Linux运维之CentOS 7 升级内核版本

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系统环境:

  • 系统版本:CentOS 7.9
  • 前内核版本:3.10.0-1160
  • 升级后的内核版本:5.4.171-1
$ uname -rs
Linux 3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64

安装 ELRepo 最新版本

载入公钥并安装 ELRepo 最新版本:

## 载入公钥
$ rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org

## 安装 ELRepo 最新版本
$ yum install -y https://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 8.6 kB  00:00:00     
Examining /var/tmp/yum-root-5iUPAM/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm: elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch
Marking /var/tmp/yum-root-5iUPAM/elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch.rpm to be installed
Resolving Dependencies
There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don't work you'll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help).
--> Running transaction check
---> Package elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
base/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                | 3.5 kB  00:00:00     
docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |  70 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/updateinfo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 1.0 MB  00:00:00     
epel/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 7.0 MB  00:00:01     
extras/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
packages-microsoft-com-prod                                                                                                                                                                                                                            | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
packages-microsoft-com-prod/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 505 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
updates/7/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                            |  13 MB  00:00:02     

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                       Arch                                                  Version                                                         Repository                                                                          Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 elrepo-release                                                noarch                                                7.0-5.el7.elrepo                                                /elrepo-release-7.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                5.0 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total size: 5.0 k
Installed size: 5.0 k
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/1 
  Verifying  : elrepo-release-7.0-5.el7.elrepo.noarch                                                                                                                                                                                                                     1/1 

Installed:
  elrepo-release.noarch 0:7.0-5.el7.elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Complete!

安装新的内核版本

查询出可以使用的 kernel 包版本:

$ yum list available --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Determining fastest mirrors
 * elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
elrepo-kernel                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
elrepo-kernel/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                               | 2.0 MB  00:00:01     
Available Packages
kernel-lt.x86_64                                                                                                                       5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-devel.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-doc.noarch                                                                                                                   5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-headers.x86_64                                                                                                               5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs.x86_64                                                                                                            5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-lt-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                                                                      5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                      elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml.x86_64                                                                                                                       5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-devel.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-doc.noarch                                                                                                                   5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-headers.x86_64                                                                                                               5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools.x86_64                                                                                                                 5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs.x86_64                                                                                                            5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
kernel-ml-tools-libs-devel.x86_64                                                                                                      5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
perf.x86_64                                                                                                                            5.16.0-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                       elrepo-kernel
python-perf.x86_64    

lt表示长期维护版,ml表示最新稳定版。

安装指定的 kernel 版本:

$ yum install -y kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * elrepo-kernel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 | 3.0 kB  00:00:00     
elrepo/primary_db                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      | 545 kB  00:00:00     
Resolving Dependencies
There are unfinished transactions remaining. You might consider running yum-complete-transaction, or "yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only" and "yum history redo last", first to finish them. If those don't work you'll have to try removing/installing packages by hand (maybe package-cleanup can help).
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-lt.x86_64 0:5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                       Arch                                                       Version                                                                     Repository                                                         Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 kernel-lt                                                     x86_64                                                     5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                        elrepo-kernel                                                      50 M

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 50 M
Installed size: 228 M
Downloading packages:
kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                              |  50 MB  00:00:08     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/1 
  Verifying  : kernel-lt-5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/1 

Installed:
  kernel-lt.x86_64 0:5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

Complete!

这里我选择安装5.4的版本。

设置开启系统启动时使用的内核版本:

## 查看系统可用内核
$ cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg | grep menuentry
if [ x"$feature_menuentry_id" = xy ]; then
  menuentry_id_option="--id"
  menuentry_id_option=""
export menuentry_id_option
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 Rescue d7566b7634d99969d46b74186b897f86 (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1160.45.1.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux 7 Rescue d4387c178451a59914edf1c69e6972e6 (3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-1127.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 
menuentry 'CentOS Linux (0-rescue-4314bdb98c294da598ef91c169d55769) 7 (Core)' --class centos --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os --unrestricted $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-0-rescue-4314bdb98c294da598ef91c169d55769-advanced-0bb4bfa4-b315-43ca-a789-2b43e726c10c' 

## 设置开机从新内核启动
$ grub2-set-default "CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)"

## 查看内核启动项
$ grub2-editenv list
saved_entry=CentOS Linux (5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64) 7 (Core)

重启系统并观察内核版本

## 重启系统
$ reboot

## 启动完成查看内核版本是否更新:
$ uname -rs
Linux 5.4.171-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64

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