spring+hibernate项目demo搭建

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之前用maven+spring+mybatis+spring mvc搭建了一个web项目,用于学习spring及相关知识,现在打算将mybatis换成hibernate,一样搭建一个框架。

其实mybatis或者hibernate都只是orm框架,负责数据持久层的工作,spring对这二者都提供了较好的支持。只不过在具体的实现配置上有一些差异。

话不多说,接下来以一个实例一步一步介绍如何搭建spring+hibernate的框架。

1.新建maven项目

导入必要的jar包。关于如何新建maven项目,可以看这篇文章。maven安装配置及使用maven创建一个web项目

 2.引入jar包

我们来看下maven项目的pom.xml文件,这份文件是我从之前做maven+spring+mybatis+spring mvc项目的pom.xml文件中拷贝过来,并且将其中的mybatis相关包换成hibernate的相关包。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.xdx</groupId>
    <artifactId>warrior_hibernate</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>warrior_hibernate Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- spring核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>4.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jdbc驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.8-dmr</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- hibernate核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.9.Final</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.29</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 打印日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.17</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 其他 -->
        <!-- jsp标签 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl-impl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
                    <artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>
        <!-- net.sf.json-lib -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
            <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
        </dependency>
        <!-- websocket -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.java-websocket</groupId>
            <artifactId>Java-WebSocket</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 文件上传 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 分页插件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.3-beta</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 百度富文本 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.qiuxiaoj</groupId>
            <artifactId>ueditor</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.json</groupId>
            <artifactId>json</artifactId>
            <version>20170516</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 防止responseBody中文乱码 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 邮件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.mail-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>smtp</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.0</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sun.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>mailapi</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.0</version>
            <type>jar</type>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
            <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- quartz -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
            <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.session</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-session-data-redis</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1.RELEASE</version>
            <type>pom</type>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 照片处理 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mortennobel</groupId>
            <artifactId>java-image-scaling</artifactId>
            <version>0.8.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 第三方统计 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.bull.javamelody</groupId>
            <artifactId>javamelody-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.69.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <finalName>warrior_hibernate</finalName>
    </build>
</project>

主要的包是spring核心包,hibernate核心包,jdbc驱动,以及测试包等,其他包是今后扩展功能的时候用到的,暂时可以不用。

这边还需要注意的是,我本来用的是hibernate5.x的包,但是在启动项目的时候报错了,最后查出是因为包的版本太高,与spring的jar包发生了冲突,后面将其降为hibernate4.x才排除了错误。具体的排错过程,可以看这里。tomcat启动失败的一种可能性

3.建立数据库

并且建表。选取其中一个表t_admin,其表结构如下图所示。

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4.建立实体对象

既然是用hibernate,则需要为数据库的表对象建立相应的java实体对象。具体可以参考这边文章。使用Myeclipse为数据表创建hibernate实体对象

创建后的实体文件如下所示。

TAdmin.java

package com.xdx.entity;

import java.sql.Timestamp;

/**
 * TAdmin entity. @author MyEclipse Persistence Tools
 */

public class TAdmin implements java.io.Serializable {

	// Fields

	private Integer adminId;
	private String adminName;
	private String password;
	private String realName;
	private Integer roleId;
	private Timestamp createTime;
	private Timestamp updateTime;
	private Integer isDel;

	// Constructors

	/** default constructor */
	public TAdmin() {
	}

	/** minimal constructor */
	public TAdmin(String password, Integer roleId, Timestamp createTime,
			Integer isDel) {
		this.password = password;
		this.roleId = roleId;
		this.createTime = createTime;
		this.isDel = isDel;
	}

	/** full constructor */
	public TAdmin(String adminName, String password, String realName,
			Integer roleId, Timestamp createTime, Timestamp updateTime,
			Integer isDel) {
		this.adminName = adminName;
		this.password = password;
		this.realName = realName;
		this.roleId = roleId;
		this.createTime = createTime;
		this.updateTime = updateTime;
		this.isDel = isDel;
	}

	// Property accessors

	public Integer getAdminId() {
		return this.adminId;
	}

	public void setAdminId(Integer adminId) {
		this.adminId = adminId;
	}

	public String getAdminName() {
		return this.adminName;
	}

	public void setAdminName(String adminName) {
		this.adminName = adminName;
	}

	public String getPassword() {
		return this.password;
	}

	public void setPassword(String password) {
		this.password = password;
	}

	public String getRealName() {
		return this.realName;
	}

	public void setRealName(String realName) {
		this.realName = realName;
	}

	public Integer getRoleId() {
		return this.roleId;
	}

	public void setRoleId(Integer roleId) {
		this.roleId = roleId;
	}

	public Timestamp getCreateTime() {
		return this.createTime;
	}

	public void setCreateTime(Timestamp createTime) {
		this.createTime = createTime;
	}

	public Timestamp getUpdateTime() {
		return this.updateTime;
	}

	public void setUpdateTime(Timestamp updateTime) {
		this.updateTime = updateTime;
	}

	public Integer getIsDel() {
		return this.isDel;
	}

	public void setIsDel(Integer isDel) {
		this.isDel = isDel;
	}

}

 TAdmin.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.xdx.entity.TAdmin" table="t_admin" catalog="qgranite">
        <id name="adminId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="admin_id" />
            <generator class="native" />
        </id>
        <property name="adminName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="admin_name" length="100" />
        </property>
        <property name="password" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="password" length="100" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="realName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="real_name" length="100" />
        </property>
        <property name="roleId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="role_id" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="createTime" type="java.sql.Timestamp">
            <column name="create_time" length="19" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="updateTime" type="java.sql.Timestamp">
            <column name="update_time" length="19" />
        </property>
        <property name="isDel" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="is_del" not-null="true" />
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 5.创建项目的主要包

分别创建com.xdx.entity,com.xdx.service,com.xdx.dao,com.xdx.controller,com.xdx.util等包。如下图所示。并将上面生成的实体放入com.xdx.entity包中。

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6.编写数据源配置文件

项目采用阿里数据连接池,druid。jdpc.properities配置文件如下。

#数据源1
url:jdbc:mysql://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:3306/qgranite?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&characterSetResults=utf8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=CONVERT_TO_NULL&serverTimezone=UTC&useSSL=false  
driverClassName:com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
username:xdx
password:xxxxxxxxx
filters:stat
maxActive:20
initialSize:1
maxWait:60000
minIdle:10
maxIdle:15
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis:60000
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis:300000
validationQuery:SELECT ‘x‘
testWhileIdle:true
testOnBorrow:false
testOnReturn:false
maxOpenPreparedStatements:20
removeAbandoned:true
removeAbandonedTimeout:1800
logAbandoned:true
# hibernate.X
hibernate.connection.driverClass=org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://139.196.235.228:3306/qgranite
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect
hibernate.connection.username=xdx
[email protected]
hibernate.show_sql=true
#hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=create-drop 这边千万不要写create-drop,不然每次项目启动他会先删除表,再重建,表中的数据也会丢失
hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update

 这边需要注意3个地方。

a.url的配置需要跟上后面那堆参数,那是新的jdbc驱动要求的,如果不跟,会报错。

b.driverClassName要写com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver而不是旧版本的com.mysql.jdbc.Driver,因为后者已经过时了。

c.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto千万不要写=create-drop,否则项目启动的时候会把所有数据表删除,然后再新建,这样里面的数据就不见了,我这边写的是update,即有修改的时候会自动update.

上述配置文件会被spring的主配置文件,ApplicationContext.xml引用。

7.编写spring主配置文件

spring主配置文件是spring项目最重要的一个配置文件,数据源配置,事务管理配置,以及加载所有javabean等都在此处配置。当我们启动一个web项目的时候,先去加载项目所引用的jar包(包括jdk,tomcat,还有maven处所引用的jar包),接下来去访问web.xml文件,根据web.xml文件的配置,找到spring主配置文件的位置,读取其内容,然后就可以进行加载javabean,初始化数据库连接池等工作了。(关于web项目启动的步骤,可以参照这篇文章。)

 

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