created.
kadmin.local:  

3.使用hive用户登录Kerberos

使用beeline连接HiveServer2，创建columnread角色并授权test表s1列的读权限，将columnread角色授权给fayson_r用户组

[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: hive/[email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/07/17 15:27:58  09/08/17 15:27:58  krbtgt/[email protected]OM
        renew until 09/12/17 15:27:58
[[email protected] ~]# beeline 
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> create role columnread;
No current connection
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
...
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> create role columnread;
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.183 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> grant select(s1) on table test to role columnread;
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.105 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> grant role columnread to group fayson_r;
...
INFO  : OK
No rows affected (0.105 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> 

4.fayson_r用户测试

使用fayson_r登录Kerberos，通过beeline连接HiveServer2

[[email protected] ~]# kdestroy
[[email protected] ~]# kinit fayson_r
Password for [email protected]:
[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/08/17 03:16:47  09/09/17 03:16:47  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/15/17 03:16:47
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
scan complete in 2ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/;principal=hive/[email protected]
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show databases;
...
INFO  : OK
+----------------+--+
| database_name  |
+----------------+--+
| default        |
+----------------+--+
1 row selected (0.336 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> show tables;
...
INFO  : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name  |
+-----------+--+
| test      |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.202 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select * from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
 User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY
 The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s2->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select s1 from test;
...
INFO  : OK
+---------+--+
|   s1    |
+---------+--+
| a       |
| 1       |
| 111     |
| a       |
| 1       |
| 2       |
| testaa  |
| 1       |
| 2       |
| 3       |
| 222     |
+---------+--+
11 rows selected (0.433 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(*) from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
 User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY
 The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/> select count(s1) from test;
...
INFO  : OK
+------+--+
| _c0  |
+------+--+
| 11   |
+------+--+
1 row selected (33.012 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000/>

5.浏览HDFS目录

[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/08/17 03:16:47  09/09/17 03:16:47  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/15/17 03:16:47
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]# 

6.使用admin用户登录Hue，创建fayson_r用户

使用fayson_r用户登录

不能对test表所有列进行查询

可以对test表的s1列进行查询

不能通过File Brwoser浏览test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test

测试总结：

fayson_r用户所属用户组为fayson_r，该组只拥有对test表s1列的读权限，因此在select和count的时候只能对s1列进行select和count，fayson_r用户无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse下的所有目录；使用hue只能对test表s1列进行select和count操作，无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse目录及目录下所有子目录。

注意：Sentry只支持SELECT的列授权，不能用于INSERT和ALL的列授权。

6.备注

---

在集群启用Sentry服务后，由于Sentry不支持Hive CLI权限管理，所以建议禁用Hive CLI。

1. 如何限制用户使用Hive CLI操作

进入Hive服务，修改hadoop.proxyuser.hive.group配置，此配置会覆盖HDFS服务中hive代理用户组配置，默认值为空则继承HDFS服务中的hive代理用户配置

以上配置表示hue、hive、impala用户组可以使用Hive CLI，配置完成重启Hive及其相关服务。

注：如果配置为空则表示禁止所有用户组，需要注意配置为空会导致Hue不可用，hive用户不能通过beeline和Hive CLI访问Hive。

2.测试配置是否生效

l 使用hive用户登录Kerberos，然后使用Hive CLI操作

[[email protected] 251-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# kinit -kt hive.keytab hive/[email protected]
[[email protected] 251-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: hive/[email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/07/17 13:33:21  09/08/17 13:33:21  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/12/17 13:33:21
[[email protected] 251-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# 

登录Hive CLI，进行SQL操作

[[email protected] 251-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# hive
...
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 1.881 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> show tables;
OK
test
test_hive_delimiter
test_table
Time taken: 0.034 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> select * from test;
OK
a       b
1       2
111     222
a       b
1       2
2       333
testaa  testbbb
1       test
2       fayson
3       zhangsan
222     2323
Time taken: 0.477 seconds, Fetched: 11 row(s)
hive> select count(*) from test;
...
OK
11
Time taken: 31.143 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> 

• 使用hue用户登录Kerberos进行测试

[[email protected] 259-hue-HUE_SERVER]# kdestroy
[[email protected] 259-hue-HUE_SERVER]# kinit -kt hue.keytab hue/[email protected]
[[email protected] 259-hue-HUE_SERVER]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: hue/[email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/07/17 13:37:22  09/08/17 13:37:22  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/12/17 13:37:22
[[email protected] 259-hue-HUE_SERVER]# 

通过Hive CLI操作

[[email protected] 259-hue-HUE_SERVER]# hive
...
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 1.892 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> show tables;
OK
test
test_hive_delimiter
test_table
Time taken: 0.036 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> select * from test;
FAILED: SemanticException Unable to determine if hdfs://ip-172-31-6-148.fayson.com:8020/user/hive/warehouse/test is encrypted: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=hue, access=READ, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.DefaultAuthorizationProvider.checkAccessAcl(DefaultAuthorizationProvider.java:363)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.DefaultAuthorizationProvider.check(DefaultAuthorizationProvider.java:256)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.DefaultAuthorizationProvider.checkPermission(DefaultAuthorizationProvider.java:168)
        at org.apache.sentry.hdfs.SentryAuthorizationProvider.checkPermission(SentryAuthorizationProvider.java:178)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkPermission(FSPermissionChecker.java:152)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkPermission(FSDirectory.java:3530)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkPermission(FSDirectory.java:3513)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSDirectory.checkPathAccess(FSDirectory.java:3484)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.checkPathAccess(FSNamesystem.java:6624)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSNamesystem.getEZForPath(FSNamesystem.java:9267)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNodeRpcServer.getEZForPath(NameNodeRpcServer.java:1637)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.AuthorizationProviderProxyClientProtocol.getEZForPath(AuthorizationProviderProxyClientProtocol.java:928)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocolPB.ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.getEZForPath(ClientNamenodeProtocolServerSideTranslatorPB.java:1360)
        at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.protocol.proto.ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos$ClientNamenodeProtocol$2.callBlockingMethod(ClientNamenodeProtocolProtos.java)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.ProtobufRpcEngine$Server$ProtoBufRpcInvoker.call(ProtobufRpcEngine.java:617)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RPC$Server.call(RPC.java:1073)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2217)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler$1.run(Server.java:2213)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at javax.security.auth.Subject.doAs(Subject.java:415)
        at org.apache.hadoop.security.UserGroupInformation.doAs(UserGroupInformation.java:1917)
        at org.apache.hadoop.ipc.Server$Handler.run(Server.java:2211)

hive> 

• 使用impala用户登录Kerberos测试

[[email protected] 253-impala-STATESTORE]# kdestroy
[[email protected] 253-impala-STATESTORE]# kinit -kt impala.keytab impala/[email protected]
[[email protected] 253-impala-STATESTORE]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: impala/[email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/07/17 13:41:25  09/08/17 13:41:25  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/12/17 13:41:25
[[email protected] 253-impala-STATESTORE]# 

使用Hive CLI操作

[[email protected] 253-impala-STATESTORE]# hive
...
hive> show databases;
OK
default
Time taken: 1.941 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> show tables;
OK
test
test_hive_delimiter
test_table
Time taken: 0.037 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> select * from test;
OK
a       b
1       2
111     222
a       b
1       2
2       333
testaa  testbbb
1       test
2       fayson
3       zhangsan
222     2323
Time taken: 0.523 seconds, Fetched: 11 row(s)
hive> 

• 使用fayson用户测试，此用户被禁止使用HiveCLI

使用fayson用户登录Kerberos测试

[[email protected] ~]# kdestroy
[[email protected] ~]# kinit fayson
Password for [email protected]: 
[[email protected] ~]# klist
Ticket cache: FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_0
Default principal: [email protected]

Valid starting     Expires            Service principal
09/07/17 13:44:29  09/08/17 13:44:29  krbtgt/[email protected]
        renew until 09/14/17 13:44:29
[[email protected] ~]# 

使用Hive CLI操作

[[email protected] ~]# hive
...
hive> show databases;
FAILED: SemanticException org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
hive> show tables;
FAILED: SemanticException org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.metadata.HiveException: org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException: java.net.SocketException: Connection reset
hive> 

测试总结：

通过Hive配置（hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups）可以限制用户组使用HiveCLI访问Hive，未配置在内的用户组是不可以通过Hive CLI访问（如fayson用户）。在测试中发现impala和hive用户可以通过Hive CLI访问hive表并未受权限控制，而hue用户只能show databases和show tables不能select表。报HDFS访问权限异常，由于hive表的属主均为hive，hive和impala用户都属于hive组，hue用户不属于hive组导致。

注意：hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups是针对用户组限制，如配置了hive用户组可以通过Hive CLI访问Hive，则属于hive组的所有用户均可以通过Hive CLI访问Hive表且不受Sentry权限控制。