httpd/apache编译安装配置详解

Posted 2021-01-02

http 介绍
httpd是Apache超文本传输协议(HTTP)服务器的主程序。被设计为一个独立运行的后台进程，它会建立一个处理请求的子进程或线程的池。

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httpd 特性

1. 高度模块化：Core+Modules
2. DSO：Dynamic Shared Ojbect动态加/卸载
3. MPM：Multi-processing Module多路处理模块
4. 虚拟主机：IP，Port，FQDN
5. CGI：通用网关接口
6. 反向代理(和正向代理的区别：正向代理距离客户端近，加速客户端的访问速度；反向代理距离服务器近，可以做调度，把client的请求转发到websrv集群中的某一个client<--->proxy(cache)<--->reverse proxy<--->websrv1,websrv2,sebsrnv)
7. 负载均衡
8. 路径别名
9. 双向认证
10. 支持第三方模块

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httpd常用的配置
在httpd中实现虚拟主机

所谓的虚拟主机是指在通过在配置文件中提供不同的配置，从而可以实现在同一台物理服务器上提供多个站点的访问路径，实现方式有三种，分别是：

IP地址相同，监听的端口不同，通过不同的端口号来访问
IP地址不同，端口可以相同，通过不同的IP来访问
主机名不同，端口号和IP地址可以相同，通过不同的主机名称来访问。
使用虚拟主机的前提是关闭中心主机功能，即将主配置文件中的DocumentRoot这一指令注释。

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Apache服务器默认在80端口监听
一台机器可以有1到65535号端口，一个端口代表2个字节

Netstat -an 该命令用来查询本机器有哪些端口正在被监听

Netstat -anb 该命令用来查询本机器有哪些端口正在被监听及其对应的应用程序
端口中的1-1024号叫做有名端口，这些端口一般不要用，他们已经分配好了

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Apache如何配置端口:
Apache软件的端口是在httpd.conf文件中配置的，该文件在Apache目录下的conf文件下。在该文件中可以修改端口，修改后重新启动Apache，就生效。

控制访问法则

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法则	功能
Require all granted	允许所有主机访问
Require all deny	拒绝所有主机访问
Require ip IPADDR	授权指定来源地址的主机访问
Require not ip IPADDR	拒绝指定来源地址的主机访问
Require host HOSTNAME	授权指定来源主机名的主机访问
Require not host HOSTNAME	拒绝指定来源主机名的主机访问
Require not ip	拒绝指定ip主机访问

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httpd编译安装
实验环境说明：

主机名	IP
[[email protected] ~]	192.168.47.12.24

准备环境，将防火墙和selinux

[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
[[email protected] ~]#  systemctl stop firewalld

安装开发环境

[[email protected] ~]# yum groupinstall "Development Tools" 

创建apache组和用户apache

[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r apache
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
[[email protected] ~]# id apache
uid=1000(apache) gid=996(apache) 组=996(apache)

安装相关的软件包

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool

·下载并安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install wget
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

解压下载安装apr-1.4和apr-util-1.4+的压缩包

[[email protected] ~]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  apr-1.6.3  apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2  apr-util-1.6.1  apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2

进入apr-1.6.3将修改configure配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# cd apr-1.6.3/
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
cfgfile=${ofile}T
    trap "$RM "$cfgfile"; exit 1" 1 2 15
    #$RM "$cfgfile"      //将此行加入注释，或者删除此行

编译安装

[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install

编译安装httpd

[[email protected] ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34/
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.34]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache > --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 > --enable-so > --enable-ssl > --enable-cgi > --enable-rewrite > --with-zlib > --with-pcre > --with-apr=/usr/local/apr > --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ > --enable-modules=most > --enable-mpms-shared=all > --with-mpm=prefork

当相同IP不同端口时

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//找到ServerName www.example.com:80 取消#号注释

//找到Listen 80  在下面添加不同端口 Listen 81
//在最后面添加下面如下内容
<VirtualHost 192.168.47.12:80>
   DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan"
   ErrorLog "logs/yan/error_log"
   CustomLog "logs/yan/access_log" combined
   <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan">
        <RequireAll>
        Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.47.12:81>
   DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl"
   ErrorLog "logs/yyl/error_log"
   CustomLog "logs/yyl/access_log" combined
   <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl">
        <RequireAll>
        Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# tail -25 /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/logs/        //建立与httpd主配置文件相同路径的目录

[[email protected] logs]# mkdir yan
[[email protected] logs]# mkdir yyl
[[email protected] logs]# cd /usr/local/apache/htdocs/      //在网站存放目录下 也创建与之相同的目录

[[email protected] htdocs]# mkdir yan
[[email protected] htdocs]# mkdir yyl
[[email protected] htdocs]#  chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//给网站存放的目录更改属主属组为apache
[[email protected] htdocs]# echo ‘hello yan‘ > yan/index.html
[[email protected] htdocs]# echo ‘hello yyl‘ > yyl/index.html
[[email protected]nyinglai3 htdocs]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl start
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl -t

客户端验证

不同IP相同端口

[[email protected] bin]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.47.12:80>
   DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan" 
   ErrorLog "logs/yan/error_log"
   CustomLog "logs/yan/access_log" combined
   <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan">
        <RequireAll>
        Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.47.13:80>  
   DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl"
   ErrorLog "logs/yyl/error_log"
   CustomLog "logs/yyl/access_log" combined
   <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl">
        <RequireAll>
        Require all granted
        </RequireAll>
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] bin]# ip addr add 192.168.47.13/24 dev ens32
建立与编辑文件对应的临时ip
[[email protected] ~]# pkill  httpd
[[email protected] ~]#  /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd (pid 62137) already running
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl -t
Syntax OK

客户端检测

.相同IP相同端口不同域名
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.47.12:80>
ServerName www.yanyinglai.com:80
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan"
ErrorLog "logs/yan/error_log"
CustomLog "logs/yan/access_log" combined
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yan">
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.47.12:80>
ServerName www.yyl.com:80
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl"
ErrorLog "logs/yyl/error_log"
CustomLog "logs/yyl/access_log" combined
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yyl">
<RequireAll>
Require all granted
</RequireAll>
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

[email protected] ~]# pkill httpd
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/apache/bin/
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd (pid 62137) already running
[[email protected] bin]# ./apachectl -t
Syntax OK

客户端检测
在windows电脑上修改， C:WindowsSystem32driversetc 文件