配置防火墙，开启80端口3306端口 & iptables 使用详解
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1：配置防火墙，开启80端口、3306端口
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT（允许80端口通过防火墙）
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 3306 -j ACCEPT（允许3306端口通过防火墙）
特别提示：很多网友把这两条规则添加到防火墙配置的最后一行，导致防火墙启动失败，正确的应该是添加到默认的22端口这条规则的下面
添加好之后防火墙规则如下所示：
######################################
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
#####################################
/etc/init.d/iptables restart #最后重启防火墙使配置生效
2：iptables 使用详解
Centos 6 iptables 配置
Ben
2011/12/24
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
2 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
3 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
4 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
7 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
-----------
插入1条记录
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -I INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 state NEW
2 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
4 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
7 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
8 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
-
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Sat Dec 24 16:50:09 2011
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [201:20052]
-A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 2256 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
# Completed on Sat Dec 24 16:50:09 2011
--
修改1条记录：比如第7条 state NEW tcp dpt:22
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -R INPUT 7 -s 172.16.0.0/16 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables status
Bad argument `status‘
Try `iptables -h‘ or ‘iptables --help‘ for more information.
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 state NEW
2 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
4 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
7 ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:22
8 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
--
删除1条记录，比如：第7条
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -D INPUT 7
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 anywhere tcp dpt:https state NEW
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:pcc-mfp
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere
ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http
REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 state NEW
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 state NEW
2 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
4 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
7 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
---
清空所有INPUT 记录
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables.bak
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -F INPUT
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/iptables.bak
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables -F INPUT
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
恢复以前保存的记录：
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables-restore /etc/sysconfig/iptables.bak
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables status
Table: filter
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 ACCEPT tcp -- 172.16.0.0/16 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:443 state NEW
2 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:2256
3 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state RELATED,ESTABLISHED
4 ACCEPT icmp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
5 ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
6 ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 state NEW tcp dpt:80
7 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
1 REJECT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
num target prot opt source destination
[[email protected] ben.liu]# iptables-save
# Generated by iptables-save v1.4.7 on Sat Dec 24 17:24:57 2011
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [44:5152]
-A INPUT -s 172.16.0.0/16 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -m state --state NEW -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 2256 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
# Completed on Sat Dec 24 17:24:57 2011
----------
查看iptables 启动的规则文件：
[[email protected] ben.liu]# cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
---
关闭/ 禁止、允许随系统启动/启动/重启/ iptables服务
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables stop
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[[email protected] ben.liu]# chkconfig --level 35 iptables off
[[email protected] ben.liu]# chkconfig --level 35 iptables on
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables start
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
[[email protected] ben.liu]# service iptables restart
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]
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