数据备份与恢复

Posted 2021-01-21

环境要求：
1.逻辑备份工具 mysqldump
2.使用mysql 恢复数据库

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**步骤一：使用mysqldump进行逻辑备份

1）备份MySQL服务器上的所有库
将所有的库备份为mysql-all.sql文件：
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases > /root/alldb.sql
Enter password:
同时备份db1、db5库，保存为data/db.sql文件：
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -u root -p -B db1 db5 > mydata/db.sql
Enter password:
查看备份文件userdb.sql的部分内容：
[[email protected] ~]# grep ‘^CREATE DATA‘ mydata/db.sql
CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/ db1 /!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 /;
CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/ db5 /!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 /;
步骤二：使用mysql命令从备份中恢复数据库、表
1）创建名为db1cp的新库
mysql> create database db1cp;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.09 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p db1 > mydata/dbcp1.sql
Enter password:
2）导入备份文件，在新库中重建表及数据
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p db1cp < mydata/dbcp1.sql
Enter password:
3）确认新库正常，启用新库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| db1 |
| db1cp |
| db5 |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_db1cp |
+-----------------+
| t1 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from t1;
+------+------+------+
| id | name | age |
+------+------+------+
| 1 | sky | 19 |
| 2 | tom | 20 |
+------+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
**4）废弃或删除旧库
ysql> drop database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.18 sec)