LNMP架构搭建详细部署
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LNMP简介
LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下nginx+mysql+php这种网站服务器架构。
Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称，是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有：debian、centos、ubuntu、fedora、gentoo等。
Nginx是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP代理服务器。
Mysql是一个小型关系型数据库管理系统。
PHP是一种在服务器端执行的嵌入html文档的脚本语言。
这四种软件均为免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。
| IP | 系统 | 需要安装的程序 |
|---|---|---|
| 192.168.47.12 | centos7 | NGINX MYSQL PHP |
环境准备
关闭防火墙以SELINUX
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s/(SELINUX=).*/1disabled/g‘ /etc/selinux/config
[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
1.安装nginx
创建系统用户
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r nginx
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx
配置yum源
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
安装依赖环境
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y groups install ‘Development Tools‘
创建日志存放目录
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx
下载nginx
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]#[[email protected] src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# ls
debug kernels nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
编译安装
[[email protected] src]# tar xf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
[[email protected] src]# cd nginx-1.14.0
[[email protected] nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure > --prefix=/usr/local/nginx > --user=nginx > --group=nginx > --with-debug > --with-http_ssl_module > --with-http_realip_module > --with-http_image_filter_module > --with-http_gunzip_module > --with-http_gzip_static_module > --with-http_stub_status_module > --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log > --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log
[[email protected] nginx-1.14.0]# make -j $(grep ‘processor‘ /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install
配置变量环境
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[[email protected] ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
启动nginx
[[email protected] ~]# nginx
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
2. 安装mysql
安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
创建用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]#wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
解压软件至/usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.14.0
[[email protected] src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# ls /usr/local/
bin games lib libexec nginx share
etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin src
[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[[email protected] local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 8月 25 19:06 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 8月 25 19:04 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 8月 25 18:35 nginx
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 7月 30 17:17 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 src
修改目录/usr/locaal/mysql的属主属组
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 8月 25 19:06 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
添加环境变量
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] ~]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/nginx/sbin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
建立数据存放目录
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[[email protected] mysql]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月 25 19:12 data
初始化数据库
[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
//这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是#Ysf:iDUu37J
配置mysql
[[email protected] ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[[email protected] ~]# ldconfig -v
生成配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
配置服务启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(basedir=).*#1/usr/local/mysql#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(datadir=).*#1/opt/data#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
启动mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/opt/data/yanyinglai3.err‘.
. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 47944 1 0 19:31 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 48122 47944 1 19:31 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yanyinglai3.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 48154 1705 0 19:32 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysq
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
修改密码
使用临时密码修改
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.22
mysql> set password = password(‘123456‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
3 安装php
安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel
下载php
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src
[[email protected] src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
编译安装php
[[email protected] src]# ls
debug mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz
kernels nginx-1.14.0 php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[[email protected] src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[[email protected] src]# cd php-7.2.8
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 > --with-curl > --with-freetype-dir > --with-gd > --with-gettext > --with-iconv-dir > --with-kerberos > --with-libdir=lib64 > --with-libxml-dir=/usr > --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config > --with-openssl > --with-pcre-regex > --with-pdo-mysql > --with-pdo-sqlite > --with-pear > --with-jpeg-dir > --with-png-dir > --with-xmlrpc > --with-xsl > --with-zlib > --with-config-file-path=/etc > --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d > --with-bz2 > --enable-fpm > --enable-bcmath > --enable-libxml > --enable-inline-optimization > --enable-mbregex > --enable-mbstring > --enable-opcache > --enable-pcntl > --enable-shmop > --enable-soap > --enable-sockets > --enable-sysvsem > --enable-xml > --enable-zip
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# make install
安装后配置
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[[email protected] ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Aug 25 2018 20:34:32) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
配置php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）
配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值:
[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时50个进程提供50个并发服务
pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程
pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数
pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
[[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it‘s been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
启动php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep php
root 69346 1 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 69347 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69348 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69349 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69350 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 69351 69346 0 21:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 69354 1705 0 21:03 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
4.配置nginx
编辑nginx配置文件/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，主要修改nginx的server {}配置块中的内容，修改location块，追加index.php让nginx服务器默认支持index.php为首页：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm//在此处添加 index.php;
}
然后配置.php请求被传送到后端的php-fpm模块，默认情况下php配置块是被注释的，此时去掉注释并修改为以下内容：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
location ~ .php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
//搜索找到.php$ 在{}里面添加以上内容
这里面很多都是默认的，root是配置php程序放置的根目录，主要修改的就是fastcgi_param中的/scripts为$document_root
测试PHP程序
在nginx下的html目录下创建test.php文件并打印配置php
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/
[[email protected] nginx]# ls
client_body_temp fastcgi_temp logs sbin uwsgi_temp
conf html proxy_temp scgi_temp
[[email protected] nginx]# cd html/
[[email protected] html]# touch test.php
[[email protected] html]# cat > test.php << EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
验证
打开浏览器输入 192.168.47.12/test.php进行访问，看到输出页面，说明nginx和php都配置成功了 
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