学习别人的rpc框架
Posted it-worker365
tags:
篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了学习别人的rpc框架相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
https://my.oschina.net/huangyong/blog/361751
https://gitee.com/huangyong/rpc
第一个链接为作者的描述,非常清晰,第二个为代码,包含以下几个功能包
自己的理解和摘取一些我认为值得记录的点
RPC:客户端发起请求,端封装请求,网络连接到某个服务端(服务治理),通过网络协议(tcp/http),序列化请求发送到服务端,服务端收到网络请求,反序列化请求本地服务,再将返回序列化,发送到客户端,客户端反序列化给本地展示结果。
http应用层协议,tcp为传输层协议,越上层的协议可能提供了越丰富的特性,越底层数据传输越快。
JAVA本身的序列化方式不管是性能还是序列化后的字节大小都不太好,所以需要根据实际情况集成其他序列化方式
服务被部署在不同的服务器节点上,需要服务发现提供注册和客户端发现功能
如何实现?通过启动类加载xml文件,启动相关组件
public static void main(String[] args) { new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml"); }
<!-- lang: xml --> <beans ...> <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.rpc.sample.server"/> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/> <!-- 配置服务注册组件 --> <bean id="serviceRegistry" class="com.xxx.rpc.registry.ServiceRegistry"> <constructor-arg name="registryAddress" value="${registry.address}"/> </bean> <!-- 配置 RPC 服务器 --> <bean id="rpcServer" class="com.xxx.rpc.server.RpcServer"> <constructor-arg name="serverAddress" value="${server.address}"/> <constructor-arg name="serviceRegistry" ref="serviceRegistry"/> </bean> </beans>
服务注解标签
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Component // 表明可被 Spring 扫描 public @interface RpcService { Class<?> value(); }
具体的服务实现类
@RpcService(HelloService.class) // 指定远程接口 public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService { @Override public String hello(String name) { return "Hello! " + name; } }
服务发现相关就是利用了zookeeper的znode/watcher
String ZK_REGISTRY_PATH = "/registry";
String ZK_DATA_PATH = ZK_REGISTRY_PATH + "/data";
public class ServiceRegistry { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceRegistry.class); private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); private String registryAddress; public ServiceRegistry(String registryAddress) { this.registryAddress = registryAddress; } public void register(String data) { if (data != null) { ZooKeeper zk = connectServer(); if (zk != null) { createNode(zk, data); } } } private ZooKeeper connectServer() { ZooKeeper zk = null; try { zk = new ZooKeeper(registryAddress, Constant.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() { @Override public void process(WatchedEvent event) { if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { latch.countDown(); } } }); latch.await(); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { LOGGER.error("", e); } return zk; } private void createNode(ZooKeeper zk, String data) { try { byte[] bytes = data.getBytes(); String path = zk.create(Constant.ZK_DATA_PATH, bytes, ZooDefs.Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL); LOGGER.debug("create zookeeper node ({} => {})", path, data); } catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) { LOGGER.error("", e); } } }
下面是NIO rpc的实现 implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean
setApplicationContext处理类处理了注解指出的服务类
afterPropertiesSet 开启了服务并向注册中心注册
public class RpcServer implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RpcServer.class); private String serverAddress; private ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry; private Map<String, Object> handlerMap = new HashMap<>(); // 存放接口名与服务对象之间的映射关系 public RpcServer(String serverAddress) { this.serverAddress = serverAddress; } public RpcServer(String serverAddress, ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry) { this.serverAddress = serverAddress; this.serviceRegistry = serviceRegistry; } @Override public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException { Map<String, Object> serviceBeanMap = ctx.getBeansWithAnnotation(RpcService.class); // 获取所有带有 RpcService 注解的 Spring Bean if (MapUtils.isNotEmpty(serviceBeanMap)) { for (Object serviceBean : serviceBeanMap.values()) { String interfaceName = serviceBean.getClass().getAnnotation(RpcService.class).value().getName(); handlerMap.put(interfaceName, serviceBean); } } } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); bootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioserverSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception { channel.pipeline() .addLast(new RpcDecoder(RpcRequest.class)) // 将 RPC 请求进行解码(为了处理请求) .addLast(new RpcEncoder(RpcResponse.class)) // 将 RPC 响应进行编码(为了返回响应) .addLast(new RpcHandler(handlerMap)); // 处理 RPC 请求 } }) .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128) .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); String[] array = serverAddress.split(":"); String host = array[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(array[1]); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(host, port).sync(); LOGGER.debug("server started on port {}", port); if (serviceRegistry != null) { serviceRegistry.register(serverAddress); // 注册服务地址 } future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
public class RpcEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder { private Class<?> genericClass; public RpcEncoder(Class<?> genericClass) { this.genericClass = genericClass; } @Override public void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object in, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { if (genericClass.isInstance(in)) { byte[] data = SerializationUtil.serialize(in); out.writeInt(data.length); out.writeBytes(data); } } }
请求
public class RpcRequest { private String requestId; private String className; private String methodName; private Class<?>[] parameterTypes; private Object[] parameters; // getter/setter... }
响应
public class RpcResponse { private String requestId; private Throwable error; private Object result; // getter/setter... }
这里将序列化和反序列化方法集中在序列化工具中,可以自由替换成其他
public class SerializationUtil { private static Map<Class<?>, Schema<?>> cachedSchema = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); private static Objenesis objenesis = new ObjenesisStd(true); private SerializationUtil() { } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") private static <T> Schema<T> getSchema(Class<T> cls) { Schema<T> schema = (Schema<T>) cachedSchema.get(cls); if (schema == null) { schema = RuntimeSchema.createFrom(cls); if (schema != null) { cachedSchema.put(cls, schema); } } return schema; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public static <T> byte[] serialize(T obj) { Class<T> cls = (Class<T>) obj.getClass(); LinkedBuffer buffer = LinkedBuffer.allocate(LinkedBuffer.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE); try { Schema<T> schema = getSchema(cls); return ProtostuffIOUtil.toByteArray(obj, schema, buffer); } catch (Exception e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e); } finally { buffer.clear(); } } public static <T> T deserialize(byte[] data, Class<T> cls) { try { T message = (T) objenesis.newInstance(cls); Schema<T> schema = getSchema(cls); ProtostuffIOUtil.mergeFrom(data, message, schema); return message; } catch (Exception e) { throw new IllegalStateException(e.getMessage(), e); } } }
请求处理类handler,为了避免使用 Java 反射带来的性能问题,我们可以使用 CGLib 提供的反射 API,如下面用到的FastClass
与FastMethod
。
意思都一样,就是根据请求拿出请求相关信息,然后反射调用拿到结果构造返回
public class RpcHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcRequest> { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RpcHandler.class); private final Map<String, Object> handlerMap; public RpcHandler(Map<String, Object> handlerMap) { this.handlerMap = handlerMap; } @Override public void channelRead0(final ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcRequest request) throws Exception { RpcResponse response = new RpcResponse(); response.setRequestId(request.getRequestId()); try { Object result = handle(request); response.setResult(result); } catch (Throwable t) { response.setError(t); } ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE); } private Object handle(RpcRequest request) throws Throwable { String className = request.getClassName(); Object serviceBean = handlerMap.get(className); Class<?> serviceClass = serviceBean.getClass(); String methodName = request.getMethodName(); Class<?>[] parameterTypes = request.getParameterTypes(); Object[] parameters = request.getParameters(); /*Method method = serviceClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes); method.setAccessible(true); return method.invoke(serviceBean, parameters);*/ FastClass serviceFastClass = FastClass.create(serviceClass); FastMethod serviceFastMethod = serviceFastClass.getMethod(methodName, parameterTypes); return serviceFastMethod.invoke(serviceBean, parameters); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) { LOGGER.error("server caught exception", cause); ctx.close(); } }
客户端配置
<!-- lang: java --> <beans ...> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/> <!-- 配置服务发现组件 --> <bean id="serviceDiscovery" class="com.xxx.rpc.registry.ServiceDiscovery"> <constructor-arg name="registryAddress" value="${registry.address}"/> </bean> <!-- 配置 RPC 代理 --> <bean id="rpcProxy" class="com.xxx.rpc.client.RpcProxy"> <constructor-arg name="serviceDiscovery" ref="serviceDiscovery"/> </bean> </beans>
服务发现
public class ServiceDiscovery { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ServiceDiscovery.class); private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); private volatile List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); private String registryAddress; public ServiceDiscovery(String registryAddress) { this.registryAddress = registryAddress; ZooKeeper zk = connectServer(); if (zk != null) { watchNode(zk); } } public String discover() { String data = null; int size = dataList.size(); if (size > 0) { if (size == 1) { data = dataList.get(0); LOGGER.debug("using only data: {}", data); } else { data = dataList.get(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(size)); LOGGER.debug("using random data: {}", data); } } return data; } private ZooKeeper connectServer() { ZooKeeper zk = null; try { zk = new ZooKeeper(registryAddress, Constant.ZK_SESSION_TIMEOUT, new Watcher() { @Override public void process(WatchedEvent event) { if (event.getState() == Event.KeeperState.SyncConnected) { latch.countDown(); } } }); latch.await(); } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) { LOGGER.error("", e); } return zk; } private void watchNode(final ZooKeeper zk) { try { List<String> nodeList = zk.getChildren(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH, new Watcher() { @Override public void process(WatchedEvent event) { if (event.getType() == Event.EventType.NodeChildrenChanged) { watchNode(zk); } } }); List<String> dataList = new ArrayList<>(); for (String node : nodeList) { byte[] bytes = zk.getData(Constant.ZK_REGISTRY_PATH + "/" + node, false, null); dataList.add(new String(bytes)); } LOGGER.debug("node data: {}", dataList); this.dataList = dataList; } catch (KeeperException | InterruptedException e) { LOGGER.error("", e); } } }
代理实现,构建服务请求信息,然后注册的服务里找一个,客户端netty将请求发送到服务端
public class RpcProxy { private String serverAddress; private ServiceDiscovery serviceDiscovery; public RpcProxy(String serverAddress) { this.serverAddress = serverAddress; } public RpcProxy(ServiceDiscovery serviceDiscovery) { this.serviceDiscovery = serviceDiscovery; } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public <T> T create(Class<?> interfaceClass) { return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance( interfaceClass.getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{interfaceClass}, new InvocationHandler() { @Override public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable { RpcRequest request = new RpcRequest(); // 创建并初始化 RPC 请求 request.setRequestId(UUID.randomUUID().toString()); request.setClassName(method.getDeclaringClass().getName()); request.setMethodName(method.getName()); request.setParameterTypes(method.getParameterTypes()); request.setParameters(args); if (serviceDiscovery != null) { serverAddress = serviceDiscovery.discover(); // 发现服务 } String[] array = serverAddress.split(":"); String host = array[0]; int port = Integer.parseInt(array[1]); RpcClient client = new RpcClient(host, port); // 初始化 RPC 客户端 RpcResponse response = client.send(request); // 通过 RPC 客户端发送 RPC 请求并获取 RPC 响应 if (response.isError()) { throw response.getError(); } else { return response.getResult(); } } } ); } }
客户端简单实现
public class RpcClient extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<RpcResponse> { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RpcClient.class); private String host; private int port; private RpcResponse response; private final Object obj = new Object(); public RpcClient(String host, int port) { this.host = host; this.port = port; } @Override public void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, RpcResponse response) throws Exception { this.response = response; synchronized (obj) { obj.notifyAll(); // 收到响应,唤醒线程 } } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { LOGGER.error("client caught exception", cause); ctx.close(); } public RpcResponse send(RpcRequest request) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() { @Override public void initChannel(SocketChannel channel) throws Exception { channel.pipeline() .addLast(new RpcEncoder(RpcRequest.class)) // 将 RPC 请求进行编码(为了发送请求) .addLast(new RpcDecoder(RpcResponse.class)) // 将 RPC 响应进行解码(为了处理响应) .addLast(RpcClient.this); // 使用 RpcClient 发送 RPC 请求 } }) .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync(); future.channel().writeAndFlush(request).sync(); synchronized (obj) { obj.wait(); // 未收到响应,使线程等待 } if (response != null) { future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } return response; } finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
客户端发送测试
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:spring.xml") public class HelloServiceTest { @Autowired private RpcProxy rpcProxy; @Test public void helloTest() { HelloService helloService = rpcProxy.create(HelloService.class); String result = helloService.hello("World"); Assert.assertEquals("Hello! World", result); } }
以上是关于学习别人的rpc框架的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章