2018-09-18

Posted 2021-01-07 2kp2

12.1 LNMP架构介绍

• 和LAMP不同的是，提供web服务的是nginx
• 并且php是作为一个独立服务存在的，这个服务叫做php-fpm
• Nginx直接处理静态请求，动态请求会转发给php-fpm

12.2 mysql安装

二进制免编译包安装

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mysql/downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# ls
mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar xzvf mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# mv mysql-5.6.39-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] src]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  lib  man  mysql-test  README  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files
[[email protected] src]# useradd mysql
[[email protected] src]# mkdir /data/
[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[[email protected] mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper
[[email protected] mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# echo $?
0
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

[[email protected] mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql

[[email protected] mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! 

12.3/12.4 PHP安装

[[email protected] src]# tar zxf php-5.6.30.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# yum install -y libxml2-devel openssl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel bzip2-devel libcurl-devel
[[email protected] src]# cd php-5.6.30
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl  --with-openssl
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# make && make install
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# cp php.ini-production  /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# vi /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf 
[global]
pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid
error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log
[www]
listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock
listen.mode = 666
user = php-fpm
group = php-fpm
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 20
pm.min_spare_servers = 5
pm.max_spare_servers = 35
pm.max_requests = 500
rlimit_files = 1024
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm
[[email protected] php-5.6.30]# chkconfig php-fpm on

12.5 Nginx介绍

• Nginx官网 nginx.org，最新版1.13，最新稳定版1.12
• Nginx应用场景：web服务、反向代理、负载均衡
• Nginx著名分支，淘宝基于Nginx开发的Tengine，使用上和Nginx一致，服务名，配置文件名都一样，和Nginx的最大区别在于Tenging增加了一些定制化模块，在安全限速方面表现突出，另外它支持对js，css合并
• Nginx核心+lua相关的组件和模块组成了一个支持lua的高性能web容器openresty，参考http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2280928

12.6 Nginx安装

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/src
[[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# tar zxf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.12.1
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# make &&  make install
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 30 21
# description: http service.
# Source Function Library
. /etc/init.d/functions
# Nginx Settings

NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf"
NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
RETVAL=0
prog="Nginx"

start() 
{
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

stop() 
{
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM
    rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

reload()
{
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
    return $RETVAL
}

restart()
{
    stop
    start
}

configtest()
{
    $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t
    return 0
}

case "$1" in
  start)
        start
        ;;
  stop)
        stop
        ;;
  reload)
        reload
        ;;
  restart)
        restart
        ;;
  configtest)
        configtest
        ;;
  *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"
        RETVAL=1
esac

exit $RETVAL
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx 
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig nginx on 
[[email protected] nginx-1.12.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/
[[email protected] conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
[[email protected] conf]# vim nginx.conf 
user nobody nobody;
worker_processes 2;
error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;
pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;

events
{
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 6000;
}

http
{
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;
    server_names_hash_max_size 4096;
    log_format combined_realip ‘$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]‘
    ‘ $host "$request_uri" $status‘
    ‘ "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"‘;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 30;
    client_header_timeout 3m;
    client_body_timeout 3m;
    send_timeout 3m;
    connection_pool_size 256;
    client_header_buffer_size 1k;
    large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;
    request_pool_size 4k;
    output_buffers 4 32k;
    postpone_output 1460;
    client_max_body_size 10m;
    client_body_buffer_size 256k;
    client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;
    proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;
    fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 8k;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm 
    application/xml;

    server
    {
        listen 80;
        server_name localhost;
        index index.html index.htm index.php;
        root /usr/local/nginx/html;

        location ~ .php$ 
        {
            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;
            fastcgi_index index.php;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
        }    
    }
}
[[email protected] conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
[[email protected] conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx  start

扩展
Nginx为什么比Apache Httpd高效：原理篇 http://www.toxingwang.com/linux-unix/linux-basic/1712.html
https://coding.net/u/aminglinux/p/nginx/git/blob/master/4z/IO.md?public=true
https://www.zhihu.com/question/64727674
apache和nginx工作原理比较 http://www.server110.com/nginx/201402/6543.html
概念了解：CGI，FastCGI，PHP-CGI与PHP-FPM https://www.awaimai.com/371.html