contentType 应用,(表中数据大量存在外键时使用)

Posted zhaoweihang

tags:

篇首语:本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了contentType 应用,(表中数据大量存在外键时使用)相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。

当表中有大量的foreignkey 外键时,而且后期还有可能加入一些外键时,

使用django自带的contenttype表(表结构是app名和表的对应的每个类字段)

 

 1. Django 中的 content_type

      1. 在一对多的表关系中, 添加一条数据,就要去相对应的表中修改,这样做太麻烦,可以考虑用 Content_type 中的主力一对多关系的方法,

       例子

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey,GenericRelation


class Electrics(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
    coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)  # 用于反向查询,不会生成表字段

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Foods(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price=models.IntegerField(default=100)
    coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class Clothes(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
    coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name


class bed(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.IntegerField(default=100)
    coupons = GenericRelation(to=‘Coupon‘)


class Coupon(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    
    # 保存的是 contenttype 表中的 id
    content_type = models.ForeignKey(to=ContentType)                # step 


    # 保存的是contenttype 表中的 id 表 中的 对象ID
    object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()                       # step 2

    content_object = GenericForeignKey(‘content_type‘, ‘object_id‘) # step 3

    def __str__(self):
        return self.name

应用场景 

‘‘‘
  Coupon 
   
       id         name                 content_type_id     object_id
       1     美的冰箱满减优惠券               9                3     
       2     猪蹄买一送一优惠券               10               2
       3     床单买一百减五十优惠券           11               1

‘‘‘        

 

 

2 . alipay 中python 的接口

pip3  install AliPay  下载一个模块

 

1, 涉及到公钥和私钥的问题,那么什么是公钥私钥:

1,公钥和私钥成对出现 
2,公开的密钥叫公钥,只有自己知道的叫私钥 
3,用公钥加密的数据只有对应的私钥可以 解密 
4,用私钥加密的数据只有对应的公钥可以解密 
5,如果可以用公钥解密,则必然是对应的私钥加的密 
6,如果可以用私钥解密,则 必然是对应的公钥加的密 

去阿里注册一个 沙箱环境的支付功能,体验一下  

from datetime import datetime
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
from urllib.parse import quote_plus
from urllib.parse import urlparse, parse_qs
from base64 import decodebytes, encodebytes
import json


class AliPay(object):
    """
    支付宝支付接口(PC端支付接口)
    """

    def __init__(self, appid, app_notify_url, app_private_key_path,
                 alipay_public_key_path, return_url, debug=False):
        self.appid = appid
        self.app_notify_url = app_notify_url
        self.app_private_key_path = app_private_key_path
        self.app_private_key = None
        self.return_url = return_url
        with open(self.app_private_key_path) as fp:
            self.app_private_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())
        self.alipay_public_key_path = alipay_public_key_path
        with open(self.alipay_public_key_path) as fp:
            self.alipay_public_key = RSA.importKey(fp.read())

        if debug is True:
            self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"
        else:
            self.__gateway = "https://openapi.alipay.com/gateway.do"

    def direct_pay(self, subject, out_trade_no, total_amount, return_url=None, **kwargs):
        biz_content = {
            "subject": subject,
            "out_trade_no": out_trade_no,
            "total_amount": total_amount,
            "product_code": "FAST_INSTANT_TRADE_PAY",
            # "qr_pay_mode":4
        }

        biz_content.update(kwargs)
        data = self.build_body("alipay.trade.page.pay", biz_content, self.return_url)
        return self.sign_data(data)

    def build_body(self, method, biz_content, return_url=None):
        data = {
            "app_id": self.appid,
            "method": method,
            "charset": "utf-8",
            "sign_type": "RSA2",
            "timestamp": datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
            "version": "1.0",
            "biz_content": biz_content
        }

        if return_url is not None:
            data["notify_url"] = self.app_notify_url
            data["return_url"] = self.return_url

        return data

    def sign_data(self, data):
        data.pop("sign", None)
        # 排序后的字符串
        unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        unsigned_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
        sign = self.sign(unsigned_string.encode("utf-8"))
        # ordered_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        quoted_string = "&".join("{0}={1}".format(k, quote_plus(v)) for k, v in unsigned_items)

        # 获得最终的订单信息字符串
        signed_string = quoted_string + "&sign=" + quote_plus(sign)
        return signed_string

    def ordered_data(self, data):
        complex_keys = []
        for key, value in data.items():
            if isinstance(value, dict):
                complex_keys.append(key)

        # 将字典类型的数据dump出来
        for key in complex_keys:
            data[key] = json.dumps(data[key], separators=(‘,‘, ‘:‘))

        return sorted([(k, v) for k, v in data.items()])

    def sign(self, unsigned_string):
        # 开始计算签名
        key = self.app_private_key
        signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
        signature = signer.sign(SHA256.new(unsigned_string))
        # base64 编码,转换为unicode表示并移除回车
        sign = encodebytes(signature).decode("utf8").replace("
", "")
        return sign

    def _verify(self, raw_content, signature):
        # 开始计算签名
        key = self.alipay_public_key
        signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(key)
        digest = SHA256.new()
        digest.update(raw_content.encode("utf8"))
        if signer.verify(digest, decodebytes(signature.encode("utf8"))):
            return True
        return False

    def verify(self, data, signature):
        if "sign_type" in data:
            sign_type = data.pop("sign_type")
        # 排序后的字符串
        unsigned_items = self.ordered_data(data)
        message = "&".join(u"{}={}".format(k, v) for k, v in unsigned_items)
        return self._verify(message, signature)

views 视图中的 代码

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from utils.pay import AliPay
import json
import time


def ali():
    # 沙箱环境地址:https://openhome.alipay.com/platform/appDaily.htm?tab=info
    app_id = "2016091100486897"
    # POST请求,用于最后的检测
    notify_url = "http://47.94.172.250:8804/page2/"
    # notify_url = "http://www.wupeiqi.com:8804/page2/"

    # GET请求,用于页面的跳转展示
    return_url = "http://47.94.172.250:8804/page2/"
    # return_url = "http://www.wupeiqi.com:8804/page2/"

    # 本地 私钥文件的位置
    merchant_private_key_path = "keys/app_private_2048.txt"

    # 本地 公钥文件的位置
    alipay_public_key_path = "keys/alipay_public_2048.txt"

    # 调用这个借口类 , 把信息传进去
    alipay = AliPay(
        appid=app_id,
        app_notify_url=notify_url,
        return_url=return_url,
        app_private_key_path=merchant_private_key_path, # 商家私钥(路飞私钥)
        alipay_public_key_path=alipay_public_key_path,  # 支付宝的公钥,验证支付宝回传消息使用,不是你自己的公钥
        debug=True,  # 默认False,    配合沙箱模式使用
    )
    return alipay


def page1(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, ‘page1.html‘)
    else:
        money = float(request.POST.get(‘money‘))
        alipay = ali()
        # 生成支付的url
        query_params = alipay.direct_pay(
            subject="充气式韩红",  # 商品简单描述
            out_trade_no="x2" + str(time.time()),  # 商户订单号
            total_amount=money,  # 交易金额(单位: 元 保留俩位小数)
        )

        pay_url = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do?{}".format(query_params)

        return redirect(pay_url)


def page2(request):
    alipay = ali()
    if request.method == "POST":
        # 检测是否支付成功
        # 去请求体中获取所有返回的数据:状态/订单号
        from urllib.parse import parse_qs
        body_str = request.body.decode(‘utf-8‘)
        post_data = parse_qs(body_str)

        post_dict = {}
        for k, v in post_data.items():
            post_dict[k] = v[0]
        print(post_dict)

        sign = post_dict.pop(‘sign‘, None)
        status = alipay.verify(post_dict, sign)
        print(‘POST验证‘, status)
        return HttpResponse(‘POST返回‘)

    else:
        params = request.GET.dict()
        sign = params.pop(‘sign‘, None)
        status = alipay.verify(params, sign)
        print(‘GET验证‘, status)
        return HttpResponse(‘支付成功‘)

 

项目中的 srttings 中的配置

STATIC_URL = ‘/static/‘
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static")]

# 支付宝配置参数
ALIPAY_APPID = "你的应用id"
ALIPAY_URL = "https://openapi.alipaydev.com/gateway.do"

 

  url 中的 代码

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
    url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
    url(r‘^page1/‘, views.page1),
    url(r‘^page2/‘, views.page2),
]

 






以上是关于contentType 应用,(表中数据大量存在外键时使用)的主要内容,如果未能解决你的问题,请参考以下文章

django contenttype 表应用

Django contenttypes 应用

20,Django contenttypes 应用

Django contentType

Django的contenttypes应用缓存相关

Django——ContentType及ContentType-signals的使用