GUI的最终选择Tkinter模块初级篇

Posted 2020-12-27 linu

一、Tkinter模块的基本使用

1）实例化窗口程序

import tkinter as tk
app = tk.Tk()
app.title("FishC Demo")
app.mainloop()

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2）窗口生成一个标题文本

import tkinter as tk
# 第一步实例化tk,用于容纳整个程序
app = tk.Tk()
app.title("FishC Demo")     # 设置标题栏

# 第二步，用于显示文本，或图片
thelabel =tk.Label(app,text="我的第二个窗口程序")    #  Label 实例化标签
thelabel.pack()     # 用于自动调节组件的尺寸

# 窗口的组事件循环
app.mainloop()

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 3）用类来实现简单的窗口

import tkinter as tk

class App:
    def __init__(self,master):
        frame = tk.Frame(master)
        frame.pack()

        self.hi_there = tk.Button(frame,text=‘打招呼‘,fg = ‘blue‘)
        self.hi_there.pack()

root = tk.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

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4）类中，创建点击方法，修改文本位置，及背景方法

import tkinter as tk

class App:
    def __init__(self,master):
        frame = tk.Frame(master)
        frame.pack(side = tk.LEFT,padx = 10,pady = 10)
        self.hi_there = tk.Button(frame,text=‘打招呼‘,bg = ‘blue‘,fg = ‘white‘,command=self.say_hi)
        self.hi_there.pack()
    def say_hi(self):
        print(‘欢迎来到GUI编程‘)

root = tk.Tk()
app = App(root)
root.mainloop()

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 5）添加图片功能

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
textlabel = Label(root,text=‘你勇敢吗！‘)
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(root,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

mainloop()

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 6）对文字属性编辑

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
textlabel = Label(root,text=‘你勇敢吗！,
敢来吗‘,justify=LEFT,padx=10)     # justify=LEFT 左对齐   padx=10 边距是10
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(root,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

mainloop()

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7）设置成背景图片

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
photo = PhotoImage(file=‘1.jpg‘)
theLabel = Label(root,
                 text="the beautiful girl",
                 justify= LEFT,
                 image=photo,
                 compound=CENTER,
                 font=("宋体",25),
                 fg="black")
theLabel.pack()
mainloop()

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二、Button组件 

1）Button点击触发事件

from tkinter import *
def callback():
    var.set("吹吧，我才不信")
    pass

root = Tk()

frame1 = Frame(root)
frame2 = Frame(root)

var = StringVar()
var.set("你勇敢吗！,
敢来吗")
textlabel = Label(frame1,
                  textvariable=var,
                  justify=LEFT,
                  padx=10)     # textvariable是变量字符串  justify=LEFT 左对齐   padx=10 边距是10
textlabel.pack(side = LEFT)

photo = PhotoImage(file = "1.png")
imgLabel = Label(frame1,image=photo)
imgLabel.pack(side = RIGHT)

theButton = Button(frame2,text="确定，你就点啊",command = callback)
theButton.pack()

frame1.pack(padx=10,pady=10)
frame2.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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 2）记录Button的点击记录事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

c = Checkbutton(root,text="测试一下",variable=v)    # variable=v 表示按钮状态是否被按下
c.pack()

l = Label(root,textvariable=v)  # 记录选中状态
l.pack()

mainloop()

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 3）Button点击事件列表应用

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

GIRLS = ["西施","苍老师",‘东施‘]

v = []

for girl in GIRLS:
    v.append(IntVar())
    b = Checkbutton(root,text=girl,variable=v[-1])
    b.pack(anchor=W)    # 名字左对齐

mainloop()

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 4）互斥事件

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

v = IntVar()

Radiobutton(root,text=‘One‘,variable=v,value=1).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root,text=‘Two‘,variable=v,value=2).pack(anchor=W)
Radiobutton(root,text=‘Threr‘,variable=v,value=3).pack(anchor=W)

mainloop()

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 5）for循环使用互斥事件和按钮的多样式

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

LANGS=[("python",1),
       ("java",2),
       ("php",3),
       ("ruby",4)]

v = IntVar()
v.set(1)

for lang,num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(root,text=lang,variable=v,value=num,indicatoron=False)  # indicatoron=False 设置点击的样式，默认的小原点
    b.pack(fill=X)  # 按钮横向填充
mainloop()

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 6）选择回答选项设置

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

group = LabelFrame(root,text="最好的脚本语言是？",padx=5,pady=5)
group.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

LANGS=[("python",1),
       ("java",2),
       ("php",3),
       ("ruby",4)]

v = IntVar()
# v.set(1)  # 这个是默认选择第一个

for lang,num in LANGS:
    b = Radiobutton(group,text=lang,variable=v,value=num)  # indicatoron=False 设置点击的样式，默认的小原点
    b.pack(anchor=W)
mainloop()

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三、Entry输入框方法

1）初探输入框

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

e = Entry(root)
e.pack(padx=20,pady=20)

mainloop()

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 2）生成默认输入框文本

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

e = Entry(root)
e.pack(padx=20,pady=20)

e.delete(0,END)
e.insert(0,"默认文本...")

mainloop()

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 3）获取用户交互点击信息

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root,text="作品：").grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(root,text="作者：").grid(row=1,column=0)

e1 = Entry(root)
e2 = Entry(root)
e1.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)

def show():
    print("作品：<%s>" % e1.get())
    print("作者：<%s>" % e2.get())

Button(root,text="获取信息",width=10,command=show)    .grid(row=3,column=0,sticky=W,padx=10,pady=5)
Button(root,text="退出",width=10,command=root.quit)     .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

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 4）输入框隐藏输入密码功能

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Label(root,text="账号：").grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(root,text="密码：").grid(row=1,column=0)

v1 = StringVar()
v2 = StringVar()

e1 = Entry(root,textvariable=v1)
e2 = Entry(root,textvariable=v2,show="*")
e1.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)
e2.grid(row=1,column=1,padx=10,pady=5)

def show():
    print("账号：%s" % e1.get())
    print("密码：%s" % e2.get())

Button(root,text="芝麻开门",width=10,command=show)    .grid(row=3,column=0,sticky=W,padx=10,pady=5)
Button(root,text="退出",width=10,command=root.quit)     .grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=E, padx=10, pady=5)

mainloop()

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 5）输入框正确则保留，错误清空重新输入

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

def test():
    if e1.get() == "python":
        print("正确")
        return True
    else:
        print("错误")
        e1.delete(0,END)
        return False

v = StringVar()
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",validatecommand=test)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
mainloop()

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6）函数调用使用

#-*-coding: utf-8 -*-
from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

def test1():
    if e1.get() == "python":
        print("正确")
        return True
    else:
        print("错误")
        e1.delete(0,END)
        return False

def test2():
    print("python被调用了")
    return True


v = StringVar()
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",           validatecommand=test1,invalidcommand=test2)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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 7）验证函数的额外选项

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

v = StringVar()
def test(content,reason,name):
    if content == "python":
        print("正确")
        print(content,reason,name)
        return True
    else:
        print("错误")
        print(content, reason, name)
        return False

testCMD = master.register(test)
e1 = Entry(master,textvariable=v,validate="focusout",           validatecommand=(testCMD,‘%P‘,‘%v‘,‘%W‘))
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)
e2.pack(padx = 10,pady=10)

mainloop()

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 8）实现一个简单的加法计算器

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()

frame = Frame(master)
frame.pack(padx=10,pady=10)

v1 = StringVar()
v2 = StringVar()
v3 = StringVar()
def test(content):
    return content.isdigit()

testCMD = master.register(test)
e1 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v1,validate="key",           validatecommand=(testCMD,‘%P‘)).grid(row=0,column=0)
Label(frame,text="+").grid(row=0,column=1)

e2 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v2,validate="key",           validatecommand=(testCMD,‘%P‘)).grid(row=0,column=2)
Label(frame,text="=").grid(row=0,column=3)
e3 = Entry(frame,width=10,textvariable=v3,state="readonly").grid(row=0,column=4)

def calc():
    result = int(v1.get()) + int(v2.get())
    v3.set(str(result))
Button(frame,text=‘计算结果‘,command=calc).grid(row=1,column=2,pady=5)
mainloop()

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9）Listbox组件使用，引出滚动条

　实现单一的删除操作

from tkinter import *

master = Tk()
theLB = Listbox(master)
theLB.pack()

for item in [‘鸡蛋‘,‘鸭蛋‘,‘鹅蛋‘,‘狗蛋‘]:
    theLB.insert(END,item)

theButton = Button(master, text="删除它",                   command = lambda x=theLB:x.delete(ACTIVE))
theButton.pack()
# theLB.delete(0,END)     # 全部删除
mainloop()

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theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=EXTENDED)         # 多选
theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=SINGLE)           # 单选
theLB = Listbox(master,selectmode=SINGLE,height=15) # 增加高度

 四、滚动条操作

1）Scrikkbar生成滚动条方法

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()
sb = Scrollbar(root)
sb.pack(side=RIGHT,fill =Y)

mainloop()

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 2）另一种 Scale增加精度的滚动条

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

Scale(root,from_=0, to =42).pack()
Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,orient = HORIZONTAL).pack()

mainloop()

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 3）获取该精度的位置

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

s1 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =42)
s1.pack()
s2 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,orient = HORIZONTAL)
s2.pack()

def show():
    print(s1.get(),s2.get())

Button(root,text="获取位置",command =show).pack()

mainloop()

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4）精度的具体演示

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

s1 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =42,tickinterval=5,resolution=5,length=200)
s1.pack()
s2 = Scale(root,from_=0, to =200,tickinterval=10,orient = HORIZONTAL,length=600)
s2.pack()

mainloop()

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 五、insert插入功能

1）插入文本

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=30, height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love 
")
text.insert(END,"YOU")

def show():
    print("我被点了一下")
b1 = Button(text,text="点我啊",command=show)
text.window_create(INSERT,window=b1)

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 2）插入图片

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root, width=30, height=30)
text.pack()

phone = PhotoImage(file = "1.jpg")

def show():
    text.image_create(END,image=phone)

b1 = Button(text,text="点我啊",command=show)
text.window_create(INSERT,window=b1)

mainloop()

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 3）指定位置改变字体颜色

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("tag1","1.7","1.12","1.14")
text.tag_config("tag1",background="yellow",foreground="red")

mainloop()

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 4）颜色覆盖，后者覆盖前者

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("tag1","1.7","1.12","1.14")
text.tag_add("tag2","1.1","1.9","1.14")
text.tag_config("tag1",background="yellow",foreground="red")
text.tag_config("tag2",foreground="blue")

mainloop()

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 5）绑定事件，超链接

from tkinter import *
import webbrowser

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

text.tag_add("link","1.7","1.16")
text.tag_config("link",foreground="blue",underline=True)

def show_arrow_cursor(event):
    text.config(cursor="arrow")
def show_xterm_curror(event):
    text.config(cursor="xterm")
def click(event):
    webbrowser.open("http://www.baidu.com")
text.tag_bind("link","<Enter>",show_arrow_cursor)
text.tag_bind("link","<Leave>",show_xterm_curror)
text.tag_bind("link","<Button-1>",click)
mainloop()

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 6）检查文本是否发生了变动

from tkinter import *
import hashlib

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")
contents = text.get("1.0",END)

def getSig(contents):
    m = hashlib.md5(contents.encode())
    return m.digest()
sig = getSig(contents)

def check():
    contents = text.get("1.0", END)
    if sig != getSig(contents):
        print("警报：内容发生变动")
    else:
        print("风平浪静")

Button(root,text="检查",command=check).pack()

mainloop()

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 7）对文本进行全局收索

from tkinter import *
import hashlib

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def getIndex(start,index):
    return tuple(map(int,str.split(text.index(index),".")))

start = "1.0"
while True:
    pos = text.search("o",start,stopindex=END)
    if not pos:
        break
    print("找到啦，位置是:",getIndex(text,pos))
    start = pos + "+1c"

mainloop()

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 8）撤销操作，自动插入分隔符

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5,undo=True)
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def show():
    text.edit_undo()

Button(root,text="撤销",command=show).pack()

mainloop()

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9）撤销，一个字符一个字符的删除

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

text = Text(root,width=30,height=5,undo=True,autoseparators=False)      # autoseparators 去销自动插入分隔符
text.pack()

text.insert(INSERT,"I love FishC.com!")

def callback(event):    # 绑定事件需要加参数
    text.edit_separator()   # 人为的插入分割符

text.bind(‘<Key>‘,callback)

def show():
    text.edit_undo()

Button(root,text="撤销",command=show).pack()

mainloop()

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原文链接：http://bbs.fishc.com/thread-59443-1-1.html