Docker篇之三Docker镜像实战

Posted 2020-12-29

构建nginx镜像

• 创建Nginx镜像创建专用目录

cd /opt
mkdir nginx
cd nginx
vim Dockerfile

FROM centos    //基于基础镜像为centos
MAINTAINER this is nginx image <[email protected]>    //描述信息
RUN yum install -y wget proc-devel net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel   //安装环境包
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz   //容器中下载Nginx软件包
RUN tar zxvf nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz    //解压压缩包
WORKDIR nginx-1.9.7   //切换到文件目录中
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install   //指定安装目录，执行安装
EXPOSE 80       //打开80端口
EXPOSE 443      //打开443端口
RUN echo "daemon off;">>/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf   //关闭守护进程
ADD run.sh /run.sh    //添加启动脚本
RUN chmod 755 /run.sh   //为启动脚本增加执行权限
CMD ["/run.sh"]   //启动容器时执行启动服务脚本

• 编写启动脚本

vim run.sh

#!/bin/bash
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx   //此处Nginx启动脚本位置为容器中位置

docker build -t nginx:new . //生成新镜像
docker run -d -P nginx:new //运行容器
docker ps -a //查看容器运行状态以及端口映射情况

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                           NAMES
535b90a8ec25        nginx:new           "/run.sh"                11 seconds ago      Up 10 seconds       0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp, 0.0.0.0:32769->443/tcp   practical_ride

• 客户端访问测试，根据端口映射情况，直接访问宿主机的IP地址加端口。

• 注：若是遇到Nginx软件包wget不到的情况导致Dockerfile程序异常退出，首先查看docker images 是否存在<none>的镜像，有两种方法可以删除none错误镜像。
• 方法一：

docker rmi none镜像ID --force
docker images //发现none镜像已经删除
docker rm 容器ID //删除多余无用的容

• 方法二：

编写脚本删除，然后执行脚本即可:

vim none.sh

docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk ‘{print $1 }‘|xargs docker stop   
docker ps -a | grep "Exited" | awk ‘{print $1 }‘|xargs docker rm
docker images|grep none|awk ‘{print $3 }‘|xargs docker rmi

source none.sh

• 注：若由于wget不到Nginx软件包导致Dockefile无法继续执行而退出，可提前将Nginx软件包下载到宿主机，解压至与Dockerfile在同一级别的目录中，在Dockerfile中使用ADD复制到容器中执行编译安装。那么Dockerfile编写方式可更改如下：

tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz -C /opt/nginx/
ls

vim Dockerfile

FROM centos
MAINTAINER this is Nginx image<[email protected]>
RUN yum install -y wget proc-devel net-tools gcc zlib zlib-devel make openssl-devel
ADD nginx-1.12.0 /nginx-1.12.0     //与上面不同的地方，直接将解压好的软件包复制到容器中根目录下
# RUN tar zxvf nginx-1.9.7.tar.gz
WORKDIR /nginx-1.12.0
RUN ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443
RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ADD run.sh /run.sh
RUN chmod +x /run.sh   //增加执行权限
CMD ["/run.sh"]

• 然后执行生产新镜像，以及容器运行

docker build -t nginx:new .
docker images
docker run -d -P nginx:new
docker ps -a

构建tomcat镜像

• 由于tomcat安装需要有JDK环境支持，因此在此之前需要准备jdk软件环境。

mkdir -p /opt/tomcat
tar zxvf jdk-8u91-linux-x64.tar.gz
tar zxvf apache-tomcat-8.5.16.tar.gz
vim Dockerfile

FROM centos
MAINTAINER this is tomcat image <[email protected]>
ADD jdk1.8.0_91 /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java
ENV JAVA_BIN /usr/local/java/bin
ENV JRE_HOME /usr/local/java/jre
ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/java/bin:/usr/local/java/jre/bin
ENV CLASSPATH /usr/local/java/jre/bin:/usr/local/java/lib:/usr/local/java/jre/lib/charsets.jar
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.16 /usr/local/tomcat8
EXPOSE 8080

docker build -t tomcat:centos .

docker run --name tomcat01 -p 80:8080 -it tomcat:centos /bin/bash

[[email protected] bin]#cd /usr/local/tomcat8/bin
[[email protected] bin]#./startup.sh //启动tomcat服务

• 检测

http://192.168.144.111/

构建mysql镜像(推荐使用centos6)

mkdir -p /opt/mysql
cd mysql
vim Dockerfile

FROM guyton/centos6
MAINTAINER this is msyql images <[email protected]>
RUN yum install mysql mysql-server
RUN /etc/init.d/mysqld start &&mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to ‘root‘@‘%‘ identified by ‘abc123‘;" &&mysql -e "grant all privileges on *.* to ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘abc123‘;"
EXPOSE 3306
CMD ["mysqld_safe"]

docker build -t centos6:mysql .

docker run --name=mysqlserver -d -P centos6:mysql

docker ps -a

• 找个装有MySQL的客户端验证访问

mysql -h 192.168.144.111 -u root -P 32768 -pabc123