视图组件代码
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序列化器代码
# 声明序列化器
from rest_framework import serializers
from djangoDome.models import Book
class PublisherSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
class AuthorSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
id = serializers.IntegerField()
name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
#自定义字段
def my_validate(value):
if ‘xxoo‘ in value.lower():
#抛敏感词汇
raise serializers.ValidationError(‘敏感词汇‘)
return value
# class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
# id = serializers.IntegerField(required=False)
# title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32,)# 自定义的加这个参数 validators=[my_validate,]
# pub_time = serializers.DateField()
# category=serializers.CharField(source=‘get_category_display‘,read_only=True) #此处为多选时用
# #read_only = True 正序查找
# publisher=PublisherSerializer(read_only=True) #多对一
# authors=AuthorSerializer(many=True,read_only=True) #多对多用 many=True
#
# #write_only =True 反序查找 要重新定义
# post_category = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
# publisher_id = serializers.IntegerField(write_only=True)
# author_list = serializers.ListField(write_only=True)
#
# #重写 create 方法
# def create(self, validated_data):
# #validated_data 校验通过的数据 就是book_obj
# # 通过ORM操作给Book表增加数据
# book_obj=Book.objects.create(title=validated_data[‘title‘],
# pub_time=validated_data["pub_time"],
# category=validated_data["post_category"],
# publisher_id=validated_data["publisher_id"]
# )
# book_obj.authors.add(*validated_data[‘author_list‘])
# return book_obj
#
# #重写update 方法
# def update(self, instance, validated_data):
# # instance 更新的book_obj 对象
# # validated_data 校验通过的数据
# # ORM做更新操作 对每个字段进行更新
# instance.title=validated_data.get(‘title‘,instance.title)
# instance.pub_time = validated_data.get("pub_time", instance.pub_time)
# instance.category = validated_data.get("post_category", instance.category)
# instance.publisher_id = validated_data.get("publisher_id", instance.publisher_id)
# #此处是对多对多个字段 进行查询
# if validated_data.get("author_list"):
# #set 因为是列表多个数据
# instance.authors.set(validated_data["author_list"])
# #编辑一定要更新
# instance.save()
# return instance
#
# # 对单个值进行校验
# def validate_title(self,value):
# # value就是title的值 对value处理
# if ‘xxoo‘ not in value.lower():
# raise serializers.ValidationError(‘少东西了‘)
# return value
#
# #对所有字段进行 校验
# def validate(self, attrs):
# # attrs 字典有你传过来的所有的字段
# if ‘xxoo‘ in attrs[‘title‘].lower() and attrs["post_category"] == 1:
# return attrs
# else:
# raise serializers.ValidationError(‘分类或标题不合符要求‘)
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
#对多选字段,一对多,多对多字段 进行重新定义 此处为序列化的时候显示
category_display=serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
publisher_info=serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
authors_info=serializers.SerializerMethodField(read_only=True)
#多选查找 obj 就是序列化的每个Book对象
def get_category_display(self,obj):
return obj.get_category_display()
#一对多查找
def get_publisher_info(self,obj):
#找到查找外键的对象
publisher_obj=obj.publisher
#返回publisher表的内容
return {‘id‘:publisher_obj.id,‘title‘:publisher_obj.title}
#多对多的查找
def get_authors_info(self,obj):
#找到所有的对象
authors_obj=obj.authors.all()
# 返回authors表的内容 推到式
return [{"id":i.id,‘name‘:i.name}for i in authors_obj]
class Meta:
model=Book
fields=‘__all__‘
# exclude=["id"]
# 会让你这些所有的外键关系变成read_only = True 最多4层 不建议用
# depth = 1
#相当于extra_kwargs={"默认的字段名称"：{自定义的参数配置信息}}
#用在反序列化 给表字段添加参数
extra_kwargs={‘publisher‘:{‘write_only‘:True},
"authors": {"write_only": True}}
视图封装代码
from django.shortcuts import render
from rest_framework.views import APIView #视图
from djangoDome.models import Book
from rest_framework.response import Response #相等于django的render等
from SerDemo.serializers import BookSerializer
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin #重做as_view(),可以传参,第三次封装
from rest_framework import viewsets
# 封装为公共的类 都能用
class GenericAPIView(APIView):
# 此处为面向对象的设置静态变量一样 默认为空对其进行操作
queryset = None # 查到表的对象
serializer_class = None # 序列器
#定义方法 来取值
def get_queryset(self):
return self.queryset.all()#此处用all()为数据在缓存中,显示全部数据
def get_serializer(self,*args,**kwargs): #用*接收 意思为有不同的方法
return self.serializer_class(*args,**kwargs)
#封装所有的 get 请求方法
class ListModelMixin(object):
def list(self,request):
queryset=self.get_queryset() #取到所有的值
ser_obj=self.get_serializer(queryset,many=True)#用序列化器进行序列化
return Response(ser_obj.data)
# 封装所有的 post 请求方法
class CreateModelMixin(object):
def create(self,request):#request.data 是去到前端返回的值
ser_obj=self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
# 封装所有的 get 请求方法(获取一条数据)
class RetrieveModelMixin(object):
def retrieve(self,request,id):
book_obj=self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = BookSerializer(book_obj)
return Response(ser_obj.data)
# 封装所有的 put请求方法(获取一条数据)
class UpdateModelMixin(object):
def update(self,request,id):
book_obj=self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
ser_obj = self.get_serializer(instance=book_obj, data=request.data, partial=True)
if ser_obj.is_valid():
ser_obj.save()
return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
return Response(ser_obj.errors)
#封装删除 delete 的请求方法
class DestroyModelMixin(object):
def destroy(self,request,id):
book_obj = self.get_queryset().filter(id=id).first()
if not book_obj:
return Response("删除的对象不存在")
book_obj.delete()
return Response("")
#第二次封装 ()
class ListCreateAPIView(GenericAPIView, ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin):
pass
class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin):
pass
#此处为第二次封装的操作
class BookView(ListCreateAPIView):
queryset=Book.objects.all()
serializer_class=BookSerializer
def get(self,request):
return self.list(request)
def post(self,request):
return self.create(request)
class BookEditView(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self,request,id):
return self.retrieve(request,id)
def put(self,request,id):
return self.update(request,id)
def delete(self,request,id):
return self.destory(request,id)
# 第三次封装 需要之前定义的 请求类
class ModelViewSet(ViewSetMixin,ListCreateAPIView,RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
pass
#此处为第三次封装的操作 (自己定义的方法)
class BookModelView(ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
#此处为第三次封装的操作 (django定义的方法)
class BokModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
#最原始的操作
# class BookView(APIView):
# #查看所有数据
# def get(self,request):
# book_obj=Book.objects.all()#
# # [book_obj, ]获取所有数据
# # 用序列化器进行序列化
# ser_obj= BookSerializer(book_obj,many=True)#many=True 显示 多条数据 单条数据不用
# return Response(ser_obj.data)
#
# #新增数据
# def post(self,request):
# #先确定数据结构及数据类型
# #对前端传来的数据进行校验
# book_obj=request.data
# ser_obj=BookSerializer(data=book_obj) #data 使用来进行反序的
# #对虚拟器反序的数据做判断
# if ser_obj.is_valid():
# ser_obj.save()
# #ser_obj.validated_data 为验证通过
# return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
# #验证不通过 抛异常
# return Response(ser_obj.errors)
#
#
# class BookEditView(APIView):
# #获取单条id
# def get(self,request,id):
# book_obj=Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
# ser_obj=BookSerializer(book_obj)
# return Response(ser_obj.data)
#
# #更新单挑数据 用put
# def put(self,request,id):
# book_obj=Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
# #instance= data= 是反序所用的方法 partial=True 为部分校验,识别更新的
# ser_obj=BookSerializer(instance=book_obj,data=request.data,
# partial=True
# )
# # 对虚拟器反序的数据做判断
# if ser_obj.is_valid():
# ser_obj.save()
# return Response(ser_obj.validated_data)
# return Response(ser_obj.error)
#
# #删除数据
# def delete(self,request,id):
# book_obj=Book.objects.filter(id=id).first()
# if not book_obj:
# return Response(‘删除的对象不存在‘)
# book_obj.delete()
# return Response(‘‘)
url路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from djangoDome import views
from SerDemo import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter # 帮助我们生成带参数的路由
router=DefaultRouter() #实例化DsfaultRouter
router.register(‘^book‘,views.BokModelView) # 注册我们的路由以及视图
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^book/$‘, views.BookView.as_view()),
url(r‘^book/(?P<id>d+)/$‘, views.BookEditView.as_view()),
url(r‘^book/$‘, views.BookModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
url(r‘^book/(?P<id>d+)/$‘, views.BookModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),
django 自己封装的方法 用pk
url(r‘^book/$‘, views.BokModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})),
url(r‘^book/(?P<pk>d+)/$‘, views.BokModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})),
]
urlpatterns += router.urls
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