不定代词someany以及someanyno与-one-body-thing的复合词

Posted 2021-01-01 baird

本文摘自复旦大学出版社《中学英语语法(高中第二版)》，作者魏孟勋

1、some,someone,somebody,something一般用于肯定句。例如：
Some said yes, and some said no. I didn’t know whom to believe.
I saw somebody upstairs, but I couldn’t see him clearly.
He whispered something in my ear, and I couldn’t help laughing.

2、any,anyone,anybody,anything一般用于否定句和疑问句。例如：
We need some paper. Have you got any?
Is there anyone here who knows Russian?
I didn’t find anything that really interested me in the book.

如果在疑问句中期望得到肯定的答复，也可以用some。例如：
I want a glass of beer. Would you like to haves some?
You must be lonely. Why not talk with someone?
I bet you are hungry. Don’t you want something to eat?

any用于肯定句时表示“任何…”。例如：
Anyone here knows a lot about football players.
He likes to ask questions about anything he doesn’t know.

下列情况通常用any。
a)句中含有表示否定意义的副词 hardly(几乎不), scarcely(几乎不), seldom, rarely, never等。例如：
The man rarely writes to any of his friends.
Hardly anybody here has ever traveled abroad.

b)某些表示否定意义的结构。例如：
His theory is too advanced for any of us to understand.他的理论太深，我们几乎没人能听懂。
Neither he nor I show any interest in chemistry.

c)在条件从句和whether或if引导的宾语从句中。例如：
Go over your paper for mistakes. If there are any, underline them.
He asked me whether I had any trouble in learning maths.

3、no one, nobody, nothing用于句中表示否定意义。例如：
I knew nothing about their quarrel until they went to court.
Nobody has ever taken a photo of an ape(猿) in a wild state.