lamp架构
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- lamp简介
lamp （Web应用软件组合）
Linux+Apache+mysql/MariaDB+Perl/php/Python一组常用来搭建动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
web服务器工作流程
web服务器的资源分为两种，静态资源和动态资源
静态资源就是指静态内容，客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源。
动态资源则通常是程序文件，需要在服务器执行之后，将执行的结果返回给客户端。
那么web服务器如何执行程序并将结果返回给客户端？，通过一张图来说明一下web服务器如何处理客户端的请求
- lamp简介
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如上图所示
阶段1显示的是httpd服务器（即apache）和php服务器通过FastCGI协议进行通信，且php作为独立的服务进程运行
阶段2显示的是php程序和mysql数据库间通过mysql协议进行通信。php与mysql本没有什么联系，但是由php语言写成的程序可以mysql进行数据交互。同理Perl和Python写的程序也可以与mysql数据库进行交互。
lamp平台构建
环境说明
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos7，redhat7 | 192.168.47.12 | httpd-2.4，mysql-5.7，php，php-mysql |
lamp 平台软件安装次序
httpd --> mysql --> php
安装httpd
// 安装开发工具包
[[email protected] ~]# yum groups install ‘Development Tools‘
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r apache
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache
//安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool
//下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache//apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# ls
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 debug kernels
[[email protected] src]# tar xf apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# ls
apr-1.6.3 apr-util-1.6.1 debug
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 kernels
[[email protected] src]# cd apr-1.6.3
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# vim configure
cfgfile="${ofile}T"
trap "$RM "$cfgfile"; exit 1" 1 2 15
# $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释，或者删除此行。
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# make && make install
[[email protected] apr-1.6.3]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr
[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install
// 编译安装httpd
[[email protected] ~]# wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.34.tar.bz2
[[email protected] ~]# cd httpd-2.4.34
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache > --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 > --enable-so > --enable-ssl > --enable-cgi > --enable-rewrite > --with-zlib > --with-pcre > --with-apr=/usr/local/apr > --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ > --enable-modules=most > --enable-mpms-shared=all > --with-mpm=prefork
[[email protected] httpd-2.4.34]# make && make install
//安装后配置
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[[email protected] ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man‘ >> /etc/man.config
取消ServerName 前面的注释
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/#ServerName/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//启动apache
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl start
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
// 创建用户和组
[[email protected] ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[[email protected] ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
//下载二进制格式的mysql软件包，可以先下载到本地上传
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
// 解压软件至/usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# ls
apr-1.6.3 debug
apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 kernels
apr-util-1.6.1 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
[[email protected] src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C/usr/local/
[[email protected] src]# ls /usr/local/
apache bin include libexec share
apr etc lib mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 src
apr-util games lib64 sbin
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
"mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/"
[[email protected] local]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 8月 21 16:31 apache
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 8月 21 16:12 apr
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 8月 21 16:16 apr-util
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 8月 21 17:13 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 8月 21 17:09 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 7月 30 17:17 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 11月 5 2016 src
// 修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[[email protected] local]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 8月 21 17:13 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
// 添加环境变量
[[email protected] local]# ls /usr/local/mysql
bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files
[[email protected] local]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] local]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[[email protected] local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
// 建立数据存放目录
[[email protected] local]# mkdir /opt/data
[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[[email protected] local]# ll /opt/
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 8月 21 17:20 data
//初始化数据库
[[email protected] local]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/
//请注意，这个命令会生成一个临时密码，此处密码是Rhq?VqUTS5.t
一定要记住这个密码，因为一会登录时会用到。
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
mysql 62524 62346 2 17:49 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr//配置mysql
[[email protected] local]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql
"/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/"
[[email protected] local]# echo ‘/usr/local/mysql/lib‘ > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
[[email protected] local]# ldconfig -v
//生成配置文件
[[email protected] ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir = /usr/local/mysql
> datadir = /opt/data
> socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
> port = 3306
> pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid
> user = mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
//配置服务启动脚本
[[email protected] ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(basedir=).*#1/usr/local/mysql#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s#^(datadir=).*#1/opt/data#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to ‘/opt/data/yanyinglai3.err‘.
. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql
root 62346 1 0 17:49 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=yanyinglai3.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 62556 1703 0 17:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysq
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
// 修改密码
// 使用临时密码登录
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘h‘ for help. Type ‘c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
// 设置新密码
mysql> set password = password(‘123456‘);
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.06 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
安装php
// 配置yum源
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install epel-release
// 安装依赖包
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-develreadline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel
//下载php
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/src/
[[email protected] src]# wget http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-7.2.8.tar.xz
//编译安装php
[[email protected] src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz
[[email protected] src]# cd php-7.2.8
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 > --with-curl > --with-freetype-dir > --with-gd > --with-gettext > --with-iconv-dir > --with-kerberos > --with-libdir=lib64 > --with-libxml-dir=/usr > --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config > --with-openssl > --with-pcre-regex > --with-pdo-mysql > --with-pdo-sqlite > --with-pear > --with-jpeg-dir > --with-png-dir > --with-xmlrpc > --with-xsl > --with-zlib > --with-config-file-path=/etc > --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d > --with-bz2 > --enable-fpm > --enable-bcmath > --enable-libxml > --enable-inline-optimization > --enable-mbregex > --enable-mbstring > --enable-opcache > --enable-pcntl > --enable-shmop > --enable-soap > --enable-sockets > --enable-sysvsem > --enable-xml > --enable-zip
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]#make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l)
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# make install
//安装后配置
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH‘ > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh
[[email protected] ~]# which php
/usr/local/php7/bin/php
[[email protected] ~]# php -v
PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Aug 21 2018 19:43:38) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
//配置php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值：
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
[[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf
; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the
; file.
; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by:
; - the global prefix if it‘s been set (-p argument)
; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise
include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 8
//启动php-fpm
[[email protected] ~]# service php-fpm start
Starting php-fpm done
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef|grep php
root 84624 1 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
nobody 84625 84624 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 84626 84624 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 84627 84624 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 84628 84624 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
nobody 84629 84624 0 20:02 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
root 84632 31791 0 20:03 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php
//配置apache
启用httpd的相关模块
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/proxy_module/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//配置虚拟主机
创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yanyinglai.com
[[email protected] ~]# cat > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/yanyinglai.com/index.php <<EOF
> <?php
> phpinfo();
> ?>
> EOF
[[email protected] ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 46 8月 21 20:08 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//在配置文件的最后加入以下内容
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yanyinglai.com"
ServerName www.yanyinglai.com
ProxyRequests Off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yanyinglai.com/$1
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/yanyinglai.com">
Options none
AllowOverride none
Require all granted
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//搜索Addtype,添加以下内容
#
AddType application/x-compress .Z
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g‘ /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//重启apache服务
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl stop
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
[[email protected] ~]# apachectl start
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
验证
1.修改/etc/hosts文件，添加域名与ip的映射
在windows电脑上修改， C:WindowsSystem32driversetc 文件
2.在浏览器上使用域名访问，若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功，否则请检查你的操作。
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