Django涔婱odel鎿嶄綔
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AutoField(Field) - int鑷鍒楋紝蹇呴』濉叆鍙傛暟 primary_key=True BigAutoField(AutoField) - bigint鑷鍒楋紝蹇呴』濉叆鍙傛暟 primary_key=True 娉細褰搈odel涓鏋滄病鏈夎嚜澧炲垪锛屽垯鑷姩浼氬垱寤轰竴涓垪鍚嶄负id鐨勫垪 from django.db import models class UserInfo(models.Model): # 鑷姩鍒涘缓涓€涓垪鍚嶄负id鐨勪笖涓鸿嚜澧炵殑鏁存暟鍒?/span> username = models.CharField(max_length=32) class Group(models.Model): # 鑷畾涔夎嚜澧炲垪 nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) name = models.CharField(max_length=32) SmallIntegerField(IntegerField): - 灏忔暣鏁?-32768 锝?32767 PositiveSmallIntegerField(PositiveIntegerRelDbTypeMixin, IntegerField) - 姝ｅ皬鏁存暟 0 锝?32767 IntegerField(Field) - 鏁存暟鍒?鏈夌鍙风殑) -2147483648 锝?2147483647 PositiveIntegerField(PositiveIntegerRelDbTypeMixin, IntegerField) - 姝ｆ暣鏁?0 锝?2147483647 BigIntegerField(IntegerField): - 闀挎暣鍨?鏈夌鍙风殑) -9223372036854775808 锝?9223372036854775807 BooleanField(Field) - 甯冨皵鍊肩被鍨? NullBooleanField(Field): - 鍙互涓虹┖鐨勫竷灏斿€? CharField(Field) - 瀛楃绫诲瀷 - 蹇呴』鎻愪緵max_length鍙傛暟锛?max_length琛ㄧず瀛楃闀垮害 TextField(Field) - 鏂囨湰绫诲瀷 EmailField(CharField)锛? - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涢獙璇佹満鍒? IPAddressField(Field) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涢獙璇?IPV4 鏈哄埗 GenericIPAddressField(Field) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涢獙璇?Ipv4鍜孖pv6 - 鍙傛暟锛? protocol锛岀敤浜庢寚瀹欼pv4鎴朓pv6锛?鈥?/span>both鈥?/span>,"ipv4","ipv6" unpack_ipv4锛?濡傛灉鎸囧畾涓篢rue锛屽垯杈撳叆::ffff:192.0.2.1鏃跺€欙紝鍙В鏋愪负192.0.2.1锛屽紑鍚埡鍔熻兘锛岄渶瑕乸rotocol="both" URLField(CharField) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涢獙璇?URL SlugField(CharField) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涢獙璇佹敮鎸?瀛楁瘝銆佹暟瀛椼€佷笅鍒掔嚎銆佽繛鎺ョ锛堝噺鍙凤級 CommaSeparatedIntegerField(CharField) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝鏍煎紡蹇呴』涓洪€楀彿鍒嗗壊鐨勬暟瀛? UUIDField(Field) - 瀛楃涓茬被鍨嬶紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涘UUID鏍煎紡鐨勯獙璇? FilePathField(Field) - 瀛楃涓诧紝Django Admin浠ュ強ModelForm涓彁渚涜鍙栨枃浠跺す涓嬫枃浠剁殑鍔熻兘 - 鍙傛暟锛? path, 鏂囦欢澶硅矾寰? match=None, 姝ｅ垯鍖归厤 recursive=False, 閫掑綊涓嬮潰鐨勬枃浠跺す allow_files=True, 鍏佽鏂囦欢 allow_folders=False, 鍏佽鏂囦欢澶? FileField(Field) - 瀛楃涓诧紝璺緞淇濆瓨鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱锛屾枃浠朵笂浼犲埌鎸囧畾鐩綍 - 鍙傛暟锛? upload_to = "" 涓婁紶鏂囦欢鐨勪繚瀛樿矾寰? storage = None 瀛樺偍缁勪欢锛岄粯璁jango.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage ImageField(FileField) - 瀛楃涓诧紝璺緞淇濆瓨鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱锛屾枃浠朵笂浼犲埌鎸囧畾鐩綍 - 鍙傛暟锛? upload_to = "" 涓婁紶鏂囦欢鐨勪繚瀛樿矾寰? storage = None 瀛樺偍缁勪欢锛岄粯璁jango.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage width_field=None, 涓婁紶鍥剧墖鐨勯珮搴︿繚瀛樼殑鏁版嵁搴撳瓧娈靛悕锛堝瓧绗︿覆锛? height_field=None 涓婁紶鍥剧墖鐨勫搴︿繚瀛樼殑鏁版嵁搴撳瓧娈靛悕锛堝瓧绗︿覆锛? DateTimeField(DateField) - 鏃ユ湡+鏃堕棿鏍煎紡 YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]][TZ] DateField(DateTimeCheckMixin, Field) - 鏃ユ湡鏍煎紡 YYYY-MM-DD TimeField(DateTimeCheckMixin, Field) - 鏃堕棿鏍煎紡 HH:MM[:ss[.uuuuuu]] DurationField(Field) - 闀挎暣鏁帮紝鏃堕棿闂撮殧锛屾暟鎹簱涓寜鐓igint瀛樺偍锛孫RM涓幏鍙栫殑鍊间负datetime.timedelta绫诲瀷 FloatField(Field) - 娴偣鍨? DecimalField(Field) - 10杩涘埗灏忔暟 - 鍙傛暟锛? max_digits锛屽皬鏁版€婚暱搴? decimal_places锛屽皬鏁颁綅闀垮害 BinaryField(Field) - 浜岃繘鍒剁被鍨? 瀛楁鍒楄〃
class UnsignedIntegerField(models.IntegerField): def db_type(self, connection): return 鈥?/span>integer UNSIGNED鈥?/span> PS: 杩斿洖鍊间负瀛楁鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓殑灞炴€э紝Django瀛楁榛樿鐨勫€间负锛? 鈥?/span>AutoField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>integer AUTO_INCREMENT鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>BigAutoField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>bigint AUTO_INCREMENT鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>BinaryField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>longblob鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>BooleanField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>bool鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>CharField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>varchar(%(max_length)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>CommaSeparatedIntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>varchar(%(max_length)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>DateField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>date鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>DateTimeField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>datetime鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>DecimalField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>numeric(%(max_digits)s, %(decimal_places)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>DurationField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>bigint鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>FileField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>varchar(%(max_length)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>FilePathField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>varchar(%(max_length)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>FloatField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>double precision鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>IntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>integer鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>BigIntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>bigint鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>IPAddressField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>char(15)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>GenericIPAddressField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>char(39)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>NullBooleanField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>bool鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>OneToOneField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>integer鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>PositiveIntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>integer UNSIGNED鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>PositiveSmallIntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>smallint UNSIGNED鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>SlugField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>varchar(%(max_length)s)鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>SmallIntegerField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>smallint鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>TextField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>longtext鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>TimeField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>time鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>UUIDField鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>char(32)鈥?/span>,
1.瑙﹀彂Model涓殑楠岃瘉鍜岄敊璇彁绀烘湁涓ょ鏂瑰紡锛? a. Django Admin涓殑閿欒淇℃伅浼氫紭鍏堟牴鎹瓵dmiin鍐呴儴鐨凪odelForm閿欒淇℃伅鎻愮ず锛屽鏋滈兘鎴愬姛锛屾墠鏉ユ鏌odel鐨勫瓧娈靛苟鏄剧ず鎸囧畾閿欒淇℃伅 b. 浣跨敤ModelForm c. 璋冪敤Model瀵硅薄鐨?clean_fields 鏂规硶锛屽锛? # models.py class UserInfo(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) username = models.CharField(max_length=32) email = models.EmailField(error_messages={鈥?/span>invalid鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>鏍煎紡閿欎簡.鈥?/span>}) # views.py def index(request): obj = models.UserInfo(username=鈥?/span>11234鈥?/span>, email=鈥?/span>uu鈥?/span>) try: print(obj.clean_fields()) except Exception as e: print(e) return HttpResponse(鈥?/span>ok鈥?/span>) # Model鐨刢lean鏂规硶鏄竴涓挬瀛愶紝鍙敤浜庡畾鍒舵搷浣滐紝濡傦細涓婅堪鐨勫紓甯稿鐞嗐€?/span> 2.Admin涓慨鏀归敊璇彁绀? # admin.py from django.contrib import admin from model_club import models from django import forms class UserInfoForm(forms.ModelForm): age = forms.IntegerField(initial=1, error_messages={鈥?/span>required鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>璇疯緭鍏ユ暟鍊?鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>invalid鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>骞撮緞蹇呴』涓烘暟鍊?鈥?/span>}) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo # fields = (鈥榰sername鈥?) fields = "__all__" exclude = [鈥?/span>title鈥?/span>] labels = { 鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>:鈥?/span>Writer鈥?/span>, } help_texts = {鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>:鈥?/span>some useful help text.鈥?/span>,} error_messages={ 鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>:{鈥?/span>max_length鈥?/span>:"this writer name is too long"} } widgets={鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>:Textarea(attrs={鈥?/span>cols鈥?/span>:80,鈥?/span>rows鈥?/span>:20})} class UserInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = UserInfoForm admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserInfoAdmin)
瀛楁鍙傛暟
null 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鏄惁鍙互涓虹┖ db_column 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鐨勫垪鍚? default 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鐨勯粯璁ゅ€? primary_key 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鏄惁涓轰富閿? db_index 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鏄惁鍙互寤虹珛绱㈠紩 unique 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁鏄惁鍙互寤虹珛鍞竴绱㈠紩 unique_for_date 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁銆愭棩鏈熴€戦儴鍒嗘槸鍚﹀彲浠ュ缓绔嬪敮涓€绱㈠紩 unique_for_month 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁銆愭湀銆戦儴鍒嗘槸鍚﹀彲浠ュ缓绔嬪敮涓€绱㈠紩 unique_for_year 鏁版嵁搴撲腑瀛楁銆愬勾銆戦儴鍒嗘槸鍚﹀彲浠ュ缓绔嬪敮涓€绱㈠紩 verbose_name Admin涓樉绀虹殑瀛楁鍚嶇О blank Admin涓槸鍚﹀厑璁哥敤鎴疯緭鍏ヤ负绌? editable Admin涓槸鍚﹀彲浠ョ紪杈? help_text Admin涓瀛楁鐨勬彁绀轰俊鎭? choices Admin涓樉绀洪€夋嫨妗嗙殑鍐呭锛岀敤涓嶅彉鍔ㄧ殑鏁版嵁鏀惧湪鍐呭瓨涓粠鑰岄伩鍏嶈法琛ㄦ搷浣? 濡傦細gf = models.IntegerField(choices=[(0, 鈥?/span>浣曠鈥?/span>),(1, 鈥?/span>澶ц〃濮?/span>鈥?/span>),],default=1) error_messages 鑷畾涔夐敊璇俊鎭紙瀛楀吀绫诲瀷锛夛紝浠庤€屽畾鍒舵兂瑕佹樉绀虹殑閿欒淇℃伅锛? 瀛楀吀鍋ワ細null, blank, invalid, invalid_choice, unique, and unique_for_date 濡傦細{鈥?/span>null鈥?/span>: "涓嶈兘涓虹┖.", 鈥?/span>invalid鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>鏍煎紡閿欒鈥?/span>} validators 鑷畾涔夐敊璇獙璇侊紙鍒楄〃绫诲瀷锛夛紝浠庤€屽畾鍒舵兂瑕佺殑楠岃瘉瑙勫垯 from django.core.validators import RegexValidator from django.core.validators import EmailValidator,URLValidator,DecimalValidator, MaxLengthValidator,MinLengthValidator,MaxValueValidator,MinValueValidator 濡傦細 test = models.CharField( max_length=32, error_messages={ 鈥?/span>c1鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>浼樺厛閿欎俊鎭?鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>c2鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>浼樺厛閿欎俊鎭?鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>c3鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>浼樺厛閿欎俊鎭?鈥?/span>, }, validators=[ RegexValidator(regex=鈥?/span>root_d+鈥?/span>, message=鈥?/span>閿欒浜?/span>鈥?/span>, code=鈥?/span>c1鈥?/span>), RegexValidator(regex=鈥?/span>root_112233d+鈥?/span>, message=鈥?/span>鍙堥敊璇簡鈥?/span>, code=鈥?/span>c2鈥?/span>), EmailValidator(message=鈥?/span>鍙堥敊璇簡鈥?/span>, code=鈥?/span>c3鈥?/span>), ] )
鍏冧俊鎭?/h2>
class UserInfo(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
class Meta:
# 鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐢熸垚鐨勮〃鍚嶇О 榛樿 app鍚嶇О + 涓嬪垝绾?+ 绫诲悕
db_table = "table_name"
# 鑱斿悎绱㈠紩
index_together = [
("pub_date", "deadline"),
]
# 鑱斿悎鍞竴绱㈠紩
unique_together = (("driver", "restaurant"),)
# admin涓樉绀虹殑琛ㄥ悕绉?/span>
verbose_name
# verbose_name鍔爏
verbose_name_plural
浠ｇ爜绀轰緥
澶氳〃鍏崇郴鍙婂弬鏁?/h2>
ForeignKey(ForeignObject) # ForeignObject(RelatedField)
to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕
to_field=None, # 瑕佸叧鑱旂殑琛ㄤ腑鐨勫瓧娈靛悕绉?/span>
on_delete=None, # 褰撳垹闄ゅ叧鑱旇〃涓殑鏁版嵁鏃讹紝褰撳墠琛ㄤ笌鍏跺叧鑱旂殑琛岀殑琛屼负
- models.CASCADE锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈涔熷垹闄?
- models.DO_NOTHING锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝寮曞彂閿欒IntegrityError
- models.PROTECT锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝寮曞彂閿欒ProtectedError
- models.SET_NULL锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负null锛堝墠鎻怓K瀛楁闇€瑕佽缃负鍙┖锛?
- models.SET_DEFAULT锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负榛樿鍊硷紙鍓嶆彁FK瀛楁闇€瑕佽缃粯璁ゅ€硷級
- models.SET锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝
a. 涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负鎸囧畾鍊硷紝璁剧疆锛歮odels.SET(鍊?
b. 涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负鍙墽琛屽璞＄殑杩斿洖鍊硷紝璁剧疆锛歮odels.SET(鍙墽琛屽璞?
def func():
return 10
class MyModel(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(
to="User",
to_field="id"
on_delete=models.SET(func),)
related_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勫瓧娈靛悕锛岀敤浜庝唬鏇?銆愯〃鍚峗set銆?濡傦細 obj.琛ㄥ悕_set.all()
related_query_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勮繛鎺ュ墠缂€锛岀敤浜庢浛鎹€愯〃鍚嶃€? 濡傦細 models.UserGroup.objects.filter(琛ㄥ悕__瀛楁鍚?1).values(鈥樿〃鍚峗_瀛楁鍚嶁€?
limit_choices_to=None, # 鍦ˋdmin鎴朚odelForm涓樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹椂锛屾彁渚涚殑鏉′欢锛?/span>
# 濡傦細
- limit_choices_to={鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5}
- limit_choices_to=lambda : {鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5}
from django.db.models import Q
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥?/span>root鈥?/span>)
db_constraint=True # 鏄惁鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓垱寤哄閿害鏉?/span>
parent_link=False # 鍦ˋdmin涓槸鍚︽樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹?/span>
OneToOneField(ForeignKey)
to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕
to_field=None # 瑕佸叧鑱旂殑琛ㄤ腑鐨勫瓧娈靛悕绉?/span>
on_delete=None, # 褰撳垹闄ゅ叧鑱旇〃涓殑鏁版嵁鏃讹紝褰撳墠琛ㄤ笌鍏跺叧鑱旂殑琛岀殑琛屼负
###### 瀵逛簬涓€瀵逛竴 ######
# 1. 涓€瀵逛竴鍏跺疄灏辨槸 涓€瀵瑰 + 鍞竴绱㈠紩
# 2.褰撲袱涓被涔嬮棿鏈夌户鎵垮叧绯绘椂锛岄粯璁や細鍒涘缓涓€涓竴瀵逛竴瀛楁
# 濡備笅浼氬湪A琛ㄤ腑棰濆澧炲姞涓€涓猚_ptr_id鍒椾笖鍞竴锛?/span>
class C(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
part = models.CharField(max_length=12)
class A(C):
id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
code = models.CharField(max_length=1)
ManyToManyField(RelatedField)
to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕
related_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勫瓧娈靛悕锛岀敤浜庝唬鏇?銆愯〃鍚峗set銆?濡傦細 obj.琛ㄥ悕_set.all()
related_query_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勮繛鎺ュ墠缂€锛岀敤浜庢浛鎹€愯〃鍚嶃€? 濡傦細 models.UserGroup.objects.filter(琛ㄥ悕__瀛楁鍚?1).values(鈥樿〃鍚峗_瀛楁鍚嶁€?
limit_choices_to=None, # 鍦ˋdmin鎴朚odelForm涓樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹椂锛屾彁渚涚殑鏉′欢锛?/span>
# 濡傦細
- limit_choices_to={鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5}
- limit_choices_to=lambda : {鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5}
from django.db.models import Q
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
- limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥?/span>root鈥?/span>)
symmetrical=None, # 浠呯敤浜庡瀵瑰鑷叧鑱旀椂锛宻ymmetrical鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾鍐呴儴鏄惁鍒涘缓鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鐨勫瓧娈?/span>
# 鍋氬涓嬫搷浣滄椂锛屼笉鍚岀殑symmetrical浼氭湁涓嶅悓鐨勫彲閫夊瓧娈?/span>
models.BB.objects.filter(...)
# 鍙€夊瓧娈垫湁锛歝ode, id, m1
class BB(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=12)
m1 = models.ManyToManyField(鈥?/span>self鈥?/span>,symmetrical=True)
# 鍙€夊瓧娈垫湁: bb, code, id, m1
class BB(models.Model):
code = models.CharField(max_length=12)
m1 = models.ManyToManyField(鈥?/span>self鈥?/span>,symmetrical=False)
through=None, # 鑷畾涔夌涓夊紶琛ㄦ椂锛屼娇鐢ㄥ瓧娈电敤浜庢寚瀹氬叧绯昏〃
through_fields=None, # 鑷畾涔夌涓夊紶琛ㄦ椂锛屼娇鐢ㄥ瓧娈电敤浜庢寚瀹氬叧绯昏〃涓偅浜涘瓧娈靛仛澶氬澶氬叧绯昏〃
from django.db import models
class Person(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
class Group(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
members = models.ManyToManyField(
Person,
through=鈥?/span>Membership鈥?/span>,
through_fields=(鈥?/span>group鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>person鈥?/span>),
)
class Membership(models.Model):
group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
inviter = models.ForeignKey(
Person,
on_delete=models.CASCADE,
related_name="membership_invites",
)
invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64)
db_constraint=True, # 鏄惁鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓垱寤哄閿害鏉?/span>
db_table=None, # 榛樿鍒涘缓绗笁寮犺〃鏃讹紝鏁版嵁搴撲腑琛ㄧ殑鍚嶇О
View Code
ORM鎿嶄綔
# 澧?/span>
#
# models.Tb1.objects.create(c1=鈥榵x鈥? c2=鈥榦o鈥? 澧炲姞涓€鏉℃暟鎹紝鍙互鎺ュ彈瀛楀吀绫诲瀷鏁版嵁 **kwargs
# obj = models.Tb1(c1=鈥榵x鈥? c2=鈥榦o鈥?
# obj.save()
# 鏌?/span>
#
# models.Tb1.objects.get(id=123) # 鑾峰彇鍗曟潯鏁版嵁锛屼笉瀛樺湪鍒欐姤閿欙紙涓嶅缓璁級
# models.Tb1.objects.all() # 鑾峰彇鍏ㄩ儴
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥? # 鑾峰彇鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name=鈥榮even鈥? # 鑾峰彇鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span>
# 鍒?/span>
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.delete() # 鍒犻櫎鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span>
# 鏀?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.update(gender=鈥?鈥? # 灏嗘寚瀹氭潯浠剁殑鏁版嵁鏇存柊锛屽潎鏀寔 **kwargs
# obj = models.Tb1.objects.get(id=1)
# obj.c1 = 鈥?11鈥?/span>
# obj.save() # 淇敼鍗曟潯鏁版嵁
鍩烘湰澧炲垹鏀规煡
# 鑾峰彇涓暟
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.count()
# 澶т簬锛屽皬浜?/span>
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬1鐨勫€?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬绛変簬1鐨勫€?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10) # 鑾峰彇id灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10) # 鑾峰彇id灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬1 涓?灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span>
# in
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # 鑾峰彇id绛変簬11銆?2銆?3鐨勬暟鎹?/span>
# models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # not in
# isnull
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True)
# contains
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven")
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains澶у皬鍐欎笉鏁忔劅
# models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven")
# range
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2]) # 鑼冨洿bettwen and
# 鍏朵粬绫讳技
#
# startswith锛宨startswith, endswith, iendswith,
# order by
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.order_by(鈥榠d鈥? # asc
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.order_by(鈥?id鈥? # desc
# group by
#
# from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(c1=1).values(鈥榠d鈥?.annotate(c=Count(鈥榥um鈥?)
# SELECT "app01_tb1"."id", COUNT("app01_tb1"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_tb1" WHERE "app01_tb1"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_tb1"."id"
# limit 銆乷ffset
#
# models.Tb1.objects.all()[10:20]
# regex姝ｅ垯鍖归厤锛宨regex 涓嶅尯鍒嗗ぇ灏忓啓
#
# Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r鈥榐(An?|The) +鈥?
# Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r鈥榐(an?|the) +鈥?
# date
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1))
# year
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2005)
# month
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6)
# day
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3)
# week_day
#
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2)
# Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2)
# hour
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23)
# Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12)
# minute
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29)
# Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29)
# second
#
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31)
# Event.objects.filter(time__second=2)
# Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)
杩涢樁鎿嶄綔
# extra
#
# extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
# Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥榥ew_id鈥? "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))
# Entry.objects.extra(where=[鈥榟eadline=%s鈥榏, params=[鈥楲ennon鈥榏)
# Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo=鈥榓鈥?OR bar = 鈥榓鈥?, "baz = 鈥榓鈥?])
# Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥榥ew_id鈥? "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=[鈥?nid鈥榏)
# F
#
# from django.db.models import F
# models.Tb1.objects.update(num=F(鈥榥um鈥?+1)
# Q
#
# 鏂瑰紡涓€锛?/span>
# Q(nid__gt=10)
# Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)
# Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥榬oot鈥?
# 鏂瑰紡浜岋細
# con = Q()
# q1 = Q()
# q1.connector = 鈥極R鈥?/span>
# q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 1))
# q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 10))
# q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 9))
# q2 = Q()
# q2.connector = 鈥極R鈥?/span>
# q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 1))
# q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 10))
# q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 9))
# con.add(q1, 鈥楢ND鈥?
# con.add(q2, 鈥楢ND鈥?
#
# models.Tb1.objects.filter(con)
# 鎵ц鍘熺敓SQL
#
# from django.db import connection, connections
# cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections[鈥榙efault鈥榏.cursor()
# cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
# row = cursor.fetchone()
楂樼骇鎿嶄綔
##################################################################
# PUBLIC METHODS THAT ALTER ATTRIBUTES AND RETURN A NEW QUERYSET #
##################################################################
def all(self)
# 鑾峰彇鎵€鏈夌殑鏁版嵁瀵硅薄
def filter(self, *args, **kwargs)
# 鏉′欢鏌ヨ
# 鏉′欢鍙互鏄細鍙傛暟锛屽瓧鍏革紝Q
def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs)
# 鏉′欢鏌ヨ
# 鏉′欢鍙互鏄細鍙傛暟锛屽瓧鍏革紝Q
def select_related(self, *fields)
鎬ц兘鐩稿叧锛氳〃涔嬮棿杩涜join杩炶〃鎿嶄綔锛屼竴娆℃€ц幏鍙栧叧鑱旂殑鏁版嵁銆?
model.tb.objects.all().select_related()
model.tb.objects.all().select_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>)
model.tb.objects.all().select_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁__澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>)
def prefetch_related(self, *lookups)
鎬ц兘鐩稿叧锛氬琛ㄨ繛琛ㄦ搷浣滄椂閫熷害浼氭參锛屼娇鐢ㄥ叾鎵ц澶氭SQL鏌ヨ鍦≒ython浠ｇ爜涓疄鐜拌繛琛ㄦ搷浣溿€?
# 鑾峰彇鎵€鏈夌敤鎴疯〃
# 鑾峰彇鐢ㄦ埛绫诲瀷琛╳here id in (鐢ㄦ埛琛ㄤ腑鐨勬煡鍒扮殑鎵€鏈夌敤鎴稩D)
models.UserInfo.objects.prefetch_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>)
from django.db.models import Count, Case, When, IntegerField
Article.objects.annotate(
numviews=Count(Case(
When(readership__what_time__lt=treshold, then=1),
output_field=CharField(),
))
)
students = Student.objects.all().annotate(num_excused_absences=models.Sum(
models.Case(
models.When(absence__type=鈥?/span>Excused鈥?/span>, then=1),
default=0,
output_field=models.IntegerField()
)))
def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs)
# 鐢ㄤ簬瀹炵幇鑱氬悎group by鏌ヨ
from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum
v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>))
# SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id
v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>)).filter(uid__gt=1)
# SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1
v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>,distinct=True)).filter(uid__gt=1)
# SELECT u_id, COUNT( DISTINCT ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1
def distinct(self, *field_names)
# 鐢ㄤ簬distinct鍘婚噸
models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>nid鈥?/span>).distinct()
# select distinct nid from userinfo
娉細鍙湁鍦≒ostgreSQL涓墠鑳戒娇鐢╠istinct杩涜鍘婚噸
def order_by(self, *field_names)
# 鐢ㄤ簬鎺掑簭
models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by(鈥?/span>-id鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>age鈥?/span>)
def extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)
# 鏋勯€犻澶栫殑鏌ヨ鏉′欢鎴栬€呮槧灏勶紝濡傦細瀛愭煡璇?/span>
Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥?/span>new_id鈥?/span>: "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,))
Entry.objects.extra(where=[鈥?/span>headline=%s鈥?/span>], params=[鈥?/span>Lennon鈥?/span>])
Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo=鈥榓鈥?OR bar = 鈥榓鈥?/span>", "baz = 鈥榓鈥?/span>"])
Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥?/span>new_id鈥?/span>: "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=[鈥?/span>-nid鈥?/span>])
def reverse(self):
# 鍊掑簭
models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by(鈥?/span>-nid鈥?/span>).reverse()
# 娉細濡傛灉瀛樺湪order_by锛宺everse鍒欐槸鍊掑簭锛屽鏋滃涓帓搴忓垯涓€涓€鍊掑簭
def defer(self, *fields):
models.UserInfo.objects.defer(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>)
鎴?
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).defer(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>)
#鏄犲皠涓帓闄ゆ煇鍒楁暟鎹?/span>
def only(self, *fields):
#浠呭彇鏌愪釜琛ㄤ腑鐨勬暟鎹?/span>
models.UserInfo.objects.only(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>)
鎴?
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).only(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>)
def using(self, alias):
鎸囧畾浣跨敤鐨勬暟鎹簱锛屽弬鏁颁负鍒悕锛坰etting涓殑璁剧疆锛?
##################################################
# PUBLIC METHODS THAT RETURN A QUERYSET SUBCLASS #
##################################################
def raw(self, raw_query, params=None, translations=None, using=None):
# 鎵ц鍘熺敓SQL
models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select * from userinfo鈥?/span>)
# 濡傛灉SQL鏄叾浠栬〃鏃讹紝蹇呴』灏嗗悕瀛楄缃负褰撳墠UserInfo瀵硅薄鐨勪富閿垪鍚?/span>
models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select id as nid from 鍏朵粬琛?/span>鈥?/span>)
# 涓哄師鐢烻QL璁剧疆鍙傛暟
models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select id as nid from userinfo where nid>%s鈥?/span>, params=[12,])
# 灏嗚幏鍙栫殑鍒板垪鍚嶈浆鎹负鎸囧畾鍒楀悕
name_map = {鈥?/span>first鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>first_name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>last鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>last_name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>bd鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>birth_date鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>pk鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>}
Person.objects.raw(鈥?/span>SELECT * FROM some_other_table鈥?/span>, translations=name_map)
# 鎸囧畾鏁版嵁搴?/span>
models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select * from userinfo鈥?/span>, using="default")
################### 鍘熺敓SQL ###################
from django.db import connection, connections
cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections[鈥榙efault鈥榏.cursor()
cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
row = cursor.fetchone() # fetchall()/fetchmany(..)
def values(self, *fields):
# 鑾峰彇姣忚鏁版嵁涓哄瓧鍏告牸寮?/span>
def values_list(self, *fields, **kwargs):
# 鑾峰彇姣忚鏁版嵁涓哄厓绁?/span>
def dates(self, field_name, kind, order=鈥?/span>ASC鈥?/span>):
# 鏍规嵁鏃堕棿杩涜鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎杩涜鍘婚噸鏌ユ壘骞舵埅鍙栨寚瀹氬唴瀹?/span>
# kind鍙兘鏄細"year"锛堝勾锛? "month"锛堝勾-鏈堬級, "day"锛堝勾-鏈?鏃ワ級
# order鍙兘鏄細"ASC" "DESC"
# 骞惰幏鍙栬浆鎹㈠悗鐨勬椂闂?/span>
- year : 骞?01-01
- month: 骞?鏈?01
- day : 骞?鏈?鏃?
models.DatePlus.objects.dates(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>day鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>DESC鈥?/span>)
def datetimes(self, field_name, kind, order=鈥?/span>ASC鈥?/span>, tzinfo=None):
# 鏍规嵁鏃堕棿杩涜鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎杩涜鍘婚噸鏌ユ壘骞舵埅鍙栨寚瀹氬唴瀹癸紝灏嗘椂闂磋浆鎹负鎸囧畾鏃跺尯鏃堕棿
# kind鍙兘鏄?"year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second"
# order鍙兘鏄細"ASC" "DESC"
# tzinfo鏃跺尯瀵硅薄
models.DDD.objects.datetimes(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>hour鈥?/span>,tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
models.DDD.objects.datetimes(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>hour鈥?/span>,tzinfo=pytz.timezone(鈥?/span>Asia/Shanghai鈥?/span>))
"""
pip3 install pytz
import pytz
pytz.all_timezones
pytz.timezone(‘Asia/Shanghai’)
"""
def none(self):
# 绌篞uerySet瀵硅薄
####################################
# METHODS THAT DO DATABASE QUERIES #
####################################
def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 鑱氬悎鍑芥暟锛岃幏鍙栧瓧鍏哥被鍨嬭仛鍚堢粨鏋?/span>
from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum
result = models.UserInfo.objects.aggregate(k=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>, distinct=True), n=Count(鈥?/span>nid鈥?/span>))
===> {鈥?/span>k鈥?/span>: 3, 鈥?/span>n鈥?/span>: 4}
def count(self):
# 鑾峰彇涓暟
def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 鑾峰彇鍗曚釜瀵硅薄
def create(self, **kwargs):
# 鍒涘缓瀵硅薄
def bulk_create(self, objs, batch_size=None):
# 鎵归噺鎻掑叆
# batch_size琛ㄧず涓€娆℃彃鍏ョ殑涓暟
objs = [
models.DDD(name=鈥?/span>r11鈥?/span>),
models.DDD(name=鈥?/span>r22鈥?/span>)
]
models.DDD.objects.bulk_create(objs, 10)
def get_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs):
# 濡傛灉瀛樺湪锛屽垯鑾峰彇锛屽惁鍒欙紝鍒涘缓
# defaults 鎸囧畾鍒涘缓鏃讹紝鍏朵粬瀛楁鐨勫€?/span>
obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.get_or_create(username=鈥?/span>root1鈥?/span>, defaults={鈥?/span>email鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>1111111鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>: 2, 鈥?/span>t_id鈥?/span>: 2})
def update_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs):
# 濡傛灉瀛樺湪锛屽垯鏇存柊锛屽惁鍒欙紝鍒涘缓
# defaults 鎸囧畾鍒涘缓鏃舵垨鏇存柊鏃剁殑鍏朵粬瀛楁
obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.update_or_create(username=鈥?/span>root1鈥?/span>, defaults={鈥?/span>email鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>1111111鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>: 2, 鈥?/span>t_id鈥?/span>: 1})
def first(self):
# 鑾峰彇绗竴涓?/span>
def last(self):
# 鑾峰彇鏈€鍚庝竴涓?/span>
def in_bulk(self, id_list=None):
# 鏍规嵁涓婚敭ID杩涜鏌ユ壘
id_list = [11,21,31]
models.DDD.objects.in_bulk(id_list)
def delete(self):
# 鍒犻櫎
def update(self, **kwargs):
# 鏇存柊
def exists(self):
# 鏄惁鏈夌粨鏋?/span>
鍏朵粬
鍏朵粬
import pymysql
from django.db import connection, connections
connection.connect()
conn = connection.connection
cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor.execute("""SELECT * from app01_userinfo""")
row = cursor.fetchone()
connection.close()
django鍘熺敓sql鑾峰彇cursor瀛楀吀
# 鏁板瓧鑷
from django.db.models import F
models.UserInfo.objects.update(num=F(鈥?/span>num鈥?/span>) + 1)
# 瀛楃涓叉洿鏂?/span>
from django.db.models.functions import Concat
from django.db.models import Value
models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>pwd鈥?/span>))
models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>, Value(鈥?/span>666鈥?/span>)))
鏁板瓧鑷 瀛楃涓叉洿鏂?/span>
# ########### 鍩虹鍑芥暟 ###########
# 1. Concat锛岀敤浜庡仛绫诲瀷杞崲
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Cast(鈥榩wd鈥? FloatField()))
# 2. Coalesce锛屼粠鍓嶅悜鍚庯紝鏌ヨ绗竴涓笉涓虹┖鐨勫€?/span>
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Coalesce(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Coalesce(Value(鈥?66鈥?,鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?)
# 3. Concat锛屾嫾鎺?/span>
# models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?)
# models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?))
# models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?,Value(鈥?99鈥?))
# 4.ConcatPair锛屾嫾鎺ワ紙浠呬袱涓弬鏁帮級
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=ConcatPair(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=ConcatPair(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?))
# 5.Greatest锛岃幏鍙栨瘮杈冨ぇ鐨勫€?least 鑾峰彇姣旇緝灏忕殑鍊?
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Greatest(鈥榠d鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?output_field=FloatField()))
# 6.Length锛岃幏鍙栭暱搴?/span>
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Length(鈥榥ame鈥?)
# 7. Lower,Upper,鍙樺ぇ灏忓啓
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Lower(鈥榥ame鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Upper(鈥榥ame鈥?)
# 8. Now锛岃幏鍙栧綋鍓嶆椂闂?/span>
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Now())
# 9. substr锛屽瓙搴忓垪
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Substr(鈥榥ame鈥?1,2))
# ########### 鏃堕棿绫诲嚱鏁?###########
# 1. 鏃堕棿鎴彇锛屼笉淇濈暀鍏朵粬锛欵xtract, ExtractDay, ExtractHour, ExtractMinute, ExtractMonth,ExtractSecond, ExtractWeekDay, ExtractYear,
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractYear(鈥榗time鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractMonth(鈥榗time鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractDay(鈥榗time鈥?)
#
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榶ear鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榤onth鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榶ear_month鈥?)
"""
MICROSECOND
SECOND
MINUTE
HOUR
DAY
WEEK
MONTH
QUARTER
YEAR
SECOND_MICROSECOND
MINUTE_MICROSECOND
MINUTE_SECOND
HOUR_MICROSECOND
HOUR_SECOND
HOUR_MINUTE
DAY_MICROSECOND
DAY_SECOND
DAY_MINUTE
DAY_HOUR
YEAR_MONTH
"""
# 2. 鏃堕棿鎴浘锛屼繚鐣欏叾浠栵細Trunc, TruncDate, TruncDay,TruncHour, TruncMinute, TruncMonth, TruncSecond, TruncYear
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.TruncHour(鈥榗time鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.TruncDate(鈥榗time鈥?)
# v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Trunc(鈥榗time鈥?鈥榶ear鈥?)
ORM鍑芥暟鐩稿叧
from django.db.models.functions.base import Func
class CustomeFunc(Func):
function = 鈥?/span>DATE_FORMAT鈥?/span>
template = 鈥?/span>%(function)s(%(expressions)s,%(format)s)鈥?/span>
def __init__(self, expression, **extra):
expressions = [expression]
super(CustomeFunc, self).__init__(*expressions, **extra)
v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=CustomeFunc(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,format="鈥?%Y-%%m鈥?/span>"))
ORM鑷畾涔夊嚱鏁?/span>
class UserInfo(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) username = models.CharField(max_length=32) class Meta: # 鏁版嵁搴撲腑鐢熸垚鐨勮〃鍚嶇О 榛樿 app鍚嶇О + 涓嬪垝绾?+ 绫诲悕 db_table = "table_name" # 鑱斿悎绱㈠紩 index_together = [ ("pub_date", "deadline"), ] # 鑱斿悎鍞竴绱㈠紩 unique_together = (("driver", "restaurant"),) # admin涓樉绀虹殑琛ㄥ悕绉?/span> verbose_name # verbose_name鍔爏 verbose_name_plural
ForeignKey(ForeignObject) # ForeignObject(RelatedField) to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕 to_field=None, # 瑕佸叧鑱旂殑琛ㄤ腑鐨勫瓧娈靛悕绉?/span> on_delete=None, # 褰撳垹闄ゅ叧鑱旇〃涓殑鏁版嵁鏃讹紝褰撳墠琛ㄤ笌鍏跺叧鑱旂殑琛岀殑琛屼负 - models.CASCADE锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈涔熷垹闄? - models.DO_NOTHING锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝寮曞彂閿欒IntegrityError - models.PROTECT锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝寮曞彂閿欒ProtectedError - models.SET_NULL锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负null锛堝墠鎻怓K瀛楁闇€瑕佽缃负鍙┖锛? - models.SET_DEFAULT锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负榛樿鍊硷紙鍓嶆彁FK瀛楁闇€瑕佽缃粯璁ゅ€硷級 - models.SET锛屽垹闄ゅ叧鑱旀暟鎹紝 a. 涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负鎸囧畾鍊硷紝璁剧疆锛歮odels.SET(鍊? b. 涓庝箣鍏宠仈鐨勫€艰缃负鍙墽琛屽璞＄殑杩斿洖鍊硷紝璁剧疆锛歮odels.SET(鍙墽琛屽璞? def func(): return 10 class MyModel(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey( to="User", to_field="id" on_delete=models.SET(func),) related_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勫瓧娈靛悕锛岀敤浜庝唬鏇?銆愯〃鍚峗set銆?濡傦細 obj.琛ㄥ悕_set.all() related_query_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勮繛鎺ュ墠缂€锛岀敤浜庢浛鎹€愯〃鍚嶃€? 濡傦細 models.UserGroup.objects.filter(琛ㄥ悕__瀛楁鍚?1).values(鈥樿〃鍚峗_瀛楁鍚嶁€? limit_choices_to=None, # 鍦ˋdmin鎴朚odelForm涓樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹椂锛屾彁渚涚殑鏉′欢锛?/span> # 濡傦細 - limit_choices_to={鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5} - limit_choices_to=lambda : {鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5} from django.db.models import Q - limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10) - limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10) - limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥?/span>root鈥?/span>) db_constraint=True # 鏄惁鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓垱寤哄閿害鏉?/span> parent_link=False # 鍦ˋdmin涓槸鍚︽樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹?/span> OneToOneField(ForeignKey) to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕 to_field=None # 瑕佸叧鑱旂殑琛ㄤ腑鐨勫瓧娈靛悕绉?/span> on_delete=None, # 褰撳垹闄ゅ叧鑱旇〃涓殑鏁版嵁鏃讹紝褰撳墠琛ㄤ笌鍏跺叧鑱旂殑琛岀殑琛屼负 ###### 瀵逛簬涓€瀵逛竴 ###### # 1. 涓€瀵逛竴鍏跺疄灏辨槸 涓€瀵瑰 + 鍞竴绱㈠紩 # 2.褰撲袱涓被涔嬮棿鏈夌户鎵垮叧绯绘椂锛岄粯璁や細鍒涘缓涓€涓竴瀵逛竴瀛楁 # 濡備笅浼氬湪A琛ㄤ腑棰濆澧炲姞涓€涓猚_ptr_id鍒椾笖鍞竴锛?/span> class C(models.Model): nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) part = models.CharField(max_length=12) class A(C): id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True) code = models.CharField(max_length=1) ManyToManyField(RelatedField) to, # 瑕佽繘琛屽叧鑱旂殑琛ㄥ悕 related_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勫瓧娈靛悕锛岀敤浜庝唬鏇?銆愯〃鍚峗set銆?濡傦細 obj.琛ㄥ悕_set.all() related_query_name=None, # 鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鏃讹紝浣跨敤鐨勮繛鎺ュ墠缂€锛岀敤浜庢浛鎹€愯〃鍚嶃€? 濡傦細 models.UserGroup.objects.filter(琛ㄥ悕__瀛楁鍚?1).values(鈥樿〃鍚峗_瀛楁鍚嶁€? limit_choices_to=None, # 鍦ˋdmin鎴朚odelForm涓樉绀哄叧鑱旀暟鎹椂锛屾彁渚涚殑鏉′欢锛?/span> # 濡傦細 - limit_choices_to={鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5} - limit_choices_to=lambda : {鈥?/span>nid__gt鈥?/span>: 5} from django.db.models import Q - limit_choices_to=Q(nid__gt=10) - limit_choices_to=Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10) - limit_choices_to=lambda : Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥?/span>root鈥?/span>) symmetrical=None, # 浠呯敤浜庡瀵瑰鑷叧鑱旀椂锛宻ymmetrical鐢ㄤ簬鎸囧畾鍐呴儴鏄惁鍒涘缓鍙嶅悜鎿嶄綔鐨勫瓧娈?/span> # 鍋氬涓嬫搷浣滄椂锛屼笉鍚岀殑symmetrical浼氭湁涓嶅悓鐨勫彲閫夊瓧娈?/span> models.BB.objects.filter(...) # 鍙€夊瓧娈垫湁锛歝ode, id, m1 class BB(models.Model): code = models.CharField(max_length=12) m1 = models.ManyToManyField(鈥?/span>self鈥?/span>,symmetrical=True) # 鍙€夊瓧娈垫湁: bb, code, id, m1 class BB(models.Model): code = models.CharField(max_length=12) m1 = models.ManyToManyField(鈥?/span>self鈥?/span>,symmetrical=False) through=None, # 鑷畾涔夌涓夊紶琛ㄦ椂锛屼娇鐢ㄥ瓧娈电敤浜庢寚瀹氬叧绯昏〃 through_fields=None, # 鑷畾涔夌涓夊紶琛ㄦ椂锛屼娇鐢ㄥ瓧娈电敤浜庢寚瀹氬叧绯昏〃涓偅浜涘瓧娈靛仛澶氬澶氬叧绯昏〃 from django.db import models class Person(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) class Group(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=128) members = models.ManyToManyField( Person, through=鈥?/span>Membership鈥?/span>, through_fields=(鈥?/span>group鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>person鈥?/span>), ) class Membership(models.Model): group = models.ForeignKey(Group, on_delete=models.CASCADE) person = models.ForeignKey(Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE) inviter = models.ForeignKey( Person, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="membership_invites", ) invite_reason = models.CharField(max_length=64) db_constraint=True, # 鏄惁鍦ㄦ暟鎹簱涓垱寤哄閿害鏉?/span> db_table=None, # 榛樿鍒涘缓绗笁寮犺〃鏃讹紝鏁版嵁搴撲腑琛ㄧ殑鍚嶇О
ORM鎿嶄綔
# 澧?/span> # # models.Tb1.objects.create(c1=鈥榵x鈥? c2=鈥榦o鈥? 澧炲姞涓€鏉℃暟鎹紝鍙互鎺ュ彈瀛楀吀绫诲瀷鏁版嵁 **kwargs # obj = models.Tb1(c1=鈥榵x鈥? c2=鈥榦o鈥? # obj.save() # 鏌?/span> # # models.Tb1.objects.get(id=123) # 鑾峰彇鍗曟潯鏁版嵁锛屼笉瀛樺湪鍒欐姤閿欙紙涓嶅缓璁級 # models.Tb1.objects.all() # 鑾峰彇鍏ㄩ儴 # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥? # 鑾峰彇鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name=鈥榮even鈥? # 鑾峰彇鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span> # 鍒?/span> # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.delete() # 鍒犻櫎鎸囧畾鏉′欢鐨勬暟鎹?/span> # 鏀?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.update(gender=鈥?鈥? # 灏嗘寚瀹氭潯浠剁殑鏁版嵁鏇存柊锛屽潎鏀寔 **kwargs # obj = models.Tb1.objects.get(id=1) # obj.c1 = 鈥?11鈥?/span> # obj.save() # 淇敼鍗曟潯鏁版嵁
# 鑾峰彇涓暟 # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.count() # 澶т簬锛屽皬浜?/span> # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gt=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬1鐨勫€?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__gte=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬绛変簬1鐨勫€?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10) # 鑾峰彇id灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lte=10) # 鑾峰彇id灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__lt=10, id__gt=1) # 鑾峰彇id澶т簬1 涓?灏忎簬10鐨勫€?/span> # in # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # 鑾峰彇id绛変簬11銆?2銆?3鐨勬暟鎹?/span> # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(id__in=[11, 22, 33]) # not in # isnull # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__isnull=True) # contains # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__contains="ven") # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name__icontains="ven") # icontains澶у皬鍐欎笉鏁忔劅 # models.Tb1.objects.exclude(name__icontains="ven") # range # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(id__range=[1, 2]) # 鑼冨洿bettwen and # 鍏朵粬绫讳技 # # startswith锛宨startswith, endswith, iendswith, # order by # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.order_by(鈥榠d鈥? # asc # models.Tb1.objects.filter(name=鈥榮even鈥?.order_by(鈥?id鈥? # desc # group by # # from django.db.models import Count, Min, Max, Sum # models.Tb1.objects.filter(c1=1).values(鈥榠d鈥?.annotate(c=Count(鈥榥um鈥?) # SELECT "app01_tb1"."id", COUNT("app01_tb1"."num") AS "c" FROM "app01_tb1" WHERE "app01_tb1"."c1" = 1 GROUP BY "app01_tb1"."id" # limit 銆乷ffset # # models.Tb1.objects.all()[10:20] # regex姝ｅ垯鍖归厤锛宨regex 涓嶅尯鍒嗗ぇ灏忓啓 # # Entry.objects.get(title__regex=r鈥榐(An?|The) +鈥? # Entry.objects.get(title__iregex=r鈥榐(an?|the) +鈥? # date # # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1)) # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__date__gt=datetime.date(2005, 1, 1)) # year # # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2005) # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year__gte=2005) # month # # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month=12) # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__month__gte=6) # day # # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day=3) # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__day__gte=3) # week_day # # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day=2) # Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__week_day__gte=2) # hour # # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour=23) # Event.objects.filter(time__hour=5) # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__hour__gte=12) # minute # # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute=29) # Event.objects.filter(time__minute=46) # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__minute__gte=29) # second # # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second=31) # Event.objects.filter(time__second=2) # Event.objects.filter(timestamp__second__gte=31)
# extra # # extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None) # Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥榥ew_id鈥? "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,)) # Entry.objects.extra(where=[鈥榟eadline=%s鈥榏, params=[鈥楲ennon鈥榏) # Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo=鈥榓鈥?OR bar = 鈥榓鈥?, "baz = 鈥榓鈥?]) # Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥榥ew_id鈥? "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=[鈥?nid鈥榏) # F # # from django.db.models import F # models.Tb1.objects.update(num=F(鈥榥um鈥?+1) # Q # # 鏂瑰紡涓€锛?/span> # Q(nid__gt=10) # Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10) # Q(Q(nid=8) | Q(nid__gt=10)) & Q(caption=鈥榬oot鈥? # 鏂瑰紡浜岋細 # con = Q() # q1 = Q() # q1.connector = 鈥極R鈥?/span> # q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 1)) # q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 10)) # q1.children.append((鈥榠d鈥? 9)) # q2 = Q() # q2.connector = 鈥極R鈥?/span> # q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 1)) # q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 10)) # q2.children.append((鈥榗1鈥? 9)) # con.add(q1, 鈥楢ND鈥? # con.add(q2, 鈥楢ND鈥? # # models.Tb1.objects.filter(con) # 鎵ц鍘熺敓SQL # # from django.db import connection, connections # cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections[鈥榙efault鈥榏.cursor() # cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1]) # row = cursor.fetchone()
################################################################## # PUBLIC METHODS THAT ALTER ATTRIBUTES AND RETURN A NEW QUERYSET # ################################################################## def all(self) # 鑾峰彇鎵€鏈夌殑鏁版嵁瀵硅薄 def filter(self, *args, **kwargs) # 鏉′欢鏌ヨ # 鏉′欢鍙互鏄細鍙傛暟锛屽瓧鍏革紝Q def exclude(self, *args, **kwargs) # 鏉′欢鏌ヨ # 鏉′欢鍙互鏄細鍙傛暟锛屽瓧鍏革紝Q def select_related(self, *fields) 鎬ц兘鐩稿叧锛氳〃涔嬮棿杩涜join杩炶〃鎿嶄綔锛屼竴娆℃€ц幏鍙栧叧鑱旂殑鏁版嵁銆? model.tb.objects.all().select_related() model.tb.objects.all().select_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>) model.tb.objects.all().select_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁__澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>) def prefetch_related(self, *lookups) 鎬ц兘鐩稿叧锛氬琛ㄨ繛琛ㄦ搷浣滄椂閫熷害浼氭參锛屼娇鐢ㄥ叾鎵ц澶氭SQL鏌ヨ鍦≒ython浠ｇ爜涓疄鐜拌繛琛ㄦ搷浣溿€? # 鑾峰彇鎵€鏈夌敤鎴疯〃 # 鑾峰彇鐢ㄦ埛绫诲瀷琛╳here id in (鐢ㄦ埛琛ㄤ腑鐨勬煡鍒扮殑鎵€鏈夌敤鎴稩D) models.UserInfo.objects.prefetch_related(鈥?/span>澶栭敭瀛楁鈥?/span>) from django.db.models import Count, Case, When, IntegerField Article.objects.annotate( numviews=Count(Case( When(readership__what_time__lt=treshold, then=1), output_field=CharField(), )) ) students = Student.objects.all().annotate(num_excused_absences=models.Sum( models.Case( models.When(absence__type=鈥?/span>Excused鈥?/span>, then=1), default=0, output_field=models.IntegerField() ))) def annotate(self, *args, **kwargs) # 鐢ㄤ簬瀹炵幇鑱氬悎group by鏌ヨ from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>)) # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>)).filter(uid__gt=1) # SELECT u_id, COUNT(ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1 v = models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>).annotate(uid=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>,distinct=True)).filter(uid__gt=1) # SELECT u_id, COUNT( DISTINCT ui_id) AS `uid` FROM UserInfo GROUP BY u_id having count(u_id) > 1 def distinct(self, *field_names) # 鐢ㄤ簬distinct鍘婚噸 models.UserInfo.objects.values(鈥?/span>nid鈥?/span>).distinct() # select distinct nid from userinfo 娉細鍙湁鍦≒ostgreSQL涓墠鑳戒娇鐢╠istinct杩涜鍘婚噸 def order_by(self, *field_names) # 鐢ㄤ簬鎺掑簭 models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by(鈥?/span>-id鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>age鈥?/span>) def extra(self, select=None, where=None, params=None, tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None) # 鏋勯€犻澶栫殑鏌ヨ鏉′欢鎴栬€呮槧灏勶紝濡傦細瀛愭煡璇?/span> Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥?/span>new_id鈥?/span>: "select col from sometable where othercol > %s"}, select_params=(1,)) Entry.objects.extra(where=[鈥?/span>headline=%s鈥?/span>], params=[鈥?/span>Lennon鈥?/span>]) Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo=鈥榓鈥?OR bar = 鈥榓鈥?/span>", "baz = 鈥榓鈥?/span>"]) Entry.objects.extra(select={鈥?/span>new_id鈥?/span>: "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=[鈥?/span>-nid鈥?/span>]) def reverse(self): # 鍊掑簭 models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by(鈥?/span>-nid鈥?/span>).reverse() # 娉細濡傛灉瀛樺湪order_by锛宺everse鍒欐槸鍊掑簭锛屽鏋滃涓帓搴忓垯涓€涓€鍊掑簭 def defer(self, *fields): models.UserInfo.objects.defer(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>) 鎴? models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).defer(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>) #鏄犲皠涓帓闄ゆ煇鍒楁暟鎹?/span> def only(self, *fields): #浠呭彇鏌愪釜琛ㄤ腑鐨勬暟鎹?/span> models.UserInfo.objects.only(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>) 鎴? models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).only(鈥?/span>username鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>) def using(self, alias): 鎸囧畾浣跨敤鐨勬暟鎹簱锛屽弬鏁颁负鍒悕锛坰etting涓殑璁剧疆锛? ################################################## # PUBLIC METHODS THAT RETURN A QUERYSET SUBCLASS # ################################################## def raw(self, raw_query, params=None, translations=None, using=None): # 鎵ц鍘熺敓SQL models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select * from userinfo鈥?/span>) # 濡傛灉SQL鏄叾浠栬〃鏃讹紝蹇呴』灏嗗悕瀛楄缃负褰撳墠UserInfo瀵硅薄鐨勪富閿垪鍚?/span> models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select id as nid from 鍏朵粬琛?/span>鈥?/span>) # 涓哄師鐢烻QL璁剧疆鍙傛暟 models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select id as nid from userinfo where nid>%s鈥?/span>, params=[12,]) # 灏嗚幏鍙栫殑鍒板垪鍚嶈浆鎹负鎸囧畾鍒楀悕 name_map = {鈥?/span>first鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>first_name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>last鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>last_name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>bd鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>birth_date鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>pk鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>id鈥?/span>} Person.objects.raw(鈥?/span>SELECT * FROM some_other_table鈥?/span>, translations=name_map) # 鎸囧畾鏁版嵁搴?/span> models.UserInfo.objects.raw(鈥?/span>select * from userinfo鈥?/span>, using="default") ################### 鍘熺敓SQL ################### from django.db import connection, connections cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections[鈥榙efault鈥榏.cursor() cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1]) row = cursor.fetchone() # fetchall()/fetchmany(..) def values(self, *fields): # 鑾峰彇姣忚鏁版嵁涓哄瓧鍏告牸寮?/span> def values_list(self, *fields, **kwargs): # 鑾峰彇姣忚鏁版嵁涓哄厓绁?/span> def dates(self, field_name, kind, order=鈥?/span>ASC鈥?/span>): # 鏍规嵁鏃堕棿杩涜鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎杩涜鍘婚噸鏌ユ壘骞舵埅鍙栨寚瀹氬唴瀹?/span> # kind鍙兘鏄細"year"锛堝勾锛? "month"锛堝勾-鏈堬級, "day"锛堝勾-鏈?鏃ワ級 # order鍙兘鏄細"ASC" "DESC" # 骞惰幏鍙栬浆鎹㈠悗鐨勬椂闂?/span> - year : 骞?01-01 - month: 骞?鏈?01 - day : 骞?鏈?鏃? models.DatePlus.objects.dates(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>day鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>DESC鈥?/span>) def datetimes(self, field_name, kind, order=鈥?/span>ASC鈥?/span>, tzinfo=None): # 鏍规嵁鏃堕棿杩涜鏌愪竴閮ㄥ垎杩涜鍘婚噸鏌ユ壘骞舵埅鍙栨寚瀹氬唴瀹癸紝灏嗘椂闂磋浆鎹负鎸囧畾鏃跺尯鏃堕棿 # kind鍙兘鏄?"year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second" # order鍙兘鏄細"ASC" "DESC" # tzinfo鏃跺尯瀵硅薄 models.DDD.objects.datetimes(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>hour鈥?/span>,tzinfo=pytz.UTC) models.DDD.objects.datetimes(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>hour鈥?/span>,tzinfo=pytz.timezone(鈥?/span>Asia/Shanghai鈥?/span>)) """ pip3 install pytz import pytz pytz.all_timezones pytz.timezone(‘Asia/Shanghai’) """ def none(self): # 绌篞uerySet瀵硅薄 #################################### # METHODS THAT DO DATABASE QUERIES # #################################### def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs): # 鑱氬悎鍑芥暟锛岃幏鍙栧瓧鍏哥被鍨嬭仛鍚堢粨鏋?/span> from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum result = models.UserInfo.objects.aggregate(k=Count(鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>, distinct=True), n=Count(鈥?/span>nid鈥?/span>)) ===> {鈥?/span>k鈥?/span>: 3, 鈥?/span>n鈥?/span>: 4} def count(self): # 鑾峰彇涓暟 def get(self, *args, **kwargs): # 鑾峰彇鍗曚釜瀵硅薄 def create(self, **kwargs): # 鍒涘缓瀵硅薄 def bulk_create(self, objs, batch_size=None): # 鎵归噺鎻掑叆 # batch_size琛ㄧず涓€娆℃彃鍏ョ殑涓暟 objs = [ models.DDD(name=鈥?/span>r11鈥?/span>), models.DDD(name=鈥?/span>r22鈥?/span>) ] models.DDD.objects.bulk_create(objs, 10) def get_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs): # 濡傛灉瀛樺湪锛屽垯鑾峰彇锛屽惁鍒欙紝鍒涘缓 # defaults 鎸囧畾鍒涘缓鏃讹紝鍏朵粬瀛楁鐨勫€?/span> obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.get_or_create(username=鈥?/span>root1鈥?/span>, defaults={鈥?/span>email鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>1111111鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>: 2, 鈥?/span>t_id鈥?/span>: 2}) def update_or_create(self, defaults=None, **kwargs): # 濡傛灉瀛樺湪锛屽垯鏇存柊锛屽惁鍒欙紝鍒涘缓 # defaults 鎸囧畾鍒涘缓鏃舵垨鏇存柊鏃剁殑鍏朵粬瀛楁 obj, created = models.UserInfo.objects.update_or_create(username=鈥?/span>root1鈥?/span>, defaults={鈥?/span>email鈥?/span>: 鈥?/span>1111111鈥?/span>,鈥?/span>u_id鈥?/span>: 2, 鈥?/span>t_id鈥?/span>: 1}) def first(self): # 鑾峰彇绗竴涓?/span> def last(self): # 鑾峰彇鏈€鍚庝竴涓?/span> def in_bulk(self, id_list=None): # 鏍规嵁涓婚敭ID杩涜鏌ユ壘 id_list = [11,21,31] models.DDD.objects.in_bulk(id_list) def delete(self): # 鍒犻櫎 def update(self, **kwargs): # 鏇存柊 def exists(self): # 鏄惁鏈夌粨鏋?/span>
鍏朵粬
import pymysql from django.db import connection, connections connection.connect() conn = connection.connection cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor) cursor.execute("""SELECT * from app01_userinfo""") row = cursor.fetchone() connection.close()
# 鏁板瓧鑷 from django.db.models import F models.UserInfo.objects.update(num=F(鈥?/span>num鈥?/span>) + 1) # 瀛楃涓叉洿鏂?/span> from django.db.models.functions import Concat from django.db.models import Value models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>, 鈥?/span>pwd鈥?/span>)) models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥?/span>name鈥?/span>, Value(鈥?/span>666鈥?/span>)))
# ########### 鍩虹鍑芥暟 ########### # 1. Concat锛岀敤浜庡仛绫诲瀷杞崲 # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Cast(鈥榩wd鈥? FloatField())) # 2. Coalesce锛屼粠鍓嶅悜鍚庯紝鏌ヨ绗竴涓笉涓虹┖鐨勫€?/span> # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Coalesce(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Coalesce(Value(鈥?66鈥?,鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?) # 3. Concat锛屾嫾鎺?/span> # models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?) # models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?)) # models.UserInfo.objects.update(name=Concat(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?,Value(鈥?99鈥?)) # 4.ConcatPair锛屾嫾鎺ワ紙浠呬袱涓弬鏁帮級 # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=ConcatPair(鈥榥ame鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=ConcatPair(鈥榥ame鈥? Value(鈥?66鈥?)) # 5.Greatest锛岃幏鍙栨瘮杈冨ぇ鐨勫€?least 鑾峰彇姣旇緝灏忕殑鍊? # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Greatest(鈥榠d鈥? 鈥榩wd鈥?output_field=FloatField())) # 6.Length锛岃幏鍙栭暱搴?/span> # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Length(鈥榥ame鈥?) # 7. Lower,Upper,鍙樺ぇ灏忓啓 # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Lower(鈥榥ame鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Upper(鈥榥ame鈥?) # 8. Now锛岃幏鍙栧綋鍓嶆椂闂?/span> # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Now()) # 9. substr锛屽瓙搴忓垪 # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=Substr(鈥榥ame鈥?1,2)) # ########### 鏃堕棿绫诲嚱鏁?########### # 1. 鏃堕棿鎴彇锛屼笉淇濈暀鍏朵粬锛欵xtract, ExtractDay, ExtractHour, ExtractMinute, ExtractMonth,ExtractSecond, ExtractWeekDay, ExtractYear, # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractYear(鈥榗time鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractMonth(鈥榗time鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.ExtractDay(鈥榗time鈥?) # # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榶ear鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榤onth鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Extract(鈥榗time鈥? 鈥榶ear_month鈥?) """ MICROSECOND SECOND MINUTE HOUR DAY WEEK MONTH QUARTER YEAR SECOND_MICROSECOND MINUTE_MICROSECOND MINUTE_SECOND HOUR_MICROSECOND HOUR_SECOND HOUR_MINUTE DAY_MICROSECOND DAY_SECOND DAY_MINUTE DAY_HOUR YEAR_MONTH """ # 2. 鏃堕棿鎴浘锛屼繚鐣欏叾浠栵細Trunc, TruncDate, TruncDay,TruncHour, TruncMinute, TruncMonth, TruncSecond, TruncYear # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.TruncHour(鈥榗time鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.TruncDate(鈥榗time鈥?) # v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=functions.Trunc(鈥榗time鈥?鈥榶ear鈥?)
from django.db.models.functions.base import Func class CustomeFunc(Func): function = 鈥?/span>DATE_FORMAT鈥?/span> template = 鈥?/span>%(function)s(%(expressions)s,%(format)s)鈥?/span> def __init__(self, expression, **extra): expressions = [expression] super(CustomeFunc, self).__init__(*expressions, **extra) v = models.UserInfo.objects.annotate(c=CustomeFunc(鈥?/span>ctime鈥?/span>,format="鈥?%Y-%%m鈥?/span>"))
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