rsync

Posted 2020-12-30

rsync

‘rsync是Linux系统下的数据镜像备份工具。Remote   Sync  可以远程同步，支持本地复制‘

rsync特性

1.无须特殊权限即可安装
2.可以做到保持原来文件的权限、时间、软硬链接。
3.可以镜像保存整个目录树和文件系统
4.快速：第一次同步时rsync将会复制全部内容，之后传输只传输修改过的文件，传输过程中实行压缩及解压缩操作，减少了带宽。
5.安全：可以使用scp、ssh方式传输文件，或者通过直接的socket连接。
6.支持匿名传输，方便网站镜像。

rsync的ssh认证协议

默认是省略-e ssh的：
‘rsync -avz /SRC -e ssh [email protected]:/DEST‘
         -a      文件宿主变化，时间戳不变
                 -z       压缩数据传输

    修改端口：
‘rsync  -avz  /SRC -e "ssh -p2222" [email protected]:/DEST‘
（修改ssh协议的端口，默认是22）

rsync常见选项

-a   (archive)    归档
-v    (verbose)  啰嗦模式
-q   (quiet)       静默模式
-r    (recursive)  递归
-p   (perms)     保持原有的权限属性
-z   (compress)  在传输时压缩，节省带宽，加快传输速度

rsync+inotify

‘   Inotify  是一种强大的，细粒度的、异步的文件系统事件监控机制，linux内核从2.6.13起,加入了Inotify支持，通过inotify可以监控文件系统中添加、删除、修改、移动等各种细微事件，利用这个内核接口，第三方软件就可以监控文件系统下文件的各种变化情况，而inotify-tools就是第三方软件。‘
‘  rsync 可以实现触发式的文件同步，但是通过crontab守护进程方式进行触发，同步的数据与实际数据会有差异，但是inotify可以监控文件系统的各种变化。‘

---

环境说明：

源服务器	192.168.228.20	rsyncinotify-tools脚本
目标服务器	192.168.228.21	rsync

目标服务器操作

‘关闭防火墙与selinux‘

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
[[email protected] ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s/^(SELINUX=).*/1disabled/g‘ /etc/selinux/config 
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config 

‘安装rsync服务端软件‘

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install rsync

‘设置rsyncd.conf配置文件‘

[[email protected] ~]# cat >> /etc/rsyncd.conf <<EOF

log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pidfile = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass

[etc_from_client]
path = /tmp/
comment = sync etc from client
uid = root
gid = root
port = 873
ignore errors
use chroot = no
read only = no
list = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 600
auth users = admin
hosts allow = 192.168.228.20
hosts deny = 192.168.1.1
EOF

**查看修改的配置文件**

[[email protected] ~]# tail -20 /etc/rsyncd.conf 
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log    ‘日志文件位置，启动rsync后自动产生这个文件，无需提前创建‘
pidfile = /var/run/rsyncd.pid   ‘pid文件的存放位置‘
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock  ‘支持max   connections参数的锁文件‘
secrets file = /etc/rsync.pass   ‘用户认证配置文件，里面保存用户名称和密码，必须手动创建这个文件‘

[etc_from_client]   ‘自定义同步名称‘
path = /tmp/      ‘rsync服务端数据存放路径，客户端的数据将同步至此目录‘
comment = sync etc from client
uid = root       ‘设置rsync运行权限为root‘
gid = root       ‘设置rsync运行权限为root‘
port = 873      ‘默认端口‘
ignore errors    ‘表示出现错误忽略错误‘
use chroot = no   ‘默认为true,修改为no,增加对目录文件软链接的备份‘
read only = no    ‘设置rsync服务端为读写权限‘
list = no    ‘不显示rsync服务端资源列表‘
max connections = 200   ‘最大连接数‘
timeout = 600  ‘设置超时时间‘
auth users = admin   ‘执行数据同步的用户名，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开‘
hosts allow = 192.168.228.20   ‘允许进行数据同步的客户端IP地址，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开‘
hosts deny = 192.168.1.1  ‘禁止数据同步的客户端IP地址，可以设置多个，用英文状态下逗号隔开‘

‘创建用户认证‘

[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘admin:123456‘ > /etc/rsync.pass
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass 
admin:123456

‘设置文件权限‘

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync*
[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/rsync*
-rw-------. 1 root root 843 Aug 16 10:17 /etc/rsyncd.conf
-rw-------. 1 root root  13 Aug 16 10:35 /etc/rsync.pass

‘启动rsync服务并设置开机自启动‘

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start rsyncd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.
[[email protected] ~]# ss -antl 
State      Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN     0      128     *:22                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      100    127.0.0.1:25                  *:*                  
LISTEN     0      5       *:873                 *:*                  
LISTEN     0      128    :::22                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      100       ::1:25                 :::*                  
LISTEN     0      5      :::873                :::*                  

在源服务器上做操作：

‘关闭防火墙与SELINUX‘

[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[[email protected] ~]# getenforce 
Enforcing
[[email protected] ~]# setenforce 0
[[email protected] ~]# sed -ri ‘s/^(SELINUX=).*/1disabled/g‘ /etc/selinux/config 

‘配置yum源‘

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
--2018-08-16 10:45:14--  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’

100%[====================>] 1,572       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2018-08-16 10:45:14 (65.2 MB/s) - ‘CentOS7-Base-163.repo’ saved [1572/1572]
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# sed -i ‘s/$releasever/7/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# sed -i ‘s/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# yum -y install update --skip-broken

安装rsync服务端软件，只需要安装，不要启动，不需要配置

    [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install rysnc

    ‘创建认证密码文件‘
    [[email protected] ~]# echo ‘123456‘ > /etc/rsync.pass
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/rsync.pass
123456

‘设置文件权限，只设置文件所有者具有读取、写入权限即可‘
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.pass 
[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/rsync.pass 
-rw-------. 1 root root 7 Aug 16 10:53 /etc/rsync.pass
‘在源服务器上创建测试目录，然后在源服务器运行以下命令‘
[[email protected] ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -pv /root/etc/test
mkdir: created directory ‘/root/etc’
mkdir: created directory ‘/root/etc/test’
[[email protected] ~]# rsync -avH --port 873 --progress --delete /root/etc/ [email protected]::etc_from_client --password-
file=/etc/rsync.pass
sending incremental file list
deleting systemd-private-63981aeced5b4d538cd4b80c9f6c85d8-vmtoolsd.service-fpj9Ji/tmp/vmware-root/
deleting systemd-private-63981aeced5b4d538cd4b80c9f6c85d8-vmtoolsd.service-fpj9Ji/tmp/
deleting systemd-private-63981aeced5b4d538cd4b80c9f6c85d8-vmtoolsd.service-fpj9Ji/
deleting systemd-private-63981aeced5b4d538cd4b80c9f6c85d8-vgauthd.service-pA9skg/tmp/
deleting systemd-private-63981aeced5b4d538cd4b80c9f6c85d8-vgauthd.service-pA9skg/
deleting .font-unix/
deleting .XIM-unix/
deleting .X11-unix/
deleting .Test-unix/
deleting .ICE-unix/
./
test/

sent 77 bytes  received 506 bytes  233.20 bytes/sec
total size is 0  speedup is 0.00

在目标服务器上查看，是否/tmp目录下有test目录

[[email protected] ~]# cd /tmp/
[[email protected] tmp]# ls
test

安装inotify-tools工具，实时触发rsync进行同步

‘查看服务器内核是否支持inotify‘
[[email protected] tmp]# ll /proc/sys/fs/inotify/
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 16 11:05 max_queued_events
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 16 11:05 max_user_instances
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Aug 16 11:05 max_user_watches

安装inotify-tools

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install inotify-tools

写同步脚本，让脚本自动去检测我们制定的目录下，文件发生的变化，然后再执行rsync的命令把它同步到我们的服务器端

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /scripts
[[email protected] ~]# touch /scripts/inotify.sh
[[email protected] ~]# chmod 755 /scripts/inotify.sh 
[[email protected] ~]# ll /scripts/inotify.sh 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 0 Aug 16 11:24 /scripts/inotify.sh
[[email protected] ~]# vim /scripts/inotify.sh 

#!/bin/bash
host=192.168.228.21    ‘目标服务器的ip(备份服务器）‘
src=/etc       ‘在源服务器上所要监控的备份目录（此处可以自定义，但是要保证存在）‘
des=etc_from_client    ‘自定义的模块名，需要与目标服务器上定义的同步名称一致‘
password=/etc/rsync.pass   ‘执行数据同步的密码文件‘
user=admin    ‘执行数据同步的用户名‘
inotifywait=/usr/bin/inotifywait

$inotifywait -mrq --timefmt ‘%Y%m%d %H:%M‘ --format ‘%T %w%f%e‘ -e modify,delete,create,attrib $src | while read files ;do
 rsync -avzP --delete --timeout=100 --password-file=${password} $src [email protected]$host::$des
 echo "${files} was rsynced" >>/tmp/rsync.log 2>&1
done

‘启动脚本‘
[[email protected] ~]# nohup bash /scripts/inotify.sh &
[1] 19859
[[email protected] ~]# nohup: ignoring input and appending output to ‘nohup.out’

[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef |grep inotify
root      19859   2936  0 11:36 pts/2    00:00:00 bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root      19860  19859  0 11:36 pts/2    00:00:00 /usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt %Y%m%d %H:%M --format %T %w%f%e -e modify,delete,create,attrib /etc
root      19861  19859  0 11:36 pts/2    00:00:00 bash /scripts/inotify.sh
root      19865   2936  0 11:37 pts/2    00:00:00 grep --color=auto inotify

‘在源服务器上生成一个新文件‘
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd24
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘hello world‘ > /etc/httpd24/test
[[email protected] ~]# tail /tmp/rsync.log 

‘查看inotify生成的日志‘
[[email protected] ~]# tail /tmp/rsync.log 
20180816 11:38 /etc/httpd24CREATE,ISDIR was rsynced
20180816 11:39 /etc/httpd24/testCREATE was rsynced
20180816 11:39 /etc/httpd24/testMODIFY was rsynced
（从日志上可以看到，我们生成了一个test文件，并且添加了内容到其里面）

‘设置脚本开机自动启动‘

[[email protected] ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
[[email protected] ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 473 Aug  5  2017 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[[email protected] ~]# echo ‘nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh‘ >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
[[email protected] ~]# tail /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run ‘chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local‘ to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup /bin/bash /scripts/inotify.sh

到目标服务器上去查看是否把新生成的文件自动传上去

‘在tmp下面查看，源服务器的/etc目录整个同步到目标服务器，且新增的test文件也自动同步‘
[[email protected] tmp]# ls
etc  test
[[email protected] tmp]# ls etc/h
host.conf    hosts        hosts.deny   
hostname     hosts.allow  httpd24/     
[[email protected] tmp]# ls etc/httpd24/
test
[[email protected] tmp]# vim test/