Django中decorators装饰器的使用

Posted 2021-01-12 bad-robot

1、CBV实现的登录视图

class LoginView(View):

    def get(self, request):
        """
        处理GET请求
        """
        return render(request, ‘login.html‘)

    def post(self, request):
        """
        处理POST请求 
        """
        user = request.POST.get(‘user‘)
        pwd = request.POST.get(‘pwd‘)
        if user == ‘alex‘ and pwd == "alex1234":
            next_url = request.GET.get("next")
            # 生成随机字符串
            # 写浏览器cookie -> session_id: 随机字符串
            # 写到服务端session：
            # {
            #     "随机字符串": {‘user‘:‘alex‘}
            # }
            request.session[‘user‘] = user
            if next_url:
                return redirect(next_url)
            else:
                return redirect(‘/index/‘)
        return render(request, ‘login.html‘)

2、要在CBV视图中使用我们上面的check_login装饰器，有以下三种方式：

2.1、加在CBV视图的get或post方法上

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator


class HomeView(View):

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "home.html")
    
    @method_decorator(check_login)
    def post(self, request):
        print("Home View POST method...")
        return redirect("/index/")

2.2、加在dispatch方法上

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator


class HomeView(View):

    @method_decorator(check_login)
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "home.html")

    def post(self, request):
        print("Home View POST method...")
        return redirect("/index/")

　　因为CBV中首先执行的就是dispatch方法，所以这么写相当于给get和post方法都加上了登录校验。

2.3、直接加在视图类上，但method_decorator必须传 name 关键字参数

　　如果get方法和post方法都需要登录校验的话就写两个装饰器。

from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator

@method_decorator(check_login, name="get")
@method_decorator(check_login, name="post")
class HomeView(View):

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "home.html")

    def post(self, request):
        print("Home View POST method...")
        return redirect("/index/")

3、CSRF Token相关装饰器在CBV中的使用

　　CSRF Token相关装饰器在CBV只能加到dispatch方法上，或者加在视图类上然后name参数指定为dispatch方法。

• csrf_protect，为当前函数强制设置防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中没有设置全局中间件。
• csrf_exempt，取消当前函数防跨站请求伪造功能，即便settings中设置了全局中间件。

　　

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator


class HomeView(View):

    @method_decorator(csrf_exempt)
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "home.html")

    def post(self, request):
        print("Home View POST method...")
        return redirect("/index/")

　　或者

from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt, csrf_protect
from django.utils.decorators import method_decorator


@method_decorator(csrf_exempt, name=‘dispatch‘)
class HomeView(View):
   
    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return super(HomeView, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def get(self, request):
        return render(request, "home.html")

    def post(self, request):
        print("Home View POST method...")
        return redirect("/index/")