《面向对象程序设计(java)》第七周学习总结

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1、实验目的与要求

(1)进一步理解4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途; 

(2)掌握Object类的常用API用法;

(3)掌握ArrayList类用法与常用API;

(4)掌握枚举类使用方法;

(5)结合本章知识,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点;

(6)熟练掌握Java语言中基于类、继承技术构造程序的语法知识(ch1-ch5);

(7)利用已掌握Java语言程序设计知识,学习设计开发含有1个主类、2个以上用户自定义类的应用程序。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1  补充以下程序中主类内main方法体,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。

public class TEST1 {

private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性";

public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性";

protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性";

String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性";

private void tese1() {

System.out.println("我是TEST1private修饰符修饰的方法");

}

public void tese2() {

System.out.println("我是TEST1public修饰符修饰的方法");

}

protected void tese3() {

System.out.println("我是TEST1protected修饰符修饰的方法");

}

void tese4() {

System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法");

}

}

public class TEST2 extends TEST1{

private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性";

 

public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性";

 

protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性";

 

String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性";

 

public void demo1() {

 

System.out.println("我是TEST2public修饰符修饰的方法");

 

}

 

private void demo2() {

 

System.out.println("我是TEST2private修饰符修饰的方法");

 

}

 

protected void demo3() {

 

System.out.println("我是TEST2protected修饰符修饰的方法");

 

}

 

void demo4() {

 

System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法");

 

}

 

}

 

public class Main {

 

public static void main(String[] args) {

 

TEST2 test2 = new TEST2();

/*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性,结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/

}

}

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

实验代码:

 1 package test1;
 2 
 3 public class Main {
 4     public static void main(String[] args) {
 5         TEST2 test2=new TEST2();
 6         test2.demo1();
 7         test2.demo3();
 8         test2.demo4();
 9         test2.tese2();
10         test2.tese3();
11         test2.tese4();
12         System.out.println(test2.e2);
13         System.out.println(test2.e3);
14         System.out.println(test2.e4);
15         System.out.println(test2.t2);
16         System.out.println(test2.t3);
17         System.out.println(test2.t4);
18     }
19 }
 1 package test1;
 2 
 3 public class TEST1 {
 4     private String t1="这是TEST1的私有属性";
 5     public String t2="这是TEST2的公有属性";
 6     protected String t3="这是TEST1受保护的属性";
 7     String t4="这是TEST1的默认属性";
 8     private void tese1() {
 9         System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法 ");
10     }
11     public void tese2() {
12         System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法");
13     }
14     protected void tese3() {
15         System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
16     }
17     void tese4() {
18         System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法");
19     }
20 }
 1 package test1;
 2 
 3 public class TEST2 extends TEST1 {
 4     private String e1="这是TEST2的私有属性";
 5     public String e2="这是TEST2的公有属性";
 6     protected String e3="这是TEST2受保护的属性";
 7     String e4="这是TEST2的默认属性";
 8     public void demo1() {
 9         System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法");
10     }
11     private void demo2() {
12         System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法");
13     }
14     protected void demo3() {
15         System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
16     }
17     void demo4() {
18         System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法");
19     }
20 }

实验结果:

技术分享图片

 

实验2  第五章测试程序反思,继承知识总结。

测试程序1:

? 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10(教材174页-177页);

? 结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握Object类的定义及用法;

实验代码:

 

 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 5  * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 6  * @author Cay Horstmann
 7  */
 8 public class EqualsTest
 9 {
10    public static void main(String[] args)
11    {
12       Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
13       Employee alice2 = alice1;
14       Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
15       Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
16 
17       System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));
18 
19       System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));
20 
21       System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));
22 
23       System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));
24 
25       System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
26 
27       Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
28       Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
29       boss.setBonus(5000);
30       System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
31       System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
32       System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
33       System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
34       System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
35       System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
36    }
37 }

 

 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 import java.time.*;
 4 import java.util.Objects;
 5 
 6 public class Employee
 7 {
 8    private String name;
 9    private double salary;
10    private LocalDate hireDay;
11 
12    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
13    {
14       this.name = name;
15       this.salary = salary;
16       hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
17    }
18 
19    public String getName()
20    {
21       return name;
22    }
23 
24    public double getSalary()
25    {
26       return salary;
27    }
28 
29    public LocalDate getHireDay()
30    {
31       return hireDay;
32    }
33 
34    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
35    {
36       double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
37       salary += raise;
38    }
39 
40    public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
41    {
42       // 快速检查对象是否相同 
43       if (this == otherObject) return true;
44 
45       // 如果显式参数为空,则必须返回false
46       if (otherObject == null) return false;
47 
48       // 如果类不匹配,它们就不能相等
49 if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; 50 51 // 现在我们知道另一个对象是非空雇员
52 Employee other = (Employee) otherObject; 53 54 // 测试字段是否具有相同的值 55 return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay); 56 } 57 58 public int hashCode() 59 { 60 return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 61 } 62 63 public String toString() 64 { 65 return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay 66 + "]"; 67 } 68 }
 1 package equals;
 2 
 3 public class Manager extends Employee
 4 {
 5    private double bonus;
 6 
 7    public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
 8    {
 9       super(name, salary, year, month, day);
10       bonus = 0;
11    }
12 
13    public double getSalary()
14    {
15       double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
16       return baseSalary + bonus;
17    }
18 
19    public void setBonus(double bonus)
20    {
21       this.bonus = bonus;
22    }
23 
24    public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
25    {
26       if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
27       Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
28       // super.equals检查这个和其他属于同一个类
29 return bonus == other.bonus; 30 } 31 //获得散列码,看看是否相同 32 public int hashCode() 33 { 34 return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus); 35 } 36 37 public String toString() 38 { 39 return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]"; 40 } 41 }

实验结果:

技术分享图片

 

 

测试程序2:

? 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-11(教材182页);

? 结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握ArrayList类的定义及用法;

实验代码:

 

 1 package arrayList;
 2 
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 7  * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class ArrayListTest
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       // 用三个雇员对象填充工作人员数组列表
15 ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>(); 16 17 staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15)); 18 staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1)); 19 staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); 20 21 // 把每个人的工资提高5% 22 for (Employee e : staff) 23 e.raiseSalary(5); 24 25 // 打印所有员工对象的信息
26 for (Employee e : staff) 27 System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 28 + e.getHireDay()); 29 } 30 }

 

 1 package arrayList;
 2 
 3 import java.time.*;
 4 
 5 public class Employee
 6 {
 7    private String name;
 8    private double salary;
 9    private LocalDate hireDay;
10 
11    public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
12    {
13       this.name = name;
14       this.salary = salary;
15       hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
16    }
17 
18    public String getName()
19    {
20       return name;
21    }
22 
23    public double getSalary()
24    {
25       return salary;
26    }
27 
28    public LocalDate getHireDay()
29    {
30       return hireDay;
31    }
32 
33    public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
34    {
35       double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
36       salary += raise;
37    }
38 }

实验结果:

技术分享图片

 

 

测试程序3:

? 编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页);

? 结合运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握枚举类的定义及用法;

实验代码:

 

 1 package enums;
 2 
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 7  * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class EnumTest
11 {  
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {  
14       Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
15       System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
16       String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
17       Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
18       System.out.println("size=" + size);
19       System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
20       if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
21          System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
22    }
23 }
24 
25 enum Size
26 {
//枚举类的所有实例必须放在第一行显示。
27 SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL"); 28 29 private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; } 30 public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } 31 32 private String abbreviation; 33 }

实验结果:

技术分享图片

 

 

实验3采用个人账号登录https://pintia.cn/完成《2018秋季西北师范大学面向对象程序设计(Java)(ch1-ch5)测试题2》,测试时间60分钟;

实验4: 课后完成实验3未完成的测试内容。

实验总结:通过这次四个修饰符与三个类的实验,我掌握了四个修饰符的权限范围,了解了三个特殊类的含义及使用方法。但还是有许多细节上的理解不到位和不足,尤其是枚举类的定义和用法还没有完全理解和掌握,还需要努力实践练习以掌握枚举类的含义并巩固其他所学知识。

 







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