taint源码分析与使用介绍

Posted 2021-01-12 ermei

一、介绍

动态污点分析（Dynamic Taint Analysis，DTA）是一种动态信息流分析方法，其跟踪程序运行时对数据的处理，并记录处理过程中数据的传播，污点分析的目的是找出目的数据结果与源数据之间的依赖关系。污点分析可以分为三个方面：污点标记、污点传播和污点检查。污点标记是指来自网络等不可信渠道的数据都会被标记为“污点”。在污点标记后，污点数据进行各种运算所得的结果也是不可信的，因此也被标记上了“被污染的”的属性，这个过程就是污点传播。

简介：Taint是一个php插件，主要的功能有检测XSS、SQL注入、命令注入、代码注入等漏洞。

原理：检查某些关键函数（是否直接使用（没有经过过滤或转义处理）了来自$_GET,$_POST,$_COOKIE,的数据，如使用则给出提示

二、安装使用

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/taint-1.2.2.tgz （下载最新的taint）
tar zxvf taint-1.2.2.tgz
cd taint-1.2.2
Phpize
./configure
make
make install
配置：php/lib/php.ini

 

成功安装后，会在nginx的error.log处生成warning日志：

三、漏洞测试：

XSS
漏洞代码：
$uri = Yii::app()->request->getParam(‘uri‘);echo $uri; 
Error.log内容：
2018/10/09 11:39:29 [error] 14763#0: *2333 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  actionIndex() [echo]: Attempt to echo a string that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/main/controller/TemplateController.php on line 18" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.27.12, server: localhost, request: "GET /Template/index?uri=dlytestxssecho HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "localhost"


SQL
漏洞代码：
 public function getLikeStableLink($url){       $strSql="select id from ".$this->table." where state= 2 AND stable_link like ‘%".$url."%‘ order by create_time desc";        $result=$this->db()->query($strSql);        return $result;    } 
Error.log内容：
2018/10/09 14:28:03 [error] 14762#0: *2483 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  query() [mysqli::query]: SQL statement contains data that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/common/shared/db/DB.php on line 531PHP message: PHP Warning:  query() [mysqli::query]: SQL statement contains data that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/common/shared/db/DB.php on line 531" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.27.12, server: localhost, request: "GET /getinnerlink/index?logid=634395945&url=https%3A%2f%2flocalhost%2fcredit%2f12312&category_id=8 HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "localhost" 

任意文件读取
漏洞代码：
Echo $uri;
$this->renderFile($uri ); 
Error.log内容：
2018/10/09 15:36:19 [error] 14770#0: *2623 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  actionIndex() [echo]: Attempt to echo a string that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/main/controller/TemplateController.php on line 18PHP message: PHP Warning:  renderInternal() [require]: File path contains data that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/framework/web/CBaseController.php on line 123" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.27.12, server: localhost, request: "GET /Template/index?uri=/etc/passwd HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "localhost" 


命令执行
漏洞代码：
System($_GET[‘a‘]);
Error.log内容：2018/10/09 15:57:09 [error] 14769#0: *2651 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  actionIndex() [system]: CMD statement contains data that might be tainted in /home/dly/www/main/controller/TemplateController.php on line 19" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.27.12, server: localhost, request: "GET /Template/index?uri=ifconfig HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "localhost"


代码执行
漏洞代码：
$fun = $_GET[‘fun‘];$par = $_GET[‘par‘];$fun($par); 
Error.log内容：
2018/10/09 16:00:38 [error] 14769#0: *2653 FastCGI sent in stderr: "PHP message: PHP Warning:  actionIndex() [fcall]: Attempt to call a function which name might be tainted in /home/dly/www/main/controller/TemplateController.php on line 21" while reading response header from upstream, client: 10.0.27.12, server: localhost, request: "GET /Template/index?fun=phpinfo HTTP/1.1", upstream: "fastcgi://127.0.0.1:9000", host: "localhost" 

四、代码分析：

1、

#define IS_STR_TAINT_POSSIBLE    (1<<7)
//定义mark规则
#define TAINT_MARK(str)        (GC_FLAGS((str)) |= IS_STR_TAINT_POSSIBLE)
#define TAINT_POSSIBLE(str) (GC_FLAGS((str)) & IS_STR_TAINT_POSSIBLE)
#define TAINT_CLEAN(str)      (GC_FLAGS((str)) &= ~IS_STR_TAINT_POSSIBLE)

2、对用户传入的数据进行mark

PHP_RINIT_FUNCTION(taint)
{
    if (SG(sapi_started) || !TAINT_G(enable)) {
        return SUCCESS;
    }

//污染post数据
    if (Z_TYPE(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_POST]) == IS_ARRAY) {
        php_taint_mark_strings(Z_ARRVAL(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_POST]));
    }
//污染GET变量数据
    if (Z_TYPE(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_GET]) == IS_ARRAY) {
        php_taint_mark_strings(Z_ARRVAL(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_GET]));
    }
//污染COOKIE数据
    if (Z_TYPE(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_COOKIE]) == IS_ARRAY) {
        php_taint_mark_strings(Z_ARRVAL(PG(http_globals)[TRACK_VARS_COOKIE]));
    }

    return SUCCESS;
}

//标记所有的GET、COOKIE、POST、SERVER这些array中的每个key->value初始标记为taint
static void php_taint_mark_strings(zend_array *symbol_table) /* {{{ */ {
   zval *val;
   ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_VAL(symbol_table, val) {
      ZVAL_DEREF(val);
      if (Z_TYPE_P(val) == IS_ARRAY) {
         php_taint_mark_strings(Z_ARRVAL_P(val));
      } else if (IS_STRING == Z_TYPE_P(val) && Z_STRLEN_P(val)) {
         TAINT_MARK(Z_STR_P(val));
      }
   } ZEND_HASH_FOREACH_END();
} /* }}} */

3、遇到非变量赋值函数时，去掉MARK

赋值函数list：

static void php_taint_override_functions() /* {{{ */ {
    const char *f_join         = "join";
    const char *f_trim         = "trim";
    const char *f_split        = "split";
    const char *f_rtrim        = "rtrim";
    const char *f_ltrim        = "ltrim";
    const char *f_strval       = "strval";
    const char *f_strstr       = "strstr";
    const char *f_substr       = "substr";
    const char *f_sprintf      = "sprintf";
    const char *f_explode      = "explode";
    const char *f_implode      = "implode";
    const char *f_str_pad      = "str_pad";
    const char *f_vsprintf     = "vsprintf";
    const char *f_str_replace  = "str_replace";
    const char *f_str_ireplace = "str_ireplace";
    const char *f_strtolower   = "strtolower";
    const char *f_strtoupper   = "strtoupper";
    const char *f_dirname      = "dirname";
    const char *f_basename     = "basename";
    const char *f_pathinfo     = "pathinfo";

    php_taint_override_func(f_strval, PHP_FN(taint_strval), &TAINT_O_FUNC(strval));
    php_taint_override_func(f_sprintf, PHP_FN(taint_sprintf), &TAINT_O_FUNC(sprintf));
    php_taint_override_func(f_vsprintf, PHP_FN(taint_vsprintf), &TAINT_O_FUNC(vsprintf));
    php_taint_override_func(f_explode, PHP_FN(taint_explode), &TAINT_O_FUNC(explode));
    php_taint_override_func(f_split, PHP_FN(taint_explode), NULL);
    php_taint_override_func(f_implode, PHP_FN(taint_implode), &TAINT_O_FUNC(implode));
    php_taint_override_func(f_join, PHP_FN(taint_implode), NULL);
    php_taint_override_func(f_trim, PHP_FN(taint_trim), &TAINT_O_FUNC(trim));
    php_taint_override_func(f_rtrim, PHP_FN(taint_rtrim), &TAINT_O_FUNC(rtrim));
    php_taint_override_func(f_ltrim, PHP_FN(taint_ltrim), &TAINT_O_FUNC(ltrim));
    php_taint_override_func(f_str_replace, PHP_FN(taint_str_replace), &TAINT_O_FUNC(str_replace));
    php_taint_override_func(f_str_ireplace, PHP_FN(taint_str_ireplace), &TAINT_O_FUNC(str_ireplace));
    php_taint_override_func(f_str_pad, PHP_FN(taint_str_pad), &TAINT_O_FUNC(str_pad));
    php_taint_override_func(f_strstr, PHP_FN(taint_strstr), &TAINT_O_FUNC(strstr));
    php_taint_override_func(f_strtolower, PHP_FN(taint_strtolower), &TAINT_O_FUNC(strtolower));
    php_taint_override_func(f_strtoupper, PHP_FN(taint_strtoupper), &TAINT_O_FUNC(strtoupper));
    php_taint_override_func(f_substr, PHP_FN(taint_substr), &TAINT_O_FUNC(substr));
    php_taint_override_func(f_dirname, PHP_FN(taint_dirname), &TAINT_O_FUNC(dirname));
    php_taint_override_func(f_basename, PHP_FN(taint_basename), &TAINT_O_FUNC(basename));
    php_taint_override_func(f_pathinfo, PHP_FN(taint_pathinfo), &TAINT_O_FUNC(pathinfo));

} /* }}} */

去掉taint标记

PHP_FUNCTION(untaint)
{
    zval *args;
    int argc;
    int i;

    if (!TAINT_G(enable)) {
        RETURN_TRUE;
    }

    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS(), "+", &args, &argc) == FAILURE) {
    //zend_parse_parameters获取函数传递的参数
    //ZEND_NUM_ARGS函数中传递参数的个数
        return;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
        zval *el = &args[i];
        ZVAL_DEREF(el);
//判断变量是string型，并且被标记过
        if (IS_STRING == Z_TYPE_P(el) && TAINT_POSSIBLE(Z_STR_P(el))) {
            TAINT_CLEAN(Z_STR_P(el));
        }
    }

    RETURN_TRUE;
}

4、漏洞判断逻辑(XSS举例)：

static int php_taint_echo_handler(zend_execute_data *execute_data) /* {{{ */ {
    const zend_op *opline = execute_data->opline;//指向当前执行的opcode，初始时指向zend_op_array起始位置
    //* opcode指令：即PHP代码具体对应的处理动作，与二进制程序中的代码段对应
    taint_free_op free_op1;
    zval *op1;

    op1 = php_taint_get_zval_ptr(execute_data, opline->op1_type, opline->op1, &free_op1, BP_VAR_R, 0);
    //获取传入函数的参数

    if (op1 && IS_STRING == Z_TYPE_P(op1) && TAINT_POSSIBLE(Z_STR_P(op1))) {
    //Z_STRVAL_P(op1)获取zval中的string类型的值。XSS漏洞只有在string类型的时候才会触发
        if (opline->extended_value) {//opline->extended_value据百度大佬说，这个取出来的函数参数，因为echo使用时，不存在参数传递,但是这个结构却是uint32_t类型感觉跟函数名有关
            php_taint_error("print", "Attempt to print a string that might be tainted");
        } else {
            php_taint_error("echo", "Attempt to echo a string that might be tainted");
        }
    }

    return ZEND_USER_OPCODE_DISPATCH;
} /* }}} */

五、taint存在的问题：

1、无法检测二次漏洞，二次注入，二次命令注入等。
2、使用白名单进行过滤后，依旧会报出来

3、最重要的是，taint中对不在上面所说的赋值函数list中的函数，如base64_decode都当成过滤函数看待，会导致大量漏洞

如：

$a = base64_decode($_GET[‘a‘]);
echo $a;

这种明显是一段XSS漏洞，但是taint无法报出来。

所以修复建议：去掉untaint，自己手写取消mark逻辑。我也是在思考中，有编码进展会直接更新到这篇博客。