Centos7系统下httpd各种方式实现与配置

Posted 2021-01-20

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1、 Centos7系统下实现httpd-2.2的安装，并分别实现prefork、worker、event等几种工作方式

Centos 7上若yum安装httpd程序，默认的是2.4的版本，因此无法用yum 直接安装，我这里采取源码安装httpd-2.2
安装前准备

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
[[email protected] ~]# getenforce 
Permissive

安装相应组件包

[[email protected] ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Serverplatform Development" -y
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz

编译安装

[[email protected] ~]# tar -zxf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[[email protected] ~]# cd httpd-2.2.32
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd2 --with-mpm=worker
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# make && make install

设定环境变量与systemd

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# cat /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/apache2/bin
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# ln -sv /usr/local/apache2/include /usr/include//httpd
‘/usr/include//httpd’ -> ‘/usr/local/apache2/include’
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# cat /etc/man_config 
MANPATH /usr/local/apache2/man
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# cat /lib/systemd/system/httpd.service 
[Unit]  
        Description=The httpd service
        After=network.target
        [Service]
        Type=forking
        ExecStart=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
        ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
        ExecStop=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
        Restart=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart
        [Install]
        WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务与验证

[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# systemctl daemon-reload
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# systemctl start httpd.service
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# ss -tan
State       Recv-Q Send-Q               Local Address:Port                              Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128                              *:22                                           *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100                      127.0.0.1:25                                           *:*                  
ESTAB       0      0                    192.168.10.10:22                                192.168.10.1:57790              
LISTEN      0      128                             :::80                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128                             :::22                                          :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100                            ::1:25                                          :::*                  
[[email protected] httpd-2.2.32]# httpd -l
Compiled in modules:
  core.c
  mod_authn_file.c
  mod_authn_default.c
  mod_authz_host.c
  mod_authz_groupfile.c
  mod_authz_user.c
  mod_authz_default.c
  mod_auth_basic.c
  mod_include.c
  mod_filter.c
  mod_log_config.c
  mod_env.c
  mod_setenvif.c
  mod_version.c
  worker.c
  http_core.c
  mod_mime.c
  mod_status.c
  mod_autoindex.c
  mod_asis.c
  mod_cgid.c
  mod_negotiation.c
  mod_dir.c
  mod_actions.c
  mod_userdir.c
  mod_alias.c
  mod_so.c

按照以上方式即可实现prefork和event两种方式（默认为prefork方式）

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --with-mpm=prefork
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/ --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --with-mpm=event

prefork: 预先创建进程，两级进程模型，父进程负责创建子进程，每个子进程响应一个用户请求
worker:父进程管理子进程，子进程通过线程响应用户请求，每线程处理一个用户请求
event:两级模型，父进程管理子进程，子进程通过event-driver机制直接响应n个请求

2、简述request报文请求方法和状态响应码
请求方法（method）:
GET:从服务器获取一个资源；
HEAD：只从服务器获取文档的响应首部；
POST:向服务器发送要处理的数据；
PUT：将请求的主体部分存储在服务器上；
DELETE：请求删除服务器上指定的文档；
TRACE：追踪请求到达服务器中间经过的代理服务器；
OPTIONS:请求服务器返回对指定资源支持使用的请求方法；
Status（状态码）：
1xx: 100-101，信息提示；
2xx: 200-206，成功
3xx: 300-305，重定向
4xx: 400-415，错误类信息，客户端错误
5xx: 500-505，服务器端错误
常用的状态码：
200：成功，请求的所有数据通过响应报文的entity-body部分发送；OK
301：请求的URL指向的资源的已经被删除；但在响应报文中通过首部Location指明了资源现在所处的新位置；Moved Permanently
302: 与301相似，但在响应报文中通过Location指明资源现在所处临时新位置；Found
304: 客户端发出了条件式请求，但服务器上的资源未曾发生改变，则通过响应此响应状态码通知客户端；Not Modified
401: 需要输入账号和密码认证方能访问资源；Unauthorzed
403: 请求被禁止；Forbidden
404: 服务器无法找到客户端请求的资源；Not Found
500: 服务器内部错误；Internal Server Error
502: 代理服务器从后端服务器收到了一条伪响应； Bad Gateway
3、详细描述httpd虚拟主机、站点访问控制、基于用户的访问控制、持久链接等应用配置实例

虚拟主机的实现方案：
基于IP地址
基于端口号（port）
基于主机域名（FQDN）

注意点：

一般虚拟主机不要与中心主机混用，要使用虚拟主机，得先禁用“main”主机，禁用方法：注释中心主机的DocumentRoot指令即可
配置VirtualHost,在httpd2.2中，NameVirtualHost这一项需启用2.2以上版本不需要

基于IP地址

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr add 192.168.10.30/24 dev ens32
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr add 192.168.10.31/24 dev ens32
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/30
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/31
[[email protected] ~]# echo "hello,ip address is "192.168.10.30"" > /var/www/html/30/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# echo "hello,ip address is "192.168.10.31"" > /var/www/html/31/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualhost.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.30:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/30"
ServerName www.magedu30.com
<Directory "/var/www/html/30">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.31:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/31"
ServerName www.magedu31.com
<Directory "/var/www/html/31">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
#最后测试结果
[email protected] ~]# curl 192.168.10.30
hello,ip address is 192.168.10.30
[[email protected] ~]# curl 192.168.10.31
hello,ip address is 192.168.10.31

基于端口号：

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/80
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/10080
[[email protected] ~]# echo "hi,the ip port is ‘80‘" >/var/www/html/80/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# echo "hi,the ip port is ‘10080‘" >/var/www/html/10080/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/test1.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
    ServerName www.magedu10.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/80"
    <Directory "/var/www/html/80">
             Options None
             AllowOverride None
             Require all granted
     </Directory>
     CustomLog "logs/test1_access_log"  combined
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/test2.conf 
Listen 10080
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:10080>
    ServerName www.test2.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/10080"
    <Directory "/var/www/html/10080">
           Options None
           AllowOverride None
           Require all granted
    </Directory>
    CustomLog "Logs/test2_access_log"  combined
</VirtualHost>
[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
#最后验证结果：
[[email protected] ~]# curl 192.168.10.10:80
hi,the ip port is ‘80‘
[[email protected] ~]# curl 192.168.10.10:8080
hi,the ip port is ‘10080‘

基于主机域名

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/ilinux
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/iunix
[[email protected] ~]# echo "domain name is ‘www.ilinux.com‘" >/var/www/html/ilinux/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# echo "domain name is ‘www.iunix.com‘" >/var/www/html/iunix/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualhost.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/ilinux"
ServerName www.ilinux.com
<Directory "</var/www/html/ilinux">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/iunix"
ServerName www.iunix.com
<Directory "/var/www/html/iunix">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.10 www.ilinux.com www.iunix.com
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd
#最后测试结果：
[[email protected] ~]# curl www.ilinux.com
domain name is ‘www.ilinux.com‘
[[email protected] ~]# curl www.iunix.com
domain name is ‘www.iunix.com‘

站点访问控制
禁止192.168.10.20访问

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/deny.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
    ServerName www.ilinux.com
    DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
    <Directory "/var/www/html">
           <Requireall>
                   Require all granted
                   Require not ip 192.168.10.20
           </Requireall>
     </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

基于用户的访问控制

[[email protected] ~]# htpasswd -c /tmp/test.users tom
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user tom
[[email protected] ~]# htpasswd -m /tmp/test.users jerry
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user jerry
[[email protected] ~]# htpasswd -m /tmp/test.users xiaochen
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user xiaochen
[[email protected] ~]# mv /tmp/test.users /etc/httpd/conf.d/.htpasswd
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/testusers
[[email protected] ~]# echo "Testusers Area" > /var/www/html/testusers/index.html
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/testusers.conf 
<Directory "/var/www/html/testusers">
    Options None
    AllowOverride None
    AuthType basic
    AuthName "Test Area,pls enter your username and password"
    AuthUserFile "/etc/httpd/conf.d/.htpasswd"
    Require user tom jerry obama
</Directory>
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/virtualhost.conf 
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/testusers"
ServerName www.ilinux.com
<Directory "</var/www/html/testusers">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost 192.168.10.10:80>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/testusers"
ServerName www.iunix.com
<Directory "/var/www/html/testusers">
AllowOverride None
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK 
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd

最后测试：
技术分享图片

持久链接
持久链接是建立链接后持续获取资源不断开，一直响应到把需要获取的资源都成功获取了以后才终止链接

#创建模块化文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/keepalive.conf 
KeepAlive On
KeepAliveTimeout 35
MaxKeepAliveRequests 100
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart httpd

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Centos7系统下httpd各种方式实现与配置

1、 Centos7系统下实现httpd-2.2的安装，并分别实现prefork、worker、event等几种工作方式

2、 简述request报文请求方法和状态响应码

3、详细描述httpd虚拟主机、站点访问控制、基于用户的访问控制、持久链接等应用配置实例

2、简述request报文请求方法和状态响应码