Java获取汉字的拼音

Posted 2023-03-08 Ricky_Fung

在做中文搜索的时候通常需要考虑拼音搜索，这时就需要获取汉字对应的拼音（包括全拼、简拼），java语言中有pinyin4j开源类库。唯一不足的是对多音字支持不够好，于是自己在其基础上封装了一下，完美支持多音字。
核心类PinyinUtils.java如下：

package com.ricky.java.pinyin;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.PinyinHelper;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinCaseType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinOutputFormat;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinToneType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.HanyuPinyinVCharType;
import net.sourceforge.pinyin4j.format.exception.BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

public class PinyinUtils 

    private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String,String> duoYinMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String,String>(512);

    public static final String pinyin_sep = "#";

    public static final String word_sep = "/";

    //加载多音字词典
    static

        BufferedReader br = null;
        try 
            InputStream in = PinyinUtils.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("duoyinzi_pinyin.txt");
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in,"UTF-8"));

            String line = null;
            while((line=br.readLine())!=null)

                String[] arr = line.split(pinyin_sep);

                if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(arr[1]))
                    String[] sems = arr[1].split(word_sep);
                    for (String sem : sems) 

                        if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(sem))
                            duoYinMap.put(sem , arr[0]);
                        
                    
                
            

         catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (FileNotFoundException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
         catch (IOException e) 
            e.printStackTrace();
        finally
            IOUtils.closeQuietly(br);
        

    

    public static String[] chineseToPinYin(char chineseCharacter) throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination
        HanyuPinyinOutputFormat outputFormat = new HanyuPinyinOutputFormat();
        outputFormat.setToneType(HanyuPinyinToneType.WITHOUT_TONE);
        outputFormat.setCaseType(HanyuPinyinCaseType.LOWERCASE);
        outputFormat.setVCharType(HanyuPinyinVCharType.WITH_V);

        if(chineseCharacter>=32 && chineseCharacter<=125)  //ASCII >=33 ASCII<=125的直接返回 ,ASCII码表：http://www.asciitable.com/
            return new String[]String.valueOf(chineseCharacter);
        

        return PinyinHelper.toHanyuPinyinStringArray(chineseCharacter, outputFormat);
    

    /**
     * get chinese words pin yin
     * @param chinese
     * @param fullPy
     * @return
     * @throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination
     */
    public static String getPinYin(String chinese, boolean fullPy) throws BadHanyuPinyinOutputFormatCombination
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(chinese))
            return null;
        

        char[] chs = chinese.toCharArray();

        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(20);

        for(int i=0;i<chs.length;i++)
            String[] arr = chineseToPinYin(chs[i]);
            if(arr==null || arr.length<1)
                throw new RuntimeException("not find pin yin for:"+chs[i]);
            
            if(arr.length==1)
                result.append(fullPy ? arr[0]:arr[0].charAt(0));
            else if(arr[0].equals(arr[1]))
                result.append(fullPy ? arr[0]:arr[0].charAt(0));
            else

                String prim = chinese.substring(i, i+1);

                String lst = null,rst = null;

                if(i<=chinese.length()-2)
                    rst = chinese.substring(i,i+2);
                
                if(i>=1 && i+1<=chinese.length())
                    lst = chinese.substring(i-1,i+1);
                

                String answer = null;
                for (String py : arr) 

                    if(StringUtils.isEmpty(py))
                        continue;
                    

                    if((lst!=null && py.equals(duoYinMap.get(lst))) ||
                            (rst!=null && py.equals(duoYinMap.get(rst))))
                        answer = py;
                        break;
                    

                    if(py.equals(duoYinMap.get(prim)))
                        answer = py;
                    
                

                if(StringUtils.isEmpty(answer))
                    throw new RuntimeException("not find pin yin for:"+chs[i]);
                
                result.append(fullPy ? answer:answer.charAt(0));
            
        

        return result.toString().toLowerCase();
    

完整源码下载：https://github.com/TiFG/py4j