Docker入门基本操作
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了Docker入门基本操作相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
（一）、容器的使用
1、docker客户端命令。输入docker查看docker用法的语法和相关的命令。
[[email protected] ~]# docker
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal") (default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
image Manage images
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container‘s changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container‘s filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container‘s filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run ‘docker COMMAND --help‘ for more information on a command.2、启动docker。
[[email protected] ~]# docker run ubuntu /bin/echo "hello docker" ###基本运行，打印后退出
hello docker
[[email protected] ~]# docker run -i -t -h centosv2 centos /bin/bash ###交互式创建容器后进入容器并命名为centosv2
[[email protected] ~]# docker run -d ubuntu /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done" ###后台运行
5011198d1704af7eac453f80e58fa4950e6455c4454b28fa8a877a5f69cdb8fc3、docker端口的映射
[[email protected] ~]#docker run -t -P httpd ---指定容器绑定的网络地址，比如绑定 127.0.0.1。
[[email protected] ~]#docker run -t -p 8888:80 httpd ---指定容器80端口通过主机端口地址8888来进行访问
[[email protected] ~]#docker run -t -p 172.20.66.150:8888:80 httpd ---指定容器绑定的网络地址默认tcp端口
[[email protected] ~]#docker run -t -p 172.20.66.150:8888:80/udp httpd ---指定udp端口
-P :是容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口。
-p : 是容器内部端口绑定到指定的主机端口。
8888:80（主机端口：容器的端口）4、查看docker容器。
[[email protected] ~]# docker ps --help
Usage: docker ps [OPTIONS]
List containers
Options:
-a, --all Show all containers (default shows just running)
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print containers using a Go template
-n, --last int Show n last created containers (includes all states) (default -1)
-l, --latest Show the latest created container (includes all states)
--no-trunc Don‘t truncate output
-q, --quiet Only display numeric IDs
-s, --size Display total file sizes
[[email protected] ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5011198d1704 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c ‘while t…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes laughing_mirzakhani
5f55b9949e7b centos "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes centosv35、停止docker容器。docker stop CONTAINER或ID
[[email protected] ~]# docker stop --help
Usage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Stop one or more running containers
Options:
-t, --time int Seconds to wait for stop before killing it (default 10)
[[email protected] ~]# docker stop centosv3
centosv3
[[email protected] ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5011198d1704 ubuntu "/bin/sh -c ‘while t…" 8 minutes ago Up 8 minutes laughing_mirzakhani6、启动docker.
[[email protected] ~]# docker start nginxv2
nginxv27、删除docker容器.删除容器时，容器必须是停止状态，否则会报如下错误
[[email protected] ~]# docker rm 2c1aed05442e
2c1aed05442e
[[email protected] ~]# docker rm --help
Usage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
Remove one or more containers
Options:
-f, --force Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
-l, --link Remove the specified link
-v, --volumes Remove the volumes associated with the container8、查看docker日志
[[email protected] ~]# docker logs --help
Usage: docker logs [OPTIONS] CONTAINER
Fetch the logs of a container
Options:
--details Show extra details provided to logs
-f, --follow Follow log output
--since string Show logs since timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
--tail string Number of lines to show from the end of the logs (default "all")
-t, --timestamps Show timestamps
--until string Show logs before a timestamp (e.g. 2013-01-02T13:23:37) or relative (e.g. 42m for 42 minutes)
[[email protected] ~]# docker logs -f 5011198d1704
hello world9、检查docker应用程序的进程
[[email protected] ~]# docker top nginxv2
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 22446 22428 0 17:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx -g daemon off;
101 22490 22446 0 17:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
10、查看docker底层信息,它会返回一个 JSON 文件记录着 Docker 容器的配置和状态信息。
[[email protected] ~]# docker inspect nginxv2
[
{
"Id": "51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377",
"Created": "2018-10-23T07:35:16.522767558Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 22446,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2018-10-24T09:56:50.60288752Z",
"FinishedAt": "2018-10-23T07:35:20.710607429Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:dbfc48660aeb7ef0ebd74b4a7e0822520aba5416556ee43acb9a6350372e516f",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377/51fa7e93382191d3d52dfd8231baa47438f30472a9ddb432cac95f2cab09c377-json.log",
"Name": "/nginxv2",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "shareable",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DiskQuota": 0,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": 0,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5db810fb9cc01e72997ab28548f8c6afdf288ad68b67526b8a08db21f11cc4d-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/9aa976c9f96e990dc230b219d4c004c40b83c018a2f4f5c7e8aeeddce78d56f9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/aeb079bd298ea309e97c1ca135f5cedb5832a4222477479f00c04e20eac5bda0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a69b7899845f36bdc82307abbec8b0150892f4f30ba2f59fedd076b5ba84cd46/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5db810fb9cc01e72997ab28548f8c6afdf288ad68b67526b8a08db21f11cc4d/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5db810fb9cc01e72997ab28548f8c6afdf288ad68b67526b8a08db21f11cc4d/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e5db810fb9cc01e72997ab28548f8c6afdf288ad68b67526b8a08db21f11cc4d/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "51fa7e933821",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"ExposedPorts": {
"80/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"NGINX_VERSION=1.15.5-1~stretch",
"NJS_VERSION=1.15.5.0.2.4-1~stretch"
],
"Cmd": [
"nginx",
"-g",
"daemon off;"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "nginx",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers <[email protected]>"
},
"StopSignal": "SIGTERM"
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "8fb89b8da81ef113f293fff99eba54a8dddc8027a47ec5e3094b0c50023cb9c7",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"80/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8fb89b8da81e",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "c6f8a321d3fb49fa82d27e1a430639fd1617df75b86641e8deb720c0ce57989b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "56fd3fad5cf9211915ead97854e1bf8ef6e061ea1409264cb92c78296cc92314",
"EndpointID": "c6f8a321d3fb49fa82d27e1a430639fd1617df75b86641e8deb720c0ce57989b",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
（11）连接到正在运行中的容器。docker exec|docker attach |nsenter
attach命令：docker attach name | id
docker exec ：在运行的容器中执行命令（运行中容器启动新进程）
[[email protected] ~]# cat /home/docker_pid.sh
#!/bin/bash
docker_in(){
NAME_ID=$1
PID=$(docker inspect -f "{{ .State.Pid }}" $NAME_ID)
nsenter -t $PID -m -u -i -n -p
}
docker_in $1[[email protected] ~]# docker attach nginxv2
[[email protected] ~]# docker exec -i -t nginxv2 /bin/bash
[email protected]:/#
[[email protected] ~]# sh /home/docker_pid.sh nginxv2
[email protected]:/# （二）docker镜像的使用
1、docker镜像的使用
[[email protected] ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images)
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don‘t truncate output
-q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest ea4c82dcd15a 6 days ago 85.8MB
grafana/grafana latest 7038dbc9a50c 8 days ago 223MB
nginx latest dbfc48660aeb 8 days ago 109MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 2 weeks ago 200MB
REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
TAG：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小 2、搜索镜像
[[email protected] ~]# docker search zabbix
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql Zabbix Server with MySQL database support 136 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-agent Zabbix agent with TLS encryption support 83 [OK]
monitoringartist/zabbix-3.0-xxl Please use our better compatible Zabbix imag… 75 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx web-server wi… 74 [OK]
berngp/docker-zabbix Runs Zabbix Server and Zabbix Web UI on a Ce… 72 [OK]
monitoringartist/zabbix-xxl Zabbix 3.x - server, web, proxy, java gatewa… 67 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-server-pgsql Zabbix server with PostgreSQL database suppo… 33 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-web-nginx-pgsql Zabbix frontend based on Nginx with PostgreS… 20 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-appliance Zabbix appliance with MySQL database support… 18 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-web-apache-mysql Zabbix frontend based on Apache web-server w… 17 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-proxy-mysql Zabbix proxy with MySQL database support 16 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-proxy-sqlite3 Zabbix proxy with SQLite3 database support 15 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-java-gateway Zabbix Java Gateway 14 [OK]
bhuisgen/docker-zabbix-coreos Zabbix agent for CoreOS server 14 [OK]
monitoringartist/zabbix-db-mariadb Docker image of MariaDB optimized for Zabbix 11 [OK]
million12/zabbix-agent Zabbix Agent - running in foreground. 7 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-snmptraps Receiving SNMP traps to Zabbix server or Zab… 7 [OK]
zabbix/zabbix-web-apache-pgsql Zabbix frontend based on Apache web-server w… 3 [OK]
digiapulssi/docker-zabbix-agent Dockerized Zabbix agent for host and contain… 2 [OK]
openshifttools/oso-centos7-zabbix-server Zabbix server container using external SQL d… 2
blackcobra1973/zabbix-db-postgresql PostgreSQL on CentOS 7.x with Zabbix 3.0 dat… 2 [OK]
monitoringartist/zabbix-2.4 Dockerized Zabbix 2.4 - server, web UI - dep… 1 [OK]
qk4l/zabbix-cachet Python script for Zabbix to Cachet integrati… 0 [OK]
signnow/zabbix-proxy-mysql Zabbix Proxy (MySQL version) with Python 3.5… 0
openshifttools/oso-centos7-zabbix-web Zabbix web container to handle web view into… 0
NAME:镜像仓库源的名称
DESCRIPTION:镜像的描述
OFFICIAL:是否docker官方发布3、获取镜像
[[email protected] ~]# docker pull zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql
d6a5679aa3cf: Pull complete
b5f72c9bbb93: Pull complete
e901ef2029a4: Pull complete
9ba83f201d25: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f385294e950ec855338df5e6bec41ed708cc6cbd00e1ba266d1c425d0ed9fd1e
Status: Downloaded newer image for zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql:latest4、查看镜像
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu latest ea4c82dcd15a 6 days ago 85.8MB
grafana/grafana latest 7038dbc9a50c 8 days ago 223MB
nginx latest dbfc48660aeb 8 days ago 109MB
centos latest 75835a67d134 2 weeks ago 200MB
zabbix/zabbix-server-mysql latest efffb1148f04 2 weeks ago 62.6MB5、更新镜像
[[email protected] ~]# docker run -t -i ubuntu /bin/bash
[email protected]:/# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports/universe amd64 Packages [2975 B]
Fetched 15.0 MB in 6s (2714 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
[email protected]:/# apt-get install vim -y
Reading package lists... Done
update-alternatives: warning: skip creation of /usr/share/man/man1/editor.1.gz because associated file /usr/share/man/man1/vim.1.gz (of link group editor) doesn‘t exist
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
[email protected]:/# hostname
a9247c958d01
[email protected]:/# exit;
exit
[[email protected] ~]# docker commit -m="apt-get update" -a=lqb a9247c958d01 ubuntu/lqbv2
sha256:61e3695d2d9fd6c5800fba1119335c5f146bfa859a35591d29c725e6fdaafe07
[[email protected] ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
ubuntu/lqbv2 latest 61e3695d2d9f 4 minutes ago 169MB
各个参数说明：
-m:提交的描述信息
-a:指定镜像作者
a9247c958d01：容器ID
runoob/ubuntu:v2:指定要创建的目标镜像名
创建更新镜像的相关说明：
首先创建用ubuntu镜像创建容器。
运行的容器内使用 apt-get update 命令进行更新。
在完成操作之后，输入 exit命令来退出这个容器。
此时ID为a9247c958d01的容器，是按我们的需求更改的容器。我们可以通过命令 docker commit来提交容器副本6、构建镜像。通过docker build从零开始来创建一个新的镜像。为此，我们需要创建一个 Dockerfile 文件，其中包含一组指令来告诉 Docker 如何构建我们的镜像。
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /opt/dockerfile
[[email protected] dockerfile]# mkdir centos
[[email protected] dockerfile]# cd centos/
[[email protected] centos]# vim Dockfile
[[email protected] centos]# vim Dockerfile
FROM centos
MAINTAINER lqb
RUN yum install vim -y
RUN yum install tree -y
RUN /bin/echo ‘root:123456‘ |chpasswd
RUN useradd lqb
RUN /bin/echo ‘lqb:123456‘ |chpasswd
RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG="en_US.UTF-8"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE 22
EXPOSE 80
CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
[[email protected] centos]# docker build -t centos/lqb:lqbv2 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB
Step 1/11 : FROM centos
---> 75835a67d134
Step 2/11 : MAINTAINER lqb
---> Using cache
---> 386b6f69c473
Step 3/11 : RUN yum install vim -y
---> Using cache
---> 745792f01962
Step 4/11 : RUN yum install tree -y
---> Using cache
---> 2bae22865096
Step 5/11 : RUN /bin/echo ‘root:123456‘ |chpasswd
---> Using cache
---> f554337a5fee
Step 6/11 : RUN useradd lqb
---> Using cache
---> 7f08790bd10d
Step 7/11 : RUN /bin/echo ‘lqb:123456‘ |chpasswd
---> Using cache
---> 40a26046eb5a
Step 8/11 : RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG="en_US.UTF-8"" >/etc/default/local
---> Using cache
---> af9ca664315f
Step 9/11 : EXPOSE 22
---> Using cache
---> e24bed6f62fe
Step 10/11 : EXPOSE 80
---> Using cache
---> 938e49766589
Step 11/11 : CMD /usr/sbin/sshd -D
---> Using cache
---> 466ccf2de68e
Successfully built 466ccf2de68e
Successfully tagged centos/lqb:lqbv2
[[email protected] centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos/lqb lqbv2 466ccf2de68e 8 minutes ago 455MB
<none> <none> 9d09c724aa58 2 hours ago 200MB
每一个指令都会在镜像上创建一个新的层，每一个指令的前缀都必须是大写的。
第一条FROM，指定使用哪个镜像源
RUN 指令告诉docker 在镜像内执行命令，安装了什么。
ADD添加相应的文件,会自动解压
WORKDIR设置当前的工作目录
VOLUME设置卷，挂载主机目录
EXPOSE指定对外的端口
CMD指定容器启动后要干的事情
参数说明：
-t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名
. ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径7、设置镜像标签
[[email protected] centos]# docker tag 9d09c724aa58 centoslqb1:lqbcentosv1
[[email protected] centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos/lqb lqbv2 466ccf2de68e 23 minutes ago 455MB
centoslqb1 lqbcentosv1 9d09c724aa58 3 hours ago 200MB8、删除镜像。通过docker rmi来进行删除。
[[email protected] centos]# docker rmi 9d09c724aa58
Untagged: centoslqb1:lqbcentosv1
Deleted: sha256:9d09c724aa58ee7bf22e1b3ed7aaa53437c4e57eaa1ed47b66fbde62d3946a75
[[email protected] centos]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos/lqb lqbv2 466ccf2de68e 28 minutes ago 455MB（三）容器的连接
通过一个端口实现连接一个docker容器
1、网络端口的映射-----随机映射。docker run -P 。-P :是容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口。
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -t -i -d -P httpd /bin/bash
273c5df97d67e8bd256deb22b3b325f56a3c7b25cd113509cfffe3346ceaa285
[[email protected] centos]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
273c5df97d67 httpd "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp quirky_stonebraker
51fa7e933821 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 2 days ago Up 21 hours 80/tcp nginxv22、网络端口的映射-----指定映射 docker run -d -p 。
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -t -p 8888:80 httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Oct 25 08:02:42.006060 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140406403273920] AH00489: Apache/2.4.37 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Oct 25 08:02:42.006225 2018] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140406403273920] AH00094: Command line: ‘httpd -D FOREGROUND‘
172.20.18.255 - - [25/Oct/2018:08:02:51 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 453、指定ip地址的映射
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -t -p 172.20.66.113:8888:80 httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.2. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Oct 25 08:03:44.093560 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 140221092869312] AH00489: Apache/2.4.37 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Oct 25 08:03:44.093720 2018] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 140221092869312] AH00094: Command line: ‘httpd -D FOREGROUND‘4、指定相关的传输协议的映射
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -t -p 172.20.66.113:8000:80/udp httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 172.17.0.3. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message
[Thu Oct 25 08:05:33.630321 2018] [mpm_event:notice] [pid 1:tid 139959673029824] AH00489: Apache/2.4.37 (Unix) configured -- resuming normal operations
[Thu Oct 25 08:05:33.630494 2018] [core:notice] [pid 1:tid 139959673029824] AH00094: Command line: ‘httpd -D FOREGROUND‘
[[email protected] ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
433ec39bebfe httpd "httpd-foreground" 31 seconds ago Up 31 seconds 80/tcp, 172.20.66.113:8000->80/udp fervent_edison
27161fa1179a httpd "httpd-foreground" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes 172.20.66.113:8888->80/tcp vigilant_spence
备注：
-p hostPort:containerPort
-p ip:hostPort:containerPort
-p ip::containerPort
-p hostPort:containerPort:udp
-p 81:80 –p 443:443（四）、数据卷的挂载
1、挂载默认路径的卷
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -d --name nginx-volume -v /data nginx
36195574d6f468d008197c81066893b99e9459079ee6953c768a3dd2f2732b4c
[[email protected] centos]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
36195574d6f4 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 9 seconds ago Up 8 seconds 80/tcp nginx-volume
27161fa1179a httpd "httpd-foreground" 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 172.20.66.113:8888->80/tcp vigilant_spence
[[email protected] centos]# sh /home/docker_pid.sh 36195574d6f4
[email protected]:/# hostname
36195574d6f4
[email protected]:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /
tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /data
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/firmware
[email protected]:/# touch /data/2.log
[email protected]:/# ls /data/
1.log 2.log test
[[email protected] data]# docker inspect -f {{.Mounts}} nginx-volume
[{volume b989bef7efdc81fe63c76914f5f2e4621db327a5bf5136fab5b9dd09f994b23c /var/lib/docker/volumes/b989bef7efdc81fe63c76914f5f2e4621db327a
[[email protected] data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/b989bef7efdc81fe63c76914f5f2e4621db327a5bf5136fab5b9dd09f994b23c/_data/
1.log test/
[[email protected] data]# cd /var/lib/docker/volumes/b989bef7efdc81fe63c76914f5f2e4621db327a5bf5136fab5b9dd09f994b23c/_data/
[[email protected] _data]# ls
[[email protected] _data]# ls
1.log 2.log test
所有的文件都是挂载到主机var/lib/docker/volumes/b989bef7efdc81fe63c76914f5f2e4621db327a5bf5136fab5b9dd09f994b23c/_data /下2、指定好相关路径的数据卷
[[email protected] _data]# mkdir /data/volumnes
[[email protected] _data]# docker run -d --name nginx-volumes2 -v /data/volumnes/:/data/ nginx
5a4e5e692732368888f3b9c4ce920b8281ca23b0eaf01f3ba93392d84e63c3ff
[[email protected] _data]# docekr ps
-bash: docekr: command not found
[[email protected] _data]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a4e5e692732 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 19 seconds ago Up 18 seconds 80/tcp nginx-volumes2
36195574d6f4 nginx "nginx -g ‘daemon of…" 15 minutes ago Up 15 minutes 80/tcp nginx-volume
27161fa1179a httpd "httpd-foreground" 26 minutes ago Up 26 minutes 172.20.66.113:8888->80/tcp vigilant_spence
[[email protected] _data]# sh /home/docker_pid.sh 5a4e5e692732
mesg: ttyname failed: No such file or directory
[email protected]:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /
tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /data
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/firmware
[email protected]:/# cd /data/
[email protected]:/data# ls
[email protected]:/data# touch lqb.log
## 2、在容器里进行查看
[email protected]:/data# cat yz.txt
11111111
2222222222
[email protected]:/data# ls
lqb.log yz.txt
## 1、在宿主机上创建文件
[[email protected] centos]# vim /data/volumnes/yz.txt
11111111
22222222223、挂载数据卷容器（一个容器可以挂载另一个容器所使用的卷共享存储）
[[email protected] centos]# docker run -it --name volumes3 --volumes-from nginx-volume centos /bin/bash
[[email protected] /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
overlay 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /
tmpfs 64M 0 64M 0% /dev
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 8.4G 42G 17% /data
shm 64M 0 64M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/acpi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /proc/scsi
tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/firmware
[[email protected] /]# cd /data/
[[email protected] data]# ls
1.log 2.log test
[[email protected] data]# cat 1.log
11112以上是关于Docker入门基本操作的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章