项目实战C++多文件写法轻松实现练手小游戏：贪吃蛇
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每天一个编程小项目，提升你的编程能力！ 这个是用C++语法和链表知识实现的哦！
游戏说明
这是一个传统的贪吃蛇游戏，基于链表实现
按键说明
方向控制：↑↓←→ 或者 Q(逆时针)，R(顺时针)
速度：按下 space 加速，‘[’ 减速，‘]’ 加速
食物：小键盘 + 增加食物，小键盘 - 减少食物
其他：非小键盘数字键 9、0 可以调整帧率，小键盘 * 可以切换贪吃蛇模式，F1 帮助，F11 截屏
状态栏说明
生命状态：贪吃蛇是否存活，由于没有设置死亡，所以只有存活和濒死两种状态
等级：每吃 10 个食物升一级
分数：每个食物 10 分
速度：默认速度 0 ，可以调节，最快 10，最慢 -10
长度：贪吃蛇的节数（包括头）
食物数量：界面中的食物个数，最大 99 ，可以手动调整
蛇体模式：贪吃蛇的模式，分为正常、穿墙和无敌（穿墙的基础上可以穿过自己）
效果展示
简单了解游戏后我们就来试试吧！（直接上源码，大家可以看注释）
GluSnake.h
#include <iostream>
#include <graphics.h>
//using namespace std;
#include <ctime>
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include "mmsystem.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"winmm.lib")
namespace gSnake
enum class position right, down, left, up ;
enum class Snake_condition survive, die, ate ;
;
using namespace gSnake;
//画布
#define Map_wide 800
#define Map_height 600
//单个绘制单元
#define Segment_wide 10
#define Segment_height 10
#define Segment_sum 100
//有效坐标地图
#define PatternElement_wide 80
#define PatternElement_height 60
#define PatternElement_sum (80 * 60)
struct Point //坐标点
int x;
int y;
;
/*
* 名称：蛇体
* 数据结构：双向链表
* 作用：用于存储蛇身体坐标信息
*/
class SnakeBody
struct _SnakeBody_Link //蛇身数据类型
Point bodyCoord; //身体坐标
_SnakeBody_Link* next = NULL; //指向下一节蛇身
_SnakeBody_Link* last = NULL; //指向上一节蛇身
;
struct SnakeBody_inf //蛇体信息
_SnakeBody_Link* head = NULL;
_SnakeBody_Link* end = NULL;
int len = 0;
;
//Point SnakeSiteBuff[PatternElement_sum];
public:
COLORREF SnakeColor[80 * 60];
int colorcur = Snake_Body.len;
public:
//创建蛇体并传入蛇头信息
bool Creat_SnakeBody(Point site);
//从头添加一节蛇体
bool Add_SnakeBody(Point site);
//从尾部删除一节蛇体
bool Del_SnakeBody();
//销毁整个蛇体
void destroy_SnakeBody();
//找到某节蛇体
Point Find_SnakeBody(int len);
~SnakeBody() destroy_SnakeBody();
public:
SnakeBody_inf Snake_Body; //创建蛇体信息
;
struct Food
Point fdxy; // 坐标
COLORREF color = RED; // 食物颜色
;
/*
* 食物
* 虚继承 蛇体
* 同时具有蛇体数据和食物数据
*/
class SnakeFood :virtual public SnakeBody
public:
void Food_init();
int Supple_Food();
public:
Food food[100] = 0 ;
int foodSum = 1;
;
class music
public:
void playmusicEat(int cmd)
switch (cmd)
case 0: PlaySound(MAKEINTRESOURCE(102), NULL, SND_ASYNC | SND_NODEFAULT | SND_RESOURCE); break;
case 1: PlaySound(MAKEINTRESOURCE(101), NULL, SND_ASYNC | SND_NODEFAULT | SND_RESOURCE); break;
void playmusicHit(int cmd)
switch (cmd)
case 0: PlaySound(MAKEINTRESOURCE(103), NULL, SND_ASYNC | SND_NODEFAULT | SND_RESOURCE); break;
;
/*
* 对象一条蛇
* 虚继承 食物，音效
* 具有蛇体数据，食物数据，蛇动作及状态
*/
class Snake : virtual public SnakeFood, virtual public music
public:
void Snake_Init()
Creat_SnakeBody( 6, 29 );
Add_SnakeBody( 7,29 );
Add_SnakeBody( 8,29 );
Food_init();
Supple_Food();
Snake_condition Smove(int mode) // 移动
Point head;
Sveer();
head = Find_SnakeBody(0);
switch (move_direction)
case position::right:
if (head.x + 1 >= PatternElement_wide)
if (mode == 0)return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::die; else head.x = 0;
else head.x++;
break;
case position::down:
if (head.y + 1 >= PatternElement_height)
if (mode == 0)return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::die; else head.y = 0;
else head.y++;
break;
case position::left:
if (head.x - 1 < 0)
if (mode == 0)return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::die; else head.x = PatternElement_wide - 1;
else head.x--;
break;
case position::up:
if (head.y - 1 < 0)
if (mode == 0)return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::die; else head.y = PatternElement_height - 1;
else head.y--;
break;
default:break;
if (mode != 2)
for (int i = 0; i < Snake_Body.len; i++)
if (head.x == Find_SnakeBody(i).x)if (head.y == Find_SnakeBody(i).y) return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::die;
//移动一格
Add_SnakeBody(head); //添加一节
for (int i = 0; i < foodSum; i++)if (head.x == food[i].fdxy.x && head.y == food[i].fdxy.y)
if (score / 10 % 10 == 9)playmusicEat(0); else playmusicEat(1);
food[i] = 0xff,0xff ; return Snake_condition::ate;
//无操作
Del_SnakeBody(); //删除一节
len = Snake_Body.len;
refreshSnakeinf();
return SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::survive;
void refreshSnakeinf()
len = Snake_Body.len;
score = 10 * (len - 3);
grade = (len - 3) / 10;
int Sveer()
int state = (int)move_direction - target_direction;
if ((state == 2) || (state == -2))return 1;
else move_direction = (position)target_direction;
return 0;
public:
int target_direction = 10;
Snake_condition SnakeCondition = Snake_condition::survive; // 状态
int len = 0; //长度
// position target_direction = position::right; //朝向
int Speed = 0; //速度
int score = 0; //分数
int grade = 0; //等级
int snakeBodyMod = 0;
private:
position move_direction = position::right; //朝向
;
/*
* 按键交互
* 虚继承 蛇
* 具有蛇体数据，食物数据，蛇动作及状态，控制器
*/
class Key :virtual public Snake
int remem = 0;
#define KEY_DOWN(VK_NONAME) (((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_NONAME)) ) ? 1:0)
public:
static const int keySum = 15; //指令数
struct _KEY
int reset = 0;
short keyState = 0;
;
_KEY key[keySum];
int help_sign = 0;
int max_fps = 120;
int keyDown()
key[0].keyState = KEY_DOWN(VK_RIGHT);
key[1].keyState = KEY_DOWN(VK_DOWN);
key[2].keyState = KEY_DOWN(VK_LEFT);
key[3].keyState = KEY_DOWN(VK_UP);
key[4].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x51);//q
key[5].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x45);//e
key[6].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x6B);//+
key[7].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x6D);//-
key[8].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x6A);//*
key[9].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0xDB);//[
key[10].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0xDD);//]
key[11].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x20);//space
key[12].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x70);//F11
key[13].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x30);//)
key[14].keyState = KEY_DOWN(0x39);//(
for (int i = 0; i < keySum; i++)
if (i < 4)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else if (key[i].reset == 1) target_direction = i; key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 4)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)target_direction > 0)target_direction = ((int)target_direction - 1);
else target_direction = 3;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 5)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)target_direction < 3)target_direction = ((int)target_direction + 1); else target_direction = 0;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 6)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)foodSum < 99)foodSum = ((int)foodSum + 1); else foodSum = 0;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 7)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)foodSum > 0)foodSum = ((int)foodSum - 1); else foodSum = 99;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 8)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)snakeBodyMod < 2)snakeBodyMod = ((int)snakeBodyMod + 1); else snakeBodyMod = 0;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 9)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)Speed < 10)Speed = ((int)Speed + 1); else Speed = 0;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 10)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if ((int)Speed > -10)Speed = ((int)Speed - 1); else Speed = 0;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 11)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)
if (key[i].reset == 0) Speed = remem;
key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
remem = Speed;
Speed = 10;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 12)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)
help_sign = 0;
else
help_sign = 1;
if (i == 13)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)
//if (key[i].reset == 0);
key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if (max_fps < 500)max_fps++; else max_fps = 10;
key[i].reset = 0;
if (i == 14)
if (key[i].keyState == 0)
if (key[i].reset == 0) Speed = remem;
key[i].reset = 1;
else
if (key[i].reset == 1)
if (max_fps > 10)max_fps--; else max_fps = 500;
key[i].reset = 0;
return 0;
;
/*
* 帧检测
* 通过GetTickCount()的调用时间差
*/
class FPS
public:
int Get_Fps()
DWORD _TimeMs = GetTickCount();
if (_TimeMs - timePoint > 1000)
fps = count;
timePoint = _TimeMs;
count = 0;
else
count++;
return fps;
int fps = 0;
int count = 0;
DWORD timePoint = GetTickCount();
;
/*
* 图像内容绘制
* 虚继承 按键交互
* 具有蛇体数据，食物数据，蛇动作及状态，控制器，图像内容绘制
*/
class Draw : virtual public Key, virtual public FPS
public:
void drawSnake();
void drawFood(int kep);
wchar_t* trstring2wchar(char* str)
int mystringsize = (int)(strlen(str) + 1);
WCHAR* wchart = new wchar_t[mystringsize];
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str, -1, wchart, mystringsize);
return wchart;
WCHAR* numtostr(int num, WCHAR* wbuf)
//WCHAR* buf = new wchar_t[100];
char buf[100];
_itoa_s(num, buf, 50, 10);
int mystringsize = (int)(strlen(buf) + 1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, buf, -1, wbuf, mystringsize);
return wbuf;
#define _Site(x) (x*16)
void help(int x, int y)
int hang = 0;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("按键说明：----------------------------------"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("--方向控制：↑↓←→ 或者 Q(逆时针)，R(顺时针)-"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("--速度：按下space加速，‘[’ 减速，‘]’加速 -"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("--食物：小键盘+ 增加食物，小键盘- 减少食物 -"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("--其他要素请自行探索!😉 -"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("--------------------------------------------"));
hang++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("[Version: 1.0 -----by RorySpt in 2020/7/28]"));
void drawtext(Point site)
int x = site.x;
int y = site.y;
int hang = 0;
WCHAR buf[100] = 0 ;
//outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("贪吃蛇：Snake0"));
hang = 0;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("生命状态："));
if (SnakeCondition == Snake_condition::survive) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("存活"));
if (SnakeCondition == Snake_condition::die) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("濒死"));
if (SnakeCondition == Snake_condition::ate) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("吃了"));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("等级："));
outtextxy(_Site(x + 3), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(grade, buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("分数："));
outtextxy(_Site(x + 3), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(score, buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("速度："));
outtextxy(_Site(x + 3), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(Speed, buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("长度："));
outtextxy(_Site(x + 3), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(len, buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("食物数量："));
outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(foodSum, buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("蛇体模式："));
if (snakeBodyMod == 0) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("正常"));
if (snakeBodyMod == 1) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("穿墙"));
if (snakeBodyMod == 2) outtextxy(_Site(x + 5), _Site(y + hang), _T("无敌"));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("FPS："));
outtextxy((int)_Site(x + 2.5), _Site(y + hang), numtostr(Get_Fps(), buf));
hang ++;
outtextxy(_Site(x), _Site(y + hang), _T("说明：（F1）"));
if (help_sign == 1)
help(10, 2);
;
/*
* 贪吃蛇游戏
* 具有蛇体数据，食物数据，蛇动作及状态，控制器，图像内容绘制，图形初始化
*
*/
class GluSnakeGame :virtual public Draw
GluSnakeGame() drawInit(); ;
public:
static GluSnakeGame* gethInstance()
static GluSnakeGame Instance;
return &Instance;
int drawInit()
initgraph(Map_wide, Map_height);
setbkcolor(RGB(95, 183, 72));
setlinecolor(0xf4d690);
settextcolor(0x0);
settextstyle(16, 0, _T("Consolas"));
srand((unsigned)time(NULL));
//settextcolor(BLUE);
setbkmode(TRANSPARENT); // 设置文字输出模式为透明
return 0;
;
/*
* 帧控制器
*/
class FRACTRL
WCHAR* numtostr(int num)
//WCHAR* buf = new wchar_t[100];
char buf[100];
static WCHAR wbuf[100];
_itoa_s(num, buf, 50, 10);
int mystringsize = (int)(strlen(buf) + 1);
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, buf, -1, wbuf, mystringsize);
return wbuf;
LARGE_INTEGER QueryCounter()
LARGE_INTEGER count;
QueryPerformanceCounter(&count);
return count;
LARGE_INTEGER QueryFrequency()
LARGE_INTEGER count;
QueryPerformanceFrequency(&count);
return count;
FRACTRL() ;
public:
static FRACTRL* gethInstance()
return &farctrl;
int triggerIndicator(int targetFps)
LARGE_INTEGER nowTime = QueryCounter();
if ((nowTime.QuadPart - timePoint.QuadPart) * 1.0 >= (tc.QuadPart / targetFps))
timePoint = nowTime;
return 1;
else return 0;
void timeController(int targetFps)
while (!triggerIndicator(targetFps))Sleep(0);
void DrawQuery(int x, int y)
outtextxy(x, y, _T("QueryFrequency:"));
outtextxy(x + 8 * 15, y, numtostr((int)QueryFrequency().QuadPart));
public:
LARGE_INTEGER timePoint = QueryCounter();
LARGE_INTEGER tc = QueryFrequency();
static FRACTRL farctrl;
;
resource.h
//NO_DEPENDENCIES
// Microsoft Visual C++ 生成的包含文件。
// 供 贪吃蛇.rc 使用
//
#define IDR_WAVE1 101
#define IDR_WAVE2 102
#define IDR_WAVE3 103
#define IDR_WAVE4 104
// Next default values for new objects
//
#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 105
#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 40001
#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1001
#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 101
#endif
#endif
GluSnake.cpp（链表部分）
#include "GluSnake.h"
FRACTRL FRACTRL::farctrl;
bool SnakeBody::Creat_SnakeBody(Point site)//创建蛇体并传入蛇头坐标
if(Snake_Body.head!=NULL)destroy_SnakeBody();
Snake_Body.head = (_SnakeBody_Link*)malloc(sizeof(_SnakeBody_Link)); //创建一个蛇体单元,定为蛇头;
if (Snake_Body.head == NULL)
exit(-1);
Snake_Body.end = Snake_Body.head; //蛇尾暂时与蛇头重合
SnakeColor[Snake_Body.len++] = RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256);
//Snake_Body.len = 1;
Snake_Body.head->bodyCoord = site;
Snake_Body.end->bodyCoord = site;
return true;
bool SnakeBody::Add_SnakeBody(Point site)//从头添加一节蛇体
_SnakeBody_Link* newBody = (_SnakeBody_Link*)malloc(sizeof(_SnakeBody_Link));
if (newBody == NULL)
exit(-1);
newBody->bodyCoord = site; //为新蛇身坐标赋值
newBody->next = Snake_Body.head;//新的蛇体作为蛇头
newBody->last = NULL;
Snake_Body.head->last = newBody;
Snake_Body.head = newBody;
SnakeColor[Snake_Body.len++] = RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256); //蛇身长度加1
return 0;
bool SnakeBody::Del_SnakeBody()//从尾部删除一节蛇体
if (Snake_Body.len < 1)return Snake_Body.len;
Snake_Body.end = Snake_Body.end->last;
free(Snake_Body.end->next);
Snake_Body.len--;
return Snake_Body.len;
void SnakeBody::destroy_SnakeBody()//销毁整个蛇体
while (Del_SnakeBody() != 0);
Point SnakeBody::Find_SnakeBody(int len) //找到某节蛇体
if (len > Snake_Body.len)return -1,-1 ;
_SnakeBody_Link* cur = Snake_Body.head;
while (len--)cur = cur->next;
return cur->bodyCoord;
void SnakeFood::Food_init()
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)food[i] = 0xff,0xff ;
int SnakeFood::Supple_Food()
Point temp, newFood;
for (int i = 0; i < foodSum; i++)
if (food[i].fdxy.x == 0xff && food[i].fdxy.y == 0xff)
newFood.x = rand() % PatternElement_wide;
newFood.y = rand() % PatternElement_height;
for (int i = 0; i < Snake_Body.len; i++)
temp = Find_SnakeBody(i);
if (temp.x == newFood.x && temp.y == newFood.y)
newFood.x = rand() % PatternElement_wide;
newFood.y = rand() % PatternElement_height;
i = 0;
food[i].fdxy = newFood;
return 0;
void Draw::drawSnake()
Point temp;
COLORREF SNAKE_COLAR = GREEN;
for (int i = 0; i < Snake_Body.len; i++)
temp = Find_SnakeBody(i);
temp.x *= 10;
temp.y *= 10;
setfillcolor(SnakeColor[i]);
fillrectangle(temp.x, temp.y, temp.x + 10, temp.y + 10);
void Draw::drawFood(int kep)
Point temp;
for (int i = 0; i <= foodSum - 1; i++)
temp = food[i].fdxy;
temp.x *= 10;
temp.y *= 10;
if (kep == 1)food[i].color = RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256);
setfillcolor(food[i].color); // 每次重新赋予食物一个随机的颜色
fillrectangle(temp.x, temp.y, temp.x + 10, temp.y + 10);
SnakeGame.cpp
// 程序名称：贪吃蛇
#include "GluSnake.h"
#include "io.h"
int main()
//Draw Snake0;
GluSnakeGame* GluSnake = GluSnakeGame::gethInstance();
FRACTRL* pFraCtrl = FRACTRL::gethInstance();
//FPS FpsDetector;
//drawInit();
GluSnake->Snake_Init();
GluSnake->drawSnake();
GluSnake->drawFood(1);
int movecout = 0;
int drawcout = 0;
int sign = 0;
GluSnake->max_fps = 60;
// 开启批量绘图，作用是避免闪烁
BeginBatchDraw();
while (1)
//Sleep(2);
drawcout++;
GluSnake->keyDown();
//速度控制
if (movecout++ >= (10 - GluSnake->Speed))
GluSnake->Smove(GluSnake->snakeBodyMod); movecout = 0;
//存活控制
if (GluSnake->SnakeCondition == Snake_condition::survive || GluSnake->SnakeCondition == Snake_condition::ate)sign = 1;
else if (sign == 1)
GluSnake->playmusicHit(0); sign = 0;
//生成食物
GluSnake->Supple_Food();
//if(drawcout++>5)Snake0.SnakeColor[0] = RGB(rand() % 256, rand() % 256, rand() % 256);
//绘制
cleardevice();
GluSnake->drawSnake();
GluSnake->drawFood(((drawcout % 10) == 0));
GluSnake->drawtext( 0,0 );
FlushBatchDraw();
static SHORT bPicture = 0;
static int png_count = 0;
if (!bPicture&&(bPicture = ((GetAsyncKeyState(0x7A))) ? 1 : 0))
wchar_t buf[100];
_wfinddata_t file;
do
swprintf_s(buf, L"截图%d.png", png_count++);
while (_wfindfirst(buf, &file)!=-1);
saveimage(buf);
else
bPicture = ((GetAsyncKeyState(0x7A))) ? 1 : 0;
//帧控制
pFraCtrl->timeController(GluSnake->max_fps);
EndBatchDraw();
return 0;
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