Elasticsearch增删改查操作深入详解

Posted 2020-10-21 guangliana

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引言：

对于刚接触ES的童鞋，经常搞不明白ES的各个概念的含义。尤其对“索引”二字更是与关系型数据库混淆的不行。本文通过对比关系型数据库，将ES中常见的增、删、改、查操作进行图文呈现。能加深你对ES的理解。同时，也列举了kibana下的图形化展示。

ES Restful API GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD含义：
1）GET：获取请求对象的当前状态。
2）POST：改变对象的当前状态。
3）PUT：创建一个对象。
4）DELETE：销毁对象。
5）HEAD：请求获取对象的基础信息。

mysql与Elasticsearch核心概念对比示意图
技术分享图片
以上表为依据，
ES中的新建文档（在Index/type下）相当于Mysql中（在某Database的Table）下插入一行数据。

1、新建文档（类似mysql insert插入操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1 put
{
"title":"New version of Elasticsearch released!",
"content":"Version 1.0 released today!",
"tags":["announce","elasticsearch","release"]
}

创建成功如下显示：

{

- "_index": "blog",
- "_type": "ariticle",
- "_id": "1 -d",
- "_version": 1,
- "_shards": {
    - "total": 2,
    - "successful": 1,
    - "failed": 0
- },
- "created": true

}

技术分享图片

2、检索文档（类似mysql search 搜索select*操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/ GET

检索结果如下：

{

- "_index": "blog",
- "_type": "ariticle",
- "_id": "1",
- "_version": 1,
- "found": true,
- "_source": {
    - "title": "New version of Elasticsearch released!",
    - "content": "Version 1.0 released today!",
    - "tags": [
        - "announce"
        - ,
        - "elasticsearch"
        - ,
        - "release"
    - ]
- }

如果未找到会提示：

{

- "_index": "blog",
- "_type": "ariticle",
- "_id": "11",
- "found": false

}

查询全部文档如下：
技术分享图片
具体某个细节内容检索，
查询举例1：查询cotent列包含版本为1.0的信息。
http://localhost:9200/blog/
_search?pretty&q=content:1.0

{

- "took": 2,
- "timed_out": false,
- "_shards": {
    - "total": 5,
    - "successful": 5,
    - "failed": 0
- },
- "hits": {
    - "total": 1,
    - "max_score": 0.8784157,
    - "hits": [
        - {
            - "_index": "blog",
            - "_type": "ariticle",
            - "_id": "6",
            - "_score": 0.8784157,
            - "_source": {
                - "title": "deep Elasticsearch!",
                - "content": "Version 1.0!",
                - "tags": [
                    - "deep"
                    - ,
                    - "elasticsearch"
                - ]
            - }
        - }
    - ]
- }

}

查询举例2：查询书名title中包含“enhance”字段的数据信息：
[[email protected] ~]# curl -XGET 10.200.1.121:9200/blog/ariticle/_search?pretty -d ‘

> { "query" : {
> "term" :
> {"title" : "enhance" }
> }
> }‘
{
  "took" : 189,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
  "total" : 5,
  "successful" : 5,
  "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
  "total" : 2,
  "max_score" : 0.8784157,
  "hits" : [ {
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "ariticle",
  "_id" : "4",
  "_score" : 0.8784157,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch!",
  "content" : "Version 4.0!",
  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]
  }
  }, {
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "ariticle",
  "_id" : "5",
  "_score" : 0.15342641,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch for university!",
  "content" : "Version 5.0!",
  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]
  }
  } ]
  }
}

查询举例3：查询ID值为3,5,7的数据信息：
[[email protected] ~]# curl -XGET 10.200.1.121:9200/blog/ariticle/_search?pretty -d ‘

{ "query" : {
"terms" :
{"_id" : [ "3", "5", "7" ] }
}
}‘
{
  "took" : 5,
  "timed_out" : false,
  "_shards" : {
  "total" : 5,
  "successful" : 5,
  "failed" : 0
  },
  "hits" : {
  "total" : 3,
  "max_score" : 0.19245009,
  "hits" : [ {
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "ariticle",
  "_id" : "5",
  "_score" : 0.19245009,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "enhance Elasticsearch for university!",
  "content" : "Version 5.0!",
  "tags" : [ "enhance", "elasticsearch" ]
  }
  }, {
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "ariticle",
  "_id" : "7",
  "_score" : 0.19245009,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "deep Elasticsearch for university!",
  "content" : "Version 2.0!",
  "tags" : [ "deep", "elasticsearch", "university" ]
  }
  }, {
  "_index" : "blog",
  "_type" : "ariticle",
  "_id" : "3",
  "_score" : 0.19245009,
  "_source" : {
  "title" : "init Elasticsearch for university!",
  "content" : "Version 3.0!",
  "tags" : [ "initialize", "elasticsearch" ]
  }
  } ]
  }
}

3、更新文档（类似mysql update操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/_update/ POST
{“script”:”ctx._source.content = \”new version 2.0 20160714\”“}

更新后结果显示：
{

“_index”: “blog”,
“_type”: “ariticle”,
“_id”: “1”,
“_version”: 2,
“_shards”: {
- ”total”: 2,
- “successful”: 1,
- “failed”: 0
}

}

查询&验证更新后结果：（对比可知，版本号已经更新完毕）
http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/1/

{

- "_index": "blog",
- "_type": "ariticle",
- "_id": "1",
- "_version": 2,
- "found": true,
- "_source": {
    - "title": "New version of Elasticsearch released!",
    - "content": "new version 2.0 20160714",
    - "tags": [
        - "announce"
        - ,
        - "elasticsearch"
        - ,
        - "release"
    - ]
- }

}
`![这里写图片描述](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160717132407353)``

注意更新文档需要在elasticsearch_win\config\elasticsearch.yml下新增以下内容：

script.groovy.sandbox.enabled: true
script.engine.groovy.inline.search: on
script.engine.groovy.inline.update: on
script.inline: on
script.indexed: on
script.engine.groovy.inline.aggs: on
index.mapper.dynamic: true

4、删除文档（类似mysql delete操作）

http://localhost:9200/blog/ariticle/8/回结果

{

- "found": true,
- "_index": "blog",
- "_type": "ariticle",
- "_id": "8",
- "_version": 2,
- "_shards": {
    - "total": 2,
    - "successful": 1,
    - "failed": 0
- }

}