0028-如何在CDH未启用认证的情况下安装及使用Sentry
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1.文档编写目的
CDH平台中的安全,认证(Kerberos/LDAP)是第一步,授权(Sentry)是第二步。如果要启用授权,必须先启用认证。但在CDH平台中给出了一种测试模式,即不启用认证而只启用Sentry授权。但强烈不建议在生产系统中这样使用,因为如果没有用户认证,授权没有任何意义形同虚设,用户可以随意使用任何超级用户登录HiveServer2或者Impala,并不会做密码校验。注:本文档仅适用于测试环境。
本文档主要描述如何在CDH未启用认证的情况下安装,配置及使用Sentry。
- 内容概述
1.如何安装Sentry服务
2.Hive/Impala/Hue/HDFS服务如何与Sentry集成
3.Sentry测试
- 测试环境
1.操作系统为CentOS6.5
2.CM和CDH版本为5.11.1
3.采用root用户操作
- 前置条件
1.CDH集群运行正常
2.集群未启用认证服务(如Kerberos或LDAP)
2.Sentry安装
1.在mysql中创建sentry数据库
建表语句:
create database sentry default character set utf8;
CREATE USER ‘sentry‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry. * TO ‘sentry‘@‘%‘;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
命令行操作:
[[email protected] 527-hive-HIVEMETASTORE]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
...
mysql> create database sentry default character set utf8;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> CREATE USER ‘sentry‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘password‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON sentry.* TO ‘sentry‘@‘%‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
2.进入Cloudera Manager控制台点击“添加服务”
3.进入服务添加界面
4.选择Sentry服务,点击“继续”
5.选择Sentry Server及Gateway的安装节点,点击“继续“,注意需提前在MySQL中建立好相关用户和数据库
6.输入Sentry服务的数据库信息,点击测试,测试通过,点击“继续”
7.等待服务安装成功,点击“继续”
8.点击“完成”,Sentry服务到此安装完成。
3.Sentry配置
3.1Hive配置
1.配置Hive使用Sentry服务
2.关闭Hive的用户模拟功能
3.集群未启用安全认证环境下,需要配置以下参数
<property>
<name>sentry.hive.testing.mode</name>
<value>true</value>
</property>
3.2Impala配置
配置Impala与Sentry集成
3.3Hue配置
配置Hue与Sentry集成
3.4HDFS配置
配置HDFS开启ACLs与Sentry权限同步
完成以上配置后,回到Cloudera Manager主页,部署客户端配置并重启相关服务。
4.Sentry测试
4.1创建hive超级用户
1.使用beeline连接HiveServer2,并登录hive用户
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: hive
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
注意:标红部分为输入的hive用户,输入的hive用户并未真正的校验
2.创建一个admin角色
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role admin;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (2.52 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
3.为admin角色赋予超级权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant all on server server1 to role admin;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.221 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.将admin角色授权给hive用户组
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role admin to group hive;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.162 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.2创建test表
使用beeline登录hive用户,创建一个test表,并插入测试数据
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create table test (s1 string, s2 string) row format delimitedfields terminated by ‘,‘;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.592 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values(‘a‘,‘b‘),(‘1‘,‘2‘);
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (20.123 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.3创建测试角色并授权给用户组
创建两个角色:
read:只能读default库test表,并授权给fayson用户组
write:只能写default库test表,并授权给user_w用户组
注意:集群所有节点必须存在fayson和user_w用户,用户默认用户组与用户名一致,赋权是针对用户组而不是针对用户。
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# id fayson
uid=501(fayson) gid=501(fayson) groups=501(fayson)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# useradd user_w
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]# id user_w
uid=502(user_w) gid=502(user_w) groups=502(user_w)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-master]#
1.使用hive用户创建创建read和write角色,并授权read角色对test表select权限,write角色对test表insert权限
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role read;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.094 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant select on table test to role read;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.1 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role write;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.105 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant insert on table test to role write;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.112 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
2.为fayson用户组授权read角色,为user_w用户组授权write角色
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role read to group fayson;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.187 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role write to group user_w;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.101 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.4beeline验证
1.使用fayson用户登录beeline进行验证
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
scan complete in 2ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: fayson
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables;
...
INFO : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name |
+-----------+--+
| test |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.351 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test;
...
INFO : OK
+----------+----------+--+
| test.s1 | test.s2 |
+----------+----------+--+
| a | b |
| 1 | 2 |
+----------+----------+--+
2 rows selected (0.24 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values("2", "222");
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User fayson does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=insert; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
2.使用user_w用户登录beeline验证
[[email protected] ~]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
scan complete in 2ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: user_w
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.0)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables;
INFO : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name |
+-----------+--+
| test |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.365 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User user_w does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s1->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> insert into test values("2", "333");
...
INFO : Completed executing command(queryId=hive_20170902183535_56bcd189-544a-453f-9752-e40a9fed60c5); Time taken: 17.762 seconds
INFO : OK
No rows affected (18.035 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
验证总结:
fayson用户所属组为fayson拥有test表读权限,所以只能对test表进行selecth和count操作不能进行insert操作;
user_w用户所属组为user_w拥有test表写权限,所以只能对test表进行insert操作不能进行select和count操作;
4.5HDFS验证
1.切换至fayson用户下,浏览和查看/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录及文件
[[email protected] ~]# su fayson
[[email protected] root]$ cd /home/fayson/
[[email protected] ~]$ ll
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 fayson fayson 19 Sep 5 12:55 test.txt
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
Found 1 items
-rwxrwx--x+ 3 hive hive 8 2017-09-05 12:52 /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -cat /user/hive/warehouse/test/000000_0
a,b
1,2
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -put test.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test
put: Permission denied: user=fayson, access=WRITE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$
2.切换user_w用户下,浏览和查看/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录及文件
[[email protected] ~]# su user_w
[[email protected] root]$ cd /home/user_w/
[[email protected] ~]$ cat test.txt
333,5555
eeee,dddd
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
ls: Permission denied: user=user_w, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -put test.txt /user/hive/warehouse/test
[[email protected] ~]$
测试总结:
fayson用户所属用户组为fayson,该组只拥有对test表的读权限,因此fayson用户不能对/user/hive/warehouse目录下除test以外的其它目录进行查看(包含父目录),并且不能向test目录put文件,只能浏览和查看test目录下的文件。
user_w用户所属用户组为user_w,该组只拥有对test表的写权限,因此user_w用户不能对/user/hive/warehouse目录下的任何目录进行查看(包含父目录),并且只拥有向test目录put文件的权限。说明Sentry实现了HDFS的ACL同步。
4.6Hue验证
1.使用admin用户登录Hue,分别创建fayson和user_w用户
2.使用fayson用户登录Hue
可以查看test表
可以对test表进行count操作
只有SELECT权限不能向test表插入数据
FileBrower验证
不可以浏览/user/hive/warehouse目录
可以浏览有SELECT权限的/user/hive/warehouse/test数据目录
可以查看/user/hive/warehouse/test目录下的所有数据文件,但不能修改
3.使用user_w用户登录Hue
因为无SELECT权限,所以不能查询表信息
不能对test表进行count操作
可以向test表中插入数据
FileBrowser
不可以浏览test表数据目录的父目录/user/hive/warehouse
无SELECT权限也不能浏test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test
测试总结:
fayson和user_w用户均能通过hue界面看到test表,拥有read角色的fayson用户组能对test表进行select和count操作,并且能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。拥有write角色的user_w用户组只能对test表进行insert操作,但不能通过File Browser浏览和查看test表的数据目录/user/hive/warehouse/test。说明Sentry在命令行的操作和授权在Hue中依旧有效。
4.7Impala验证
1.使用fayson用户测试
登录集群任意节点命令行下切换到fayson用户下
[[email protected] ~]# su fayson
[[email protected] root]$
在命令行执行impala-shell命令
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000;
...
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > show tables;
Query: show tables
+------+
| name |
+------+
| test |
+------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.05s
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test;
...
+----+----------+
| s1 | s2 |
+----+----------+
| 1 | tttttttt |
+----+----------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 5.32s
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select count(*) from test;
...
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 1 |
+----------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.14s
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values(‘2‘, ‘test2‘);
Query: insert into test values(‘2‘, ‘test2‘)
Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:37:56 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User ‘fayson‘ does not have privileges to execute ‘INSERT‘ on: default.test
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] >
2.使用user_w用户测试
登录集群任意节点命令行下切换到user_w用户下
[[email protected] ~]# su user_w
[[email protected] root]$ impala-shell
在命令行执行命令impala-shell,进行如下操作
[[email protected] root]$ impala-shell
...
[Not connected] > connect ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000;
...
Query: show tables
+------+
| name |
+------+
| test |
+------+
Fetched 1 row(s) in 0.06s
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select * from test;
Query: select * from test
Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:17 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User ‘user_w‘ does not have privileges to execute ‘SELECT‘ on: default.test
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > select count(*) from test;
Query: select count(*) from test
Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:23 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000)
ERROR: AuthorizationException: User ‘user_w‘ does not have privileges to execute ‘SELECT‘ on: default.test
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] > insert into test values(‘2‘, ‘impala insert‘);
Query: insert into test values(‘2‘, ‘impala insert‘)
Query submitted at: 2017-09-11 01:41:48 (Coordinator: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000)
Query progress can be monitored at: http://ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:25000/query_plan?query_id=bd4a433465037682:77a7c3c400000000
Modified 1 row(s) in 0.71s
[ip-172-31-10-118.fayson.com:21000] >
验证总结:
Impala与Sentry集成后可以使用Sentry来进行权限管理,拥有read角色的fayson用户组只能对test表进行select和count操作不能插入数据,拥有write角色的user_w
用户组只能对test表插入数据不能进行select和count操作。说明Sentry实现了Hive权限与Impala的同步。
5.Sentry列权限管理验证
1.在集群所有节点新增fayson_r用户
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# useradd fayson_r
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# id fayson_r
uid=504(fayson_r) gid=504(fayson_r) groups=504(fayson_r)
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]#
2.使用beeline登录hive用户
使用hive用户创建columnread角色,并为角色授权test表s1列的读权限,将columnread角色授权给fayson_r用户组。
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: hive
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role columnread;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.225 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant select(s1) on table test to role columnread;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.095 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> grant role columnread to group fayson_r;
...
INFO : OK
No rows affected (0.091 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
3.使用beeline登录fayson_r用户测试
[[email protected] cdh-shell-bak]# beeline
Beeline version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1 by Apache Hive
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
scan complete in 2ms
Connecting to jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000
Enter username for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000: fayson_r
Enter password for jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000:
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.1.0-cdh5.12.1)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> show tables;
...
INFO : OK
+-----------+--+
| tab_name |
+-----------+--+
| test |
+-----------+--+
1 row selected (0.304 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select * from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s2->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select s1 from test;
...
INFO : OK
+-------+--+
| s1 |
+-------+--+
| a |
| 1 |
| 111 |
| 333 |
| eeee |
+-------+--+
5 rows selected (0.197 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select s2 from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->Column=s2->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select count(*) from test;
Error: Error while compiling statement: FAILED: SemanticException No valid privileges
User fayson_r does not have privileges for QUERY
The required privileges: Server=server1->Db=default->Table=test->action=select; (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> select count(s1) from test;
...
INFO : OK
+------+--+
| _c0 |
+------+--+
| 5 |
+------+--+
1 row selected (23.855 seconds)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
4.浏览HDFS目录
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /user/hive/warehouse/test
ls: Permission denied: user=fayson_r, access=READ_EXECUTE, inode="/user/hive/warehouse/test":hive:hive:drwxrwx--x
[[email protected] ~]$
5.使用admin用户登录Hue,创建fayson_r用户,然后使用fayson_r用户登录
测试总结:
fayson_r用户所属用户组为fayson_r,该组只拥有对test表s1列的读权限,因此在select和count的时候只能对s1列进行select和count,fayson_r用户无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse下的所有目录;使用hue只能对test表s1列进行select和count操作,无权限浏览/user/hive/warehouse目录及目录下所有子目录。
注意:Sentry只支持SELECT的列授权,不能用于INSERT和ALL的列授权。
6.备注
在使用beeline进行授权验证时,只是输入了username未做用户信息校验。在未启用认证服务的集群下,该文档的Sentry配置方式只适用于测试环境,不能用于生产环境。
在集群启用Sentry服务后,由于Sentry不支持Hive CLI权限管理,所以建议禁用Hive CLI。但在非安全环境下,不能通过hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups来限制访问用户组。
7.Hive授权参考
- 角色创建和删除
create role test;
drop role test;
- 角色授权和取消授权
表授权给角色
grant select on table test_table to role role_name;
revoke select on table test_table to role role_name;
列授权给角色
grant select(column1,column2) on table test_table to role role_name;
revoke select(column1,column2) on table test_table to role role_name;
- 组授权和取消授权
grant role role_name to group user_group;
revoke role role_name to group user_group;
注意:Sentry适用于用户组授权,不适用与用户授权;
8.常见问题
- 不能创建角色,异常如下
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000> create role admin;
Error: Error whilecompiling statement: FAILED:InvalidConfigurationException hive.server2.authentication can‘t be none innon-testing mode (state=42000,code=40000)
0: jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000>
原因:由于集群未启用Kerberos,需要配置sentry.hive.testing.mode为true
解决方法:参考3.1的第3步配置。
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