tar 命令man说明

Posted 2021-01-13 liweiming

TAR(1) User Commands TAR(1)

 

NAME
tar - manual page for tar 1.26

SYNOPSIS
tar [OPTION...] [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
GNU `tar‘ saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can
restore individual files from the archive.

Note that this manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a
list of possible functionality) originally generated by the help2man utility.
The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info
and tar programs are properly installed at your site, the command `info tar‘
should give you access to the complete manual.

EXAMPLES
tar -cf archive.tar foo bar
# Create archive.tar from files foo and bar.

tar -tvf archive.tar
# List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

tar -xf archive.tar
# Extract all files from archive.tar.

DEFAULTS
*This* tar installation defaults to:

--format=gnu -f- -b20 --quoting-style=escape --rmt-command=/sbin/rmt --rsh-com‐
mand=/usr/bin/rsh

Main operation mode:
-A, --catenate, --concatenate
append tar files to an archive

-c, --create
create a new archive

-d, --diff, --compare
find differences between archive and file system

--delete
delete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)

-r, --append
append files to the end of an archive

-t, --list
list the contents of an archive

--test-label
test the archive volume label and exit

-u, --update
only append files newer than copy in archive

-x, --extract, --get
extract files from an archive

Common options:
-C, --directory=DIR
change to directory DIR

-f, --file=ARCHIVE
use archive file or device ARCHIVE

-j, --bzip2
filter the archive through bzip2

-J, --xz
filter the archive through xz

-p, --preserve-permissions
extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)

-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed

-z, --gzip
filter the archive through gzip

Operation modifiers:
--check-device
check device numbers when creating incremental archives (default)

-g, --listed-incremental=FILE
handle new GNU-format incremental backup

-G, --incremental
handle old GNU-format incremental backup

--ignore-failed-read
do not exit with nonzero on unreadable files

--level=NUMBER
dump level for created listed-incremental archive

-n, --seek
archive is seekable

--no-check-device
do not check device numbers when creating incremental archives

--no-seek
archive is not seekable

--occurrence[=NUMBER]
process only the NUMBERth occurrence of each file in the archive; this
option is valid only in conjunction with one of the subcommands --delete,
--diff, --extract or --list and when a list of files is given either on
the command line or via the -T option; NUMBER defaults to 1

--sparse-version=MAJOR[.MINOR]
set version of the sparse format to use (implies --sparse)

-S, --sparse
handle sparse files efficiently

Overwrite control:
-k, --keep-old-files
don‘t replace existing files when extracting, treat them as errors

--keep-newer-files
don‘t replace existing files that are newer than their archive copies

--no-overwrite-dir
preserve metadata of existing directories

--overwrite
overwrite existing files when extracting

--overwrite-dir
overwrite metadata of existing directories when extracting (default)

--recursive-unlink
empty hierarchies prior to extracting directory

--remove-files
remove files after adding them to the archive

--skip-old-files
don‘t replace existing files when extracting, silently skip over them

-U, --unlink-first
remove each file prior to extracting over it

-W, --verify
attempt to verify the archive after writing it

Select output stream:
--ignore-command-error ignore exit codes of children

--no-ignore-command-error
treat non-zero exit codes of children as error

-O, --to-stdout
extract files to standard output

--to-command=COMMAND
pipe extracted files to another program

Handling of file attributes:
--atime-preserve[=METHOD]
preserve access times on dumped files, either by restoring the times
after reading (METHOD=‘replace‘; default) or by not setting the times in
the first place (METHOD=‘system‘)

--delay-directory-restore
delay setting modification times and permissions of extracted directories
until the end of extraction

--group=NAME
force NAME as group for added files

--mode=CHANGES
force (symbolic) mode CHANGES for added files

--mtime=DATE-OR-FILE
set mtime for added files from DATE-OR-FILE

-m, --touch
don‘t extract file modified time

--no-delay-directory-restore
cancel the effect of --delay-directory-restore option

--no-same-owner
extract files as yourself (default for ordinary users)

--no-same-permissions
apply the user‘s umask when extracting permissions from the archive
(default for ordinary users)

--numeric-owner
always use numbers for user/group names

--owner=NAME
force NAME as owner for added files

-p, --preserve-permissions, --same-permissions
extract information about file permissions (default for superuser)

--preserve
same as both -p and -s

--same-owner
try extracting files with the same ownership as exists in the archive
(default for superuser)

-s, --preserve-order, --same-order
sort names to extract to match archive

Handling of extended file attributes:
--acls Enable the POSIX ACLs support

--no-acls
Disable the POSIX ACLs support

--no-selinux
Disable the SELinux context support

--no-xattrs
Disable extended attributes support

--selinux
Enable the SELinux context support

--xattrs
Enable extended attributes support

--xattrs-exclude=MASK
specify the exclude pattern for xattr keys

--xattrs-include=MASK
specify the include pattern for xattr keys

Device selection and switching:
-f, --file=ARCHIVE
use archive file or device ARCHIVE

--force-local
archive file is local even if it has a colon

-F, --info-script=NAME, --new-volume-script=NAME
run script at end of each tape (implies -M)

-L, --tape-length=NUMBER
change tape after writing NUMBER x 1024 bytes

-M, --multi-volume
create/list/extract multi-volume archive

--rmt-command=COMMAND
use given rmt COMMAND instead of rmt

--rsh-command=COMMAND
use remote COMMAND instead of rsh

--volno-file=FILE
use/update the volume number in FILE

Device blocking:
-b, --blocking-factor=BLOCKS
BLOCKS x 512 bytes per record

-B, --read-full-records
reblock as we read (for 4.2BSD pipes)

-i, --ignore-zeros
ignore zeroed blocks in archive (means EOF)

--record-size=NUMBER
NUMBER of bytes per record, multiple of 512

Archive format selection:
-H, --format=FORMAT
create archive of the given format

FORMAT is one of the following:

gnu GNU tar 1.13.x format

oldgnu GNU format as per tar <= 1.12

pax POSIX 1003.1-2001 (pax) format

posix same as pax

ustar POSIX 1003.1-1988 (ustar) format

v7 old V7 tar format

--old-archive, --portability
same as --format=v7

--pax-option=keyword[[:]=value][,keyword[[:]=value]]...
control pax keywords

--posix
same as --format=posix

-V, --label=TEXT
create archive with volume name TEXT; at list/extract time, use TEXT as a
globbing pattern for volume name

Compression options:
-a, --auto-compress
use archive suffix to determine the compression program

-I, --use-compress-program=PROG
filter through PROG (must accept -d)

-j, --bzip2
filter the archive through bzip2

-J, --xz
filter the archive through xz

--lzip filter the archive through lzip

--lzma filter the archive through lzma

--lzop

--no-auto-compress
do not use archive suffix to determine the compression program

-z, --gzip, --gunzip, --ungzip
filter the archive through gzip

-Z, --compress, --uncompress
filter the archive through compress

Note: You might need to install external program (lzip/ncompress/lzma...) to use
some of these compression options

Local file selection:
--add-file=FILE
add given FILE to the archive (useful if its name starts with a dash)

--backup[=CONTROL]
backup before removal, choose version CONTROL

-C, --directory=DIR
change to directory DIR

--exclude=PATTERN
exclude files, given as a PATTERN

--exclude-backups
exclude backup and lock files

--exclude-caches
exclude contents of directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG, except for the
tag file itself

--exclude-caches-all
exclude directories containing CACHEDIR.TAG

--exclude-caches-under exclude everything under directories containing
CACHEDIR.TAG

--exclude-tag=FILE
exclude contents of directories containing FILE, except for FILE itself

--exclude-tag-all=FILE exclude directories containing FILE

--exclude-tag-under=FILE
exclude everything under directories containing FILE

--exclude-vcs
exclude version control system directories

-h, --dereference
follow symlinks; archive and dump the files they point to

--hard-dereference
follow hard links; archive and dump the files they refer to

-K, --starting-file=MEMBER-NAME
begin at member MEMBER-NAME in the archive

--newer-mtime=DATE
compare date and time when data changed only

--no-null
disable the effect of the previous --null option

--no-recursion
avoid descending automatically in directories

--no-unquote
do not unquote filenames read with -T

--null -T reads null-terminated names, disable -C

-N, --newer=DATE-OR-FILE, --after-date=DATE-OR-FILE
only store files newer than DATE-OR-FILE

--one-file-system
stay in local file system when creating archive

-P, --absolute-names
don‘t strip leading `/‘s from file names

--recursion
recurse into directories (default)

--suffix=STRING
backup before removal, override usual suffix (‘~‘ unless overridden by
environment variable SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX)

-T, --files-from=FILE
get names to extract or create from FILE

--unquote
unquote filenames read with -T (default)

-X, --exclude-from=FILE
exclude patterns listed in FILE

File name transformations:
--strip-components=NUMBER
strip NUMBER leading components from file names on extraction

--transform=EXPRESSION, --xform=EXPRESSION
use sed replace EXPRESSION to transform file names

File name matching options (affect both exclude and include patterns):

--anchored
patterns match file name start

--ignore-case
ignore case

--no-anchored
patterns match after any `/‘ (default for exclusion)

--no-ignore-case
case sensitive matching (default)

--no-wildcards
verbatim string matching

--no-wildcards-match-slash
wildcards do not match `/‘

--wildcards
use wildcards (default)

--wildcards-match-slash
wildcards match `/‘ (default for exclusion)

Informative output:
--checkpoint[=NUMBER]
display progress messages every NUMBERth record (default 10)

--checkpoint-action=ACTION
execute ACTION on each checkpoint

--full-time
print file time to its full resolution

--index-file=FILE
send verbose output to FILE

-l, --check-links
print a message if not all links are dumped

--no-quote-chars=STRING
disable quoting for characters from STRING

--quote-chars=STRING
additionally quote characters from STRING

--quoting-style=STYLE
set name quoting style; see below for valid STYLE values

-R, --block-number
show block number within archive with each message

--show-defaults
show tar defaults

--show-omitted-dirs
when listing or extracting, list each directory that does not match
search criteria

--show-transformed-names, --show-stored-names
show file or archive names after transformation

--totals[=SIGNAL]
print total bytes after processing the archive; with an argument - print
total bytes when this SIGNAL is delivered; Allowed signals are: SIGHUP,
SIGQUIT, SIGINT, SIGUSR1 and SIGUSR2; the names without SIG prefix are
also accepted

--utc print file modification dates in UTC

-v, --verbose
verbosely list files processed

--warning=KEYWORD
warning control

-w, --interactive, --confirmation
ask for confirmation for every action

Compatibility options:
-o when creating, same as --old-archive; when extracting, same as
--no-same-owner

Other options:
-?, --help
give this help list

--restrict
disable use of some potentially harmful options

--usage
give a short usage message

--version
print program version

Mandatory or optional arguments to long options are also mandatory or optional
for any corresponding short options.

The backup suffix is `~‘, unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The
version control may be set with --backup or VERSION_CONTROL, values are:

none, off
never make backups

t, numbered
make numbered backups

nil, existing
numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise

never, simple
always make simple backups

Valid arguments for the --quoting-style option are:

literal shell shell-always c c-maybe escape locale clocale

AUTHOR
Written by John Gilmore and Jay Fenlason.

REPORTING BUGS
Report bugs to <[email protected]>.

COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version
3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO
WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

 

tar 1.26 February 2013 TAR(1)