初探装饰器模式

Posted 2021-01-02 yzdtofly

装饰器模式：动态地将责任附加到对象上，允许用户向现有对象添加新功能而不改变其结构。若要扩展功能，装饰器提供了比继承更有弹性的替代方案。

场景：假如有这样一个抽象装备类

package pattern.decorator;

public abstract class Equipment {
    int power;//战斗力
    String desc = "";//介绍

    public String getDesc(){
        return desc;
    }

    //获取战斗力
    public abstract int getPower();
}

然后实现一个武器类继承上面的装备类

package pattern.decorator;

public class Weapon extends Equipment {

    public Weapon(){
        desc = "屠龙宝刀";
        power = 1000000;
    }

    @Override
    public int getPower() {
        return power;
    }
}

一段时间后，装备增加了进阶，时装，强化等功能，这些功能都可以提升战斗力，现在希望计算提升后的战斗力。

先不管其他方法是怎么实现这个需求的，让我们来看看装饰器模式是怎么设计的，并且不会改变上面的Weapon类。

 

首先，设计一个装备的装饰器抽象类

package pattern.decorator;

public abstract class Decorator extends Equipment {
    //显示都装饰了什么
    public abstract String getDesc();
}

然后实现强化，进阶，时装的装饰类

强化（强化一次战力提升1000）：

package pattern.decorator;

public class StrengthDecorator extends Decorator {

    Equipment equipment;//需要被装饰的装备
    int strength = 0;//强化了多少

    public StrengthDecorator(Equipment equipment,int strength){
        this.equipment = equipment;
        this.strength = strength;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return "强化了"+strength+"次"+","+equipment.getDesc();
    }

    @Override
    public int getPower() {
        return equipment.getPower() + 1000*strength;
    }
}

进阶（进阶一次战力提升2000）：

package pattern.decorator;

public class AdvanceDecorator extends Decorator {

    Equipment equipment;//需要被装饰的装备
    int advance = 0;//进阶了多少

    public AdvanceDecorator(Equipment equipment, int advance){
        this.equipment = equipment;
        this.advance = advance;
    }

    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return "进阶了"+advance+"次"+","+equipment.getDesc();
    }

    @Override
    public int getPower() {
        return equipment.getPower() + 2000*advance;
    }
}

时装（根据不同的时装提升战力）：

package pattern.decorator;

public class FactionDecorator extends Decorator {

    Equipment equipment;//需要被装饰的装备
    String faction = "";//进阶了多少
    int add = 0;

    public FactionDecorator(Equipment equipment, int faction){
        this.equipment = equipment;
        if(faction==1){
            this.faction = "春节时装";
            add = 5000;
        }else{
            this.faction = "普通时装";
            add = 2500;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getDesc() {
        return faction+","+equipment.getDesc();
    }

    @Override
    public int getPower() {
        return equipment.getPower() + add;
    }
}

最后实现个测试类看看装饰器模式是怎么运作的

package pattern.decorator;

public class ShowController {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Equipment weapon = new Weapon();
        System.out.println(weapon.getDesc()+",战力:"+weapon.getPower());
        weapon = new AdvanceDecorator(weapon,10);
        System.out.println(weapon.getDesc()+",战力:"+weapon.getPower());
        weapon = new FactionDecorator(weapon,1);
        System.out.println(weapon.getDesc()+",战力:"+weapon.getPower());
        weapon = new StrengthDecorator(weapon,15);
        System.out.println(weapon.getDesc()+",战力:"+weapon.getPower());
    }
}

运行结果：

屠龙宝刀,战力:1000000
进阶了10次,屠龙宝刀,战力:1020000
春节时装,进阶了10次,屠龙宝刀,战力:1025000
强化了15次,春节时装,进阶了10次,屠龙宝刀,战力:1040000