Selenium 库的基本用法

Posted 2021-01-06 zll20153246

　　1.基本使用

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

brower = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    brower.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
    input = brower.find_element_by_id(‘kw‘)#查找id为kw的元素
    input.send_keys(‘Python‘)#向input文本框输入python
    input.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)#输入回车
    wait = WebDriverWait(brower,10)#等待浏览器加载
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,‘content_left‘)))#查找id为content——left的对象
    print(brower.current_url)#输出当前的url
    print(brower.get_cookies())#输出当前的cookies
    print(brower.page_source)#输出当前的网页源码
finally:
    brower.close()

　　2.声明浏览器对象

from selenium import webdriver

brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower = webdriver.Firefox()
brower = webdriver.Edge()
brower = webdriver.PhanromJS()
brower = webdriver.Safari()

　　3.访问页面

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://ww.taobao.com‘)
print(brower.page_source)
brower.colse()

　　4.查找元素

　　单个元素

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
input_first=browser.find_element_by_id(‘q‘)
input_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#q‘)
input_third = browser.find_element_by_xpath(‘//*[@id="q"]‘)
print(input_first,input_second,input_third)
browser.close()

结果：

<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="aafcd8308ef345a4014a0db417267640", element="0.8704970628206692-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="aafcd8308ef345a4014a0db417267640", element="0.8704970628206692-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="aafcd8308ef345a4014a0db417267640", element="0.8704970628206692-1")>

from selenium import webdriver from selenium.webdriver.common.by 
import By browser = webdriver.Chrome() 
browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘) 
input_first=browser.find_element(By.ID,‘q‘) 
print(input_first) browser.close()

结果：

<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="ad3663f850d6c3fd81751c5c8cf45511", element="0.6365953152365587-1")>

　　多个元素

from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
list=browser.find_elements_by_css_selector(‘.service-bd li‘)
print(list)
browser.close()


from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
list=browser.find_elements(By.CSS_SELECTOR,‘.service-bd li‘)
print(list)
browser.close()

　　5.元素交互操作

from selenium import webdriver
import time
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
input=browser.find_element_by_id(‘q‘)
input.send_keys(‘iPhone‘)
time.sleep(1)
input.clear()
input.send_keys(‘iPad‘)
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name(‘btn-search‘)
button.click()

　　6.交互动作

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
brower=webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable"
brower.get(url)
brower.switch_to.frame(‘iframeResult‘)
source=brower.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#draggable‘)
target=brower.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#droppable‘)
action=ActionChains(brower)
action.drag_and_drop(source,target)
action.perform()

　　7.执行javascript

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
brower.execute_script(‘window.scrollTo(0,document.body.scrollHeight)‘)
brower.execute_script(‘alert("To Bottom")‘)

　　8.获取属性

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘
brower.get(url)
logo = brower.find_element_by_id(‘zh-top-link-logo‘)
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute(‘class‘))

获取：

<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="5578b6070e5cd404d5636c6c15d1062e", element="0.2337143497044789-1")>
zu-top-link-logo

　　9.获取文本值

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘
brower.get(url)
input=brower.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
print(input.text)

结果：

提问

　　10.获取ID，位置，标签名，大小

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
url=‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘
brower.get(url)
input=brower.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
print(input.id)
print(input.location)
print(input.tag_name)
print(input.size)

结果：

0.5790966028649505-1
{‘x‘: 760, ‘y‘: 7}
button
{‘height‘: 32, ‘width‘: 66}

　　11.Frame

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
url="https://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable"
brower.get(url)
brower.switch_to.frame(‘iframeResult‘)
source=brower.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#draggable‘)
print(source)
try:
    logo=brower.find_element_by_class_name(‘logo‘)
except NoSuchElementException:
    print(‘No Logo‘)
brower.switch_to.parent_frame()
logo=brower.find_element_by_class_name(‘logo‘)
print(logo)
print(logo.text)


结果：
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="4515a548a628f32ec7ebb86b845cafbc", element="0.47138378750440957-1")>
No Logo
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="4515a548a628f32ec7ebb86b845cafbc", element="0.590628320406164-2")>
RUNOOB.COM

　　12.隐式等待

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
brower.implicitly_wait(10)
input=brower.find_element_by_class_name(‘zu-top-add-question‘)
print(input)

结果：
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="df8f8bebb2cf5356c12442f1bcc5c2f7", element="0.40275892523916035-1")>

　　13.显示等待

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
wait=WebDriverWait(brower,10)
input=wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,‘q‘)))
button=wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,‘.btn-search‘)))
print(input,button)

结果：
<selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="036c1bc8fad6ee8e9ee42266ce163be7", element="0.8588910449888032-1")> <selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement (session="036c1bc8fad6ee8e9ee42266ce163be7", element="0.8588910449888032-2")>

　　14.前进后退

from selenium import webdriver
import time
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
brower.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
brower.get(‘https://www.python.org‘)
brower.back()
time.sleep(1)
brower.forward()
brower.close()

　　15.Cookies

from selenium import webdriver
brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.zhihu.com/explore‘)
print(brower.get_cookies())
brower.add_cookie({‘name‘:‘name‘,‘domain‘:‘www.zhihu.com‘,‘value‘:‘germey‘})
print(brower.get_cookies())
brower.delete_all_cookies()
print(brower.get_cookies())

　　16.选项卡管理

import time
from selenium import webdriver

brower = webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
brower.execute_script(‘window.open()‘)
print(brower.window_handles)
brower.switch_to_window(brower.window_handles[1])
brower.get(‘https://www.taobao.com‘)
time.sleep(1)
brower.switch_to_window(brower.window_handles[0])
brower.get(‘https://www.python.org‘)

结果：

[‘CDwindow-4971CB8E7903DFAE9CBA82A6A5F05DB2‘, ‘CDwindow-652D8829B41E67E7F7E8C2E146F8C353‘]

　　17.异常处理

from selenium import webdriver
brower=webdriver.Chrome()
brower.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
brower.find_element_by_id(‘hello‘)

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException
brower=webdriver.Chrome()
try:
    brower.get(‘https://www.baidu.com‘)
except TimeoutException:
    print(‘Time Out‘)
try:
    brower.find_element_by_id(‘hello‘)
except NoSuchElementException:
    print(‘No Element‘)
finally:
    brower.close()

结果：
No Element