Centos7扩展磁盘空间（LVM管理）
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vmware或hyperv，扩容磁盘，本例中使用的是vmware,关闭系统，在vmware—>设置—>硬盘—>扩展—>输入数字大于当前系统内存—>点击扩展,如图：
1. 查看磁盘情况
fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000ac88a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 266338303 132119552 8e Linux LVM
2. 查看磁盘占用情况
df -lh
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 24G 27G 47% / devtmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 5.8G 84K 5.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.8G 8.8M 5.8G 1% /run tmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot /dev/mapper/cl-home 69G 517M 68G 1% /home tmpfs 1.2G 16K 1.2G 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
3. 创建新分区
fdisk /dev/sda
弹出的命令行中输入对应的命令，命令说明如下：
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition‘s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
a) 命令行输入 n 创建新分区
[[email protected] ~]# fdisk /dev/sda The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted. Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): n
b) 命令行输入 p 设置分区类型为主分区
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p
c) 设置分区数量，这里输入为3
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
d)修改分区大小，我们这里取默认大小，直接按两次回车即可（开始和结束位置）
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (266338304-1048575999, default 266338304): Using default value 266338304 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (266338304-1048575999, default 1048575999): Using default value 1048575999 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 373 GiB is set
e) 输入t修改分区编号
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (266338304-1048575999, default 266338304): Using default value 266338304 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (266338304-1048575999, default 1048575999): Using default value 1048575999 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 373 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3):
f）修改分区编号为3
Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3 First sector (266338304-1048575999, default 266338304): Using default value 266338304 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (266338304-1048575999, default 1048575999): Using default value 1048575999 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 373 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3 Hex code (type L to list all codes):
g) 选择分区格式,我们选择lvm，所以输入8e
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext‘d (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘
h) 输入w保存分区并退出
Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks.
4. 重启系统
reboot
5. 查看已有卷组名
vgdisplay
--- Volume group --- VG Name cl System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 3 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <126.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 32255 Alloc PE / Size 32254 / 125.99 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID zlg3Lh-rWHl-ozXP-FfIL-xs2w-yT7a-2k3VgA
在本机中卷组为cl.(后面会用到)
6. 为新分配的空间创建一个新的物理卷
pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
注意：如果出现错误说pvcreate命令找不到，则执行：
yum install pv
7. 使用新的物理卷来扩展 LVM 的 VolGroup
vgextend cl /dev/sda3
这里的cl即为第5步中查出来的卷组名. 命令执行输出如下：
[[email protected] ~]# vgextend cl /dev/sda3 Volume group "cl" successfully extended
8. 扩展 LVM 的逻辑卷 /dev/cl/home
a) 先查看逻辑卷集合
lvdisplay
输出如下：
[[email protected] ~]# lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/cl/swap LV Name swap VG Name cl LV UUID LM5xZa-J1Af-XPIu-CQYK-2JTw-Cw9N-JOmqdm LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 2 LV Size <7.88 GiB Current LE 2016 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/cl/home LV Name home VG Name cl LV UUID U2TrdQ-ihpb-SNr3-U1cq-qOKr-4gw0-rYNmOG LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:32 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size <68.12 GiB Current LE 17438 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/cl/root LV Name root VG Name cl LV UUID xXKaHg-WKW0-H3e2-dtjx-MJLS-bUcm-PpPw3z LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-05-31 15:37:34 +0800 LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
这里我们选择扩展/dev/cl/home逻辑卷
b）扩展逻辑卷/dev/cl/home空间
lvextend /dev/cl/home /dev/sda3
输出为：
[[email protected] ~]# lvextend /dev/cl/home /dev/sda3 Size of logical volume cl/home changed from <68.12 GiB (17438 extents) to 441.11 GiB (112925 extents). Logical volume cl/home successfully resized.
可以看到原有的磁盘空间从68G扩展到了441G,
lvextend参数-L是指定大小 如果不输入-L +10G 则默认使用全部
9）调整逻辑卷的大小
xfs_growfs /dev/cl/home
输出为：
[[email protected] ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/cl/home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=4464128 blks
= sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=17856512, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=8719, version=2
= sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 17856512 to 115635200
注意：
有些地方说要使用resize2fs命令更新系统识别的文件系统大小，但是亲测要使用xfs_growfs命令。
10） 检验结果
[[email protected] ~]# lvscan ACTIVE ‘/dev/cl/swap‘ [<7.88 GiB] inherit ACTIVE ‘/dev/cl/home‘ [441.11 GiB] inherit ACTIVE ‘/dev/cl/root‘ [50.00 GiB] inherit
也可以使用下面的方式来检验
[[email protected] ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root 50G 14G 37G 27% / devtmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev tmpfs 5.8G 84K 5.8G 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.8G 8.7M 5.8G 1% /run tmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot /dev/mapper/cl-home 442G 23G 419G 6% /home tmpfs 1.2G 16K 1.2G 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
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