Linux系统之网卡子接口配置方法
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Linux系统之网卡子接口配置方法
一、本地系统环境检查
1.检查系统版本
[root@jeven ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2.检查系统内核版本
[root@jeven ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
3.检查本地IP地址
[root@jeven ~]# ifconfig |grep -C 5 ens33
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.3.166 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255
inet6 fe80::8a83:7297:7cb8:9934 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:3c:68 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1859420 bytes 2414510963 (2.2 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
二、网卡子接口介绍
1.网卡子接口简介
在日常的运维工作当中，我们有时候需要在一块物理网卡上配置多个IP地址，这就是网卡子接口的概念。
2.网卡子接口的优点
打破物理网卡接口数量的限制，可以在一个接口中实现多个VLAN间的路由和通信。
3.网卡子接口的缺点
由于是多个子接口共用主接口，会让子接口性能比单个物理接口差，在网络流量过大，网络繁忙，会造成通信及网络流量瓶颈。
三 加载802.1q 模块
1.查看系统802.1q 模块信息
查看系统802.1q 模块信息
[root@jeven ~]# modinfo 8021q
filename: /lib/modules/3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64/kernel/net/8021q/8021q.ko.xz
version: 1.8
license: GPL
alias: rtnl-link-vlan
retpoline: Y
rhelversion: 7.6
srcversion: 931E6349BAB0ACE4D4A3A50
depends: mrp,garp
intree: Y
vermagic: 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 SMP mod_unload modversions
signer: CentOS Linux kernel signing key
sig_key: B7:0D:CF:0D:F2:D9:B7:F2:91:59:24:82:49:FD:6F:E8:7B:78:14:27
sig_hashalgo: sha256
2.加载802.1q 模块
modprobe 8021q ### 加载模块
3.检查802.1q 模块加载状态
[root@jeven ~]# lsmod | grep 8021q
8021q 33208 0
garp 14384 1 8021q
mrp 18542 1 8021q
四、配置网卡子接口
1.设置静态IP地址
将物理网卡地址由DHCP获取，设置为静态IP地址。
- 进入网卡配置文件目录
[root@jeven ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@jeven network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions
ifcfg-ens33.bak ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global
- 修改物理网卡配置文件
[root@jeven network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
DEFROUTE=yes
IPADDR=192.168.3.166
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.3.254
DNS1=192.168.3.254
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=ens33
UUID=ba415981-963e-4130-984a-8dd764f4bb70
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
ZONE=public
- 重启网卡
[root@jeven network-scripts]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
[root@jeven network-scripts]#
2.创建ens33:0配置文件
将ifcfg-ens33配置文件拷贝并改名为ifcfg-ens33:0文件
[root@jeven network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions
ifcfg-ens33.bak ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless
ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global
[root@jeven network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-ens33:0
[root@jeven network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown ifdown-ippp ifdown-ppp ifdown-TeamPort ifup-bnep ifup-ipv6 ifup-post ifup-Team init.ipv6-global
ifcfg-ens33:0 ifdown-bnep ifdown-ipv6 ifdown-routes ifdown-tunnel ifup-eth ifup-isdn ifup-ppp ifup-TeamPort network-functions
ifcfg-ens33.bak ifdown-eth ifdown-isdn ifdown-sit ifup ifup-ib ifup-plip ifup-routes ifup-tunnel network-functions-ipv6
ifcfg-lo ifdown-ib ifdown-post ifdown-Team ifup-aliases ifup-ippp ifup-plusb ifup-sit ifup-wireless
[root@jeven network-scripts]#
3.修改ens33:0文件
修改ifcfg-ens33:0文件,内容如下：
[root@jeven network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33:0
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
IPADDR=192.168.3.33
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.3.254
DNS1=192.168.3.254
DEVICE=ens33:0
ONBOOT=yes
ZONE=public
4.重启网卡
[root@jeven network-scripts]# service network restart
Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]
5.查看子接口IP地址
查看子接口IP地址，可以看到网卡子接口配置已生效。
[root@jeven network-scripts]# ifconfig |grep ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
[root@jeven network-scripts]# ifconfig |grep -C 5 ens33
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.3.166 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255
inet6 fe80::8a83:7297:7cb8:9934 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:4f:3c:68 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1862362 bytes 2414734860 (2.2 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 850234 bytes 175051446 (166.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.3.33 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255
ether 00:0c:29:4f:3c:68 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
[root@jeven network-scripts]#
五、测试网卡子接口
在其他服务器ping网卡子接口的IP地址进行测试连通性。
[root@server001 ~]# ifconfig |grep ens33
[root@server001 ~]# ifconfig |grep eth0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
[root@server001 ~]# ifconfig |grep -C 5eth0
grep: 5eth0: invalid context length argument
[root@server001 ~]# ifconfig |grep -C5 eth0
RX packets 294460 bytes 34353514 (32.7 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 252317 bytes 47136565 (44.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.3.158 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255
inet6 fd58:bc95:d4fb:0:38ab:86a1:2ba0:f65d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
inet6 fe80::7b2d:77fb:1708:7edb prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:a7:02:31 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 3760871 bytes 600897760 (573.0 MiB)
[root@server001 ~]# ping 192.168.3.33 -c 12
PING 192.168.3.33 (192.168.3.33) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=108 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=2.91 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=2.64 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=2.72 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=2.94 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=2.93 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=2.85 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=2.91 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=2.86 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=10 ttl=64 time=3.20 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=11 ttl=64 time=3.12 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.3.33: icmp_seq=12 ttl=64 time=3.15 ms
--- 192.168.3.33 ping statistics ---
12 packets transmitted, 12 received, 0% packet loss, time 11016ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.647/11.756/108.788/29.256 ms
```
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