Django+Xadmin打造在线教育系统

Posted 2021-01-06 gaoyongjian

完成登录 注册 找回密码 激活 验证码集成

将html文件拷贝到templates目录下,css,js,img,media,images文件夹拷贝到static文件夹下


修改index.html和login.html文件中的静态文件路径,全部替换为如下格式

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "css/reset.css" %}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "css/animate.css" %}">
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "css/style.css" %}">

在文件最上方加入

{% load staticfiles %}

配置主页面的路由

urlpatterns = [
    path(‘admin/‘, xadmin.site.urls),
    path(‘‘,TemplateView.as_view(template_name=‘index.html‘), name=‘index‘),
]

配置登陆页面的路由

path(‘login/‘,LoginView.as_view(),name = ‘login‘),

编写登陆的逻辑代码

users/views.pu

# 实现用户名邮箱均可登录
# 继承ModelBackend类，因为它有方法authenticate，可点进源码查看
from users.models import UserProfile


class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
    def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
        try:
            # 不希望用户存在两个，get只能有一个。两个是get失败的一种原因 Q为使用并集查询

            user = UserProfile.objects.get(Q(username=username)|Q(email=username))

            # django的后台中密码加密：所以不能password==password
            # UserProfile继承的AbstractUser中有def check_password(self, raw_password):

            if user.check_password(password):
                return user
        except Exception as e:
            return None


class LoginView(View):
    def get(self,request):
        return render(request, ‘login.html‘)

    def post(self,request):
        # 获取用户提交的用户名和密码
        user_name = request.POST.get(‘username‘, None)
        pass_word = request.POST.get(‘password‘, None)
        # 成功返回user对象,失败None
        user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)
        # 如果不是null说明验证成功
        if user is not None:
            # 登录
            login(request, user)
            return render(request, ‘index.html‘)
        else:
            return render(request, ‘login.html‘, {‘msg‘: ‘用户名或密码错误‘})

在settings.py中启用自定义验证

# 自定义登陆验证
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
    ‘users.views.CustomBackend‘,
)

修改login文件中的form表单

访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/即可进行登陆,成功会跳转到主页面,失败则会显示错误信息

form实现登陆

在users目录下新建一个forms.py的文件

from django import forms

# 登录表单验证
class LoginForm(forms.Form):
    # 用户名密码不能为空
    username = forms.CharField(required=True)
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=6)

修改LoginView的内容

    def post(self, request):
        # 类实例化需要一个字典参数dict:request.POST就是一个QueryDict所以直接传入
        # POST中的username,password，会对应到form中
        login_form = LoginForm(request.POST)
        # is_valid判断我们字段是否有错执行我们原有逻辑，验证失败跳回login页面
        if login_form.is_valid():
            # 取不到时为空，username，password为前端页面name值
            user_name = request.POST.get("username", "")
            pass_word = request.POST.get("password", "")

            # 成功返回user对象,失败返回null
            user = authenticate(username=user_name, password=pass_word)

            # 如果不是null说明验证成功
            if user is not None:
                # 账号是否激活
                if user.is_active:
                    # login 两参数：request, user
                    # 实际是对request写了一部分东西进去，然后在render的时候：
                    # request是要render回去的。这些信息也就随着返回浏览器。完成登录
                    login(request, user)
                    # 跳转到首页 user request会被带回到首页
                    return render(request, "index.html")
                else:
                    return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "用户未激活！"})
            # 验证不成功跳回登录页面
            # 没有成功说明里面的值是None，并再次跳转回主页面
            else:
                return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "用户名或密码错误! "})
        # form.is_valid（）已经判断不合法了，所以这里不需要再返回错误信息到前端了,错误信息包含在form.errors中
        else:
            return render(request,‘login.html‘,{‘login_form‘:login_form})

修改login.html文件内容

                    <div class="form-group marb20 {% if login_form.errors.username %}errorput{% endif %}">
                        <label>用&nbsp;户&nbsp;名</label>
                        <input name="username" id="account_l" type="text" placeholder="手机号/邮箱" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="form-group marb8 {% if login_form.errors.username %}errorput{% endif %}">
                        <label>密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码</label>
                        <input name="password" id="password_l" type="password" placeholder="请输入您的密码" />
                    </div>
                    <div class="error btns login-form-tips" id="jsLoginTips">
                        {% for key,error in login_form.errors.items %}
                            {{ error }}
                        {% endfor %}
                        {{ msg }}
                    </div>

使用admin账号进行登陆测试

---

邮箱注册

注册时需要验证码
这里使用插件 django-simple-captcha

pip install  django-simple-captcha

配置到INSTALLED_APPS中

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...,
    ‘captcha‘,
]

配置路由

path(‘captcha/‘,include(‘captcha.urls‘)),

映射到数据库

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

创建一个注册的form

# 引入验证码field
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField

# 验证码form & 注册表单form
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
    # 此处email与前端name需保持一致。
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    # 密码不能小于5位
    password = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    # 应用验证码
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={‘invalid‘: ‘验证码错误‘})

编写注册的逻辑代码

class RegisterView(View):
    ‘‘‘用户注册‘‘‘
    def get(self,request):
        register_form = RegisterForm()
        return render(request,‘register.html‘,{‘register_form‘:register_form})

    def post(self,request):
        register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
        if register_form.is_valid():
            user_name = request.POST.get(‘email‘, None)
            # 如果用户已存在，则提示错误信息
            if UserProfile.objects.filter(email = user_name):
                return render(request, ‘register.html‘, {‘register_form‘:register_form,‘msg‘: ‘用户已存在‘})

            pass_word = request.POST.get(‘password‘, None)
            # 实例化一个user_profile对象
            user_profile = UserProfile()
            user_profile.username = user_name
            user_profile.email = user_name
            user_profile.is_active = False
            # 对保存到数据库的密码加密
            user_profile.password = make_password(pass_word)
            user_profile.save()
            send_register_eamil(user_name,‘register‘)
            return render(request,‘login.html‘,{"msg":"邮件已发送,进入邮箱激活"})
        else:
            return render(request,‘register.html‘,{‘register_form‘:register_form})

修改register.html文件

首先修改静态文件路径,接着修改表单配置

    <form id="email_register_form" method="post" action="/register/" autocomplete="off">
        <div class="form-group marb20 {% if register_form.errors.email %}errorput{% endif %}">
            <label>邮&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;箱</label>
            <input  type="text" id="id_email" name="email" value="{{ register_form.email.value|default:"" }}" placeholder="请输入您的邮箱地址" />
        </div>
         <div class="form-group marb8 {% if register_form.errors.password %}errorput{% endif %}">
            <label>密&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;码</label>
            <input type="password" id="id_password" name="password" placeholder="请输入6-20位非中文字符密码" />
        </div>
        <div class="form-group marb8 captcha1 {% if register_form.errors.captcha %}errorput{% endif %}">
            <label>验&nbsp;证&nbsp;码</label>
            {{ register_form.captcha }}
        </div>
        <div class="error btns" id="jsEmailTips">
            {% for key,error in register_form.errors.items %}
                {{ error }}
            {% endfor %}
            {{ msg }}
        </div>
        <div class="auto-box marb8">
        </div>
        <input class="btn btn-green" id="jsEmailRegBtn" type="submit" value="注册并登录" />
    {% csrf_token %}
    </form>

刷新验证码

刷新验证码的功能是前端完成的

//刷新验证码
function refresh_captcha(event){
    $.get("/captcha/refresh/?"+Math.random(), function(result){
        $(‘#‘+event.data.form_id+‘ .captcha‘).attr("src",result.image_url);
        $(‘#id_captcha_0‘).attr("value",result.key);
    });
    return false;
}

---

发送邮件

这里使用新浪邮箱,首先注册一个新浪邮箱,开启SMTP服务


在apps目录下新建一个utils包,在这个包里面新建一个email_send.py文件

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2018/9/7 下午 08:24
# @Author  : gao
# @File    : email_send.py

from random import Random

from django.core.mail import send_mail

from MxOnline.settings import EMAIL_FROM
from users.models import EmailVerifyRecord


# 生成随机字符串
def random_str(random_length=8):
    str = ‘‘
    # 生成字符串的可选字符串
    chars = ‘AaBbCcDdEeFfGgHhIiJjKkLlMmNnOoPpQqRrSsTtUuVvWwXxYyZz0123456789‘
    length = len(chars) - 1
    random = Random()
    for i in range(random_length):
        str += chars[random.randint(0, length)]
    return str

# 发送注册邮件
def send_register_eamil(email, send_type="register"):
    # 发送之前先保存到数据库，到时候查询链接是否存在
    # 实例化一个EmailVerifyRecord对象
    email_record = EmailVerifyRecord()
    # 生成随机的code放入链接
    code = random_str(16)
    email_record.code = code
    email_record.email = email
    email_record.send_type = send_type

    email_record.save()

    # 定义邮件内容:
    email_title = ""
    email_body = ""

    if send_type == "register":
        email_title = "慕课在线 注册激活链接"
        email_body = "请点击下面的链接激活你的账号: http://127.0.0.1:8000/active/{0}".format(code)

        # 使用Django内置函数完成邮件发送。四个参数：主题，邮件内容，发件人邮箱地址，收件人（是一个字符串列表）
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        # 如果发送成功
        if send_status:
            pass

    if send_type == "forget":
        email_title = "慕课在线 找回密码链接"
        email_body = "请点击下面的链接找回你的密码: http://127.0.0.1:8000/reset/{0}".format(code)

        # 使用Django内置函数完成邮件发送。四个参数：主题，邮件内容，从哪里发，接受者list
        send_status = send_mail(email_title, email_body, EMAIL_FROM, [email])
        # 如果发送成功
        if send_status:
            pass

邮箱激活

# 激活用户的view
class ActiveUserView(View):
    def get(self, request, active_code):
        # 查询邮箱验证记录是否存在
        all_record = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code = active_code)
        # 如果不为空也就是有用户
        if all_record:
            for record in all_record:
                # 获取到对应的邮箱
                email = record.email
                # 查找到邮箱对应的user
                user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
                user.is_active = True
                user.save()
                # 激活成功跳转到登录页面
                return render(request, "login.html", )
        # 自己瞎输的验证码
        else:
            return render(request, "active_fail.html")

在templates目录下创建 active_fail.html,代码如下：

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <p style="color: red;">链接失效</p>
    </body>
    </html>

添加激活邮箱的路由

re_path(‘active/(?P<active_code>.*)/‘,ActiveUserView.as_view(),name=‘user_active‘),

忘记密码

点击忘记密码,跳转到忘记密码界面,输入邮箱和验证码后给该邮箱发送重置密码链接
邮箱收到链接后,点击链接跳转到重置密码界面,输入新密码点击提交,成功后跳转到登陆界面

路由设置

path(‘forget/‘,ForgetPwdView.as_view(),name=‘forget_pwd‘),

新建一个form

class ForgetPwdForm(forms.Form):
    ‘‘‘忘记密码‘‘‘
    email = forms.EmailField(required=True)
    captcha = CaptchaField(error_messages={‘invalid‘: ‘验证码错误‘})

逻辑代码

class ForgetPwdView(View):
    ‘‘‘找回密码‘‘‘
    def get(self,request):
        forget_form = ForgetPwdForm()
        return render(request,‘forgetpwd.html‘,{‘forget_form‘:forget_form})

    # post方法实现
    def post(self, request):
        forget_form = ForgetPwdForm(request.POST)
        # form验证合法情况下取出email
        if forget_form.is_valid():
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            # 发送找回密码邮件
            send_register_eamil(email, "forget")
            # 发送完毕返回登录页面并显示发送邮件成功。
            return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "重置密码邮件已发送,请注意查收"})
        # 如果表单验证失败也就是他验证码输错等。
        else:
            return render(request, "forgetpwd.html", {"forget_from": forget_form})

修改forgetpwd.html表单提交内容

    <form id="jsFindPwdForm" method="post" action="/forget/" autocomplete="off">

        <div class="form-group marb20 ">
            <label>帐&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;号</label>
            <input type="text" id="account" name="email" placeholder="邮箱" />
        </div>
        <div class="form-group captcha1 marb38">
            <label>验&nbsp;证&nbsp;码</label>
            {{ forget_form.captcha }}
        </div>
        <div class="error btns" id="jsForgetTips">
            {% for key,error in forget_from.errors.items %}
                {{ error }}
            {% endfor %}
            {{ msg }}
        </div>
        <input type="hidden" name="sms_type" value="1">
        <input class="btn btn-green" id="jsFindPwdBtn" type="submit" value="提交" />
        <p class="form-p" style="bottom:40px;">您还可以<a href="/login/"> [直接登录]</a></p>
        {% csrf_token %}
    </form>

密码重置

配置路由

re_path(‘reset/(?P<active_code>.*)/‘, ResetView.as_view(), name=‘reset_pwd‘),

逻辑代码

    # 重置密码的view
    class ResetView(View):
        def get(self, request, active_code):
            # 查询邮箱验证记录是否存在
            all_record = EmailVerifyRecord.objects.filter(code=active_code)
            # 如果不为空也就是有用户
            if all_record:
                for record in all_record:
                    # 获取到对应的邮箱
                    email = record.email
                    # 将email传回来
                    return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email":email})
            # 自己瞎输的验证码
            else:
                return render(
                    request, "forgetpwd.html", {
                        "msg": "您的重置密码链接无效,请重新请求"})

创建修改密码的form表单

# 重置密码form实现
class ModifyPwdForm(forms.Form):
    # 密码不能小于5位
    password1 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)
    # 密码不能小于5位
    password2 = forms.CharField(required=True, min_length=5)

配置路由

path(‘modify_pwd/‘, ModifyPwdView.as_view(), name=‘modify_pwd‘),

逻辑代码

 # 修改密码
class ModifyPwdView(View):
    def post(self, request):
        modiypwd_form = ModifyPwdForm(request.POST)
        if modiypwd_form.is_valid():
            pwd1 = request.POST.get("password1", "")
            pwd2 = request.POST.get("password2", "")
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            # 如果两次密码不相等，返回错误信息
            if pwd1 != pwd2:
                return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email": email, "msg": "密码不一致"})
            # 如果密码一致
            user = UserProfile.objects.get(email=email)
            # 加密成密文
            user.password = make_password(pwd2)
            # save保存到数据库
            user.save()
            return render(request, "login.html", {"msg": "密码修改成功，请登录"})
        # 验证失败说明密码位数不够。
        else:
            email = request.POST.get("email", "")
            return render(request, "password_reset.html", {"email": email, "modiypwd_form":modiypwd_form})

需要两个类是因为get请求和post请求参数不同
html文件根据以前的方法进行配置即可